Scientific Reports Table of Contents e-alert: 19 July 2016

19 July 2016      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports       Jump to the content that matters to you ▼ Biological Sciences   ▼ Chemical Sciences   ▼ Physical Sciences   ▼ Earth & Environmental Sciences   ▼ Health Sciences         Biological Sciences ▲ top               Strontium mineralization of shark vertebrae ▶     Vincent Raoult, Victor M. Peddemors, David Zahra et al.     Determining the age of sharks using vertebral banding is a vital component of management, but the causes of banding are not fully understood. Traditional shark ageing is based on …             Topographical functional connectivity patterns exist in the congenitally, prelingually deaf ▶     Ella Striem-Amit, Jorge Almeida, Mario Belledonne et al.     Congenital deafness causes large changes in the auditory cortex structure and function, such that without early childhood cochlear-implant, profoundly deaf children do not …             Annexin A1 translocates to nucleus and promotes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a PKC-dependent manner after OGD/R ▶     Baoming Zhao, Jing Wang, Lu Liu et al.     Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a protein known to have multiple roles in the regulation of inflammatory responses. In this study, we find that after oxygen glucose …             Corrigendum: Difference in Visual Social Predispositions Between Newborns at Low- and High-risk for Autism ▶     Elisa Di Giorgio, Elisa Frasnelli, Orsola Rosa Salva et al.                 Recurrent HOXB13 mutations in the Dutch population do not associate with increased breast cancer risk ▶     Jingjing Liu, Wendy J. C. Prager–van der Smissen, Marjanka K. Schmidt et al.     The HOXB13 p.G84E mutation has been firmly established as a prostate cancer susceptibility allele. Although HOXB13 also plays a role in breast tumor progression, the association …             Recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 strains with targeted mutations relevant for aciclovir susceptibility ▶     Anne-Kathrin Brunnemann, Kristin Liermann, Stefanie Deinhardt-Emmer et al.     Here, we describe a novel reliable method to assess the significance of individual mutations within the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to …             Parkinson-like phenotype in insulin-resistant PED/PEA-15 transgenic mice ▶     Giuseppe Perruolo, Davide Viggiano, Francesca Fiory et al.     Neurological abnormalities, such as Parkinson-like disorders (PlD), are often co-morbidities of Type 2 Diabetic (T2D) patients, although the epidemiological link between these …             (4R,6S)-2-Dihydromenisdaurilide is a Butenolide that Efficiently Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Entry ▶     Chueh-Yao Chung, Ching-Hsuan Liu, Guey-Horng Wang et al.     Without a vaccine, hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a significant threat, putting 170–300 million carriers worldwide at risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although …             CD4+ and γδ T Cells are the main Producers of IL-22 and IL-17A in Lymphocytes from Mycobacterium bovis-infected Cattle ▶     Sabine Steinbach, H. Martin Vordermeier, Gareth J. Jones     Gene transcription studies have identified dual roles for the cytokines IL-17A and IL-22 in bovine tuberculosis, where they show potential as both predictors of vaccine success …             Enhanced performance of lipase via microcapsulation and its application in biodiesel preparation ▶     Feng Su, Guanlin Li, Yanli Fan et al.     In the present study, a surface-active enzyme, lipase was immobilized in polyethyleneimine (PEI) microcapsules and then modified with oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes …             Systematic analysis of an evolved Thermobifida fusca muC producing malic acid on organic and inorganic nitrogen sources ▶     Yu Deng, Jia Lin, Yin Mao et al.     Thermobifida fusca is a thermophilic actinobacterium. T. fusca muC obtained by adaptive evolution preferred yeast extract to ammonium sulfate for accumulating malic acid and …             Identification and functional analysis of endogenous nitric oxide in a filamentous fungus ▶     Anchalee Pengkit, Seong Sil Jeon, Soo Ji Son et al.     In spite of its prevalence in animals and plants, endogenous nitric oxide (NO) has been rarely reported in fungi. We present here our observations on production of intracellular …             The acquisition of Clostridium tyrobutyricum mutants with improved bioproduction under acidic conditions after two rounds of heavy-ion beam irradiation ▶     Xiang Zhou, Zhen Yang, Ting-Ting Jiang et al.     End-product inhibition is a key factor limiting the production of organic acid during fermentation. Two rounds of heavy-ion beam irradiation may be an inexpensive, indispensable …             Life-history trait plasticity and its relationships with plant adaptation and insect fitness: a case study on the aphid Sitobion avenae ▶     Peng Dai, Xiaoqin Shi, Deguang Liu et al.     Phenotypic plasticity has recently been considered a powerful means of adaptation, but its relationships with corresponding life-history characters and plant specialization …             Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) ▶     Toru Kanbayashi, Hisashi Miyafuji     The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, …             Unique sex chromosome systems in Ellobius: How do male XX chromosomes recombine and undergo pachytene chromatin inactivation? ▶     Sergey Matveevsky, Irina Bakloushinskaya, Oxana Kolomiets     Most mammalian species have heteromorphic sex chromosomes in males, except for a few enigmatic groups such as the mole voles Ellobius, which do not have the Y chromosome and Sry …             Two fatty acyl reductases involved in moth pheromone biosynthesis ▶     Binu Antony, Bao-Jian Ding, Ken’Ichi Moto et al.     Fatty acyl reductases (FARs) constitute an evolutionarily conserved gene family found in all kingdoms of life. Members of the FAR gene family play diverse roles, including seed …             Additive reductions in zebrafish PRPS1 activity result in a spectrum of deficiencies modeling several human PRPS1-associated diseases ▶     Wuhong Pei, Lisha Xu, Gaurav K. Varshney et al.     Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase-1 (PRPS1) is a key enzyme in nucleotide biosynthesis, and mutations in PRPS1 are found in several human diseases including nonsyndromic …             Tumour hypoxia promotes melanoma growth and metastasis via High Mobility Group Box-1 and M2-like macrophages ▶     Roman Huber, Barbara Meier, Atsushi Otsuka et al.     Hypoxia is a hallmark of cancer that is strongly associated with invasion, metastasis, resistance to therapy and poor clinical outcome. Tumour hypoxia affects immune responses …             Molecular evolution and expression divergence of the Populus euphratica Hsf genes provide insight into the stress acclimation of desert poplar ▶     Jin Zhang, Huixia Jia, Jianbo Li et al.     Heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) family is one of the most important regulators in the plant kingdom. Hsf has been demonstrated to be involved in various processes …             Phylogeography and population genetics of Schizothorax o’connori: strong subdivision in the Yarlung Tsangpo River inferred from mtDNA and microsatellite markers ▶     Xiang-Zhao Guo, Gui-Rong Zhang, Kai-Jian Wei et al.     The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a biodiversity hotspot, resulting from its geological history, contemporary environment and isolation. Uplift of the QTP and Quaternary …             LRRK2 and RAB7L1 coordinately regulate axonal morphology and lysosome integrity in diverse cellular contexts ▶     Tomoki Kuwahara, Keiichi Inoue, Vivette D. D’Agati et al.     Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has been linked to several clinical disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Crohn’s disease, and leprosy. Furthermore in rodents, LRRK2 …             Lupin Peptides Modulate the Protein-Protein Interaction of PCSK9 with the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor in HepG2 Cells ▶     Carmen Lammi, Chiara Zanoni, Gilda Aiello et al.     Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been recently identified as a new useful target for hypercholesterolemia treatment. This work demonstrates that natural …             Microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B)-deficient neurons show structural presynaptic deficiencies in vitro and altered presynaptic physiology ▶     Felipe J. Bodaleo, Carolina Montenegro-Venegas, Daniel R. Henríquez et al.     Microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) is expressed predominantly during the early stages of development of the nervous system, where it regulates processes such as axonal …             COMT and prenatal maternal smoking in associations with conduct problems and crime: the Pelotas 1993 birth cohort study ▶     Angélica Salatino-Oliveira, Joseph Murray, Christian Kieling et al.     Conduct problems in childhood and adolescence are significant precursors of crime and violence in young adulthood. The purpose of the current study is to test the interaction …             Elucidating pharmacodynamic interaction of silver nanoparticle - topical deliverable antibiotics ▶     G. Thirumurugan, J. V. L. N. Seshagiri Rao, M. D. Dhanaraju     In order to exploit the potential benefits of antimicrobial combination therapy, we need a better understanding of the circumstances under which pharmacodynamic interactions …             Modular, Antibody-free Time-Resolved LRET Kinase Assay Enabled by Quantum Dots and Tb3+-sensitizing Peptides ▶     Wei Cui, Laurie L. Parker     Fluorescent drug screening assays are essential for tyrosine kinase inhibitor discovery. Here we demonstrate a flexible, antibody-free TR-LRET kinase assay strategy that is …             Crosstalk between cystine and glutathione is critical for the regulation of amino acid signaling pathways and ferroptosis ▶     Xinlei Yu, Yun Chau Long     Although essential amino acids regulate mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the integrated stress response (ISR), the role of cysteine is unknown. We found …             Relational Network for Knowledge Discovery through Heterogeneous Biomedical and Clinical Features ▶     Huaidong Chen, Wei Chen, Chenglin Liu et al.     Biomedical big data, as a whole, covers numerous features, while each dataset specifically delineates part of them. “Full feature spectrum” knowledge discovery across …             CO2 and fire influence tropical ecosystem stability in response to climate change ▶     Timothy M. Shanahan, Konrad A. Hughen, Nicholas P. McKay et al.     Interactions between climate, fire and CO2 are believed to play a crucial role in controlling the distributions of tropical woodlands and savannas, but our understanding of these …             Development of a millimetrically scaled biodiesel transesterification device that relies on droplet-based co-axial fluidics ▶     S. I. Yeh, Y. C. Huang, C. H. Cheng et al.     In this study, we investigated a fluidic system that adheres to new concepts of energy production. To improve efficiency, cost, and ease of manufacture, a millimetrically scaled …             Impact resistance of oil-immersed lignum vitae ▶     Wei Yin, Lei Shan, Hongyu Lu et al.     Biological materials immersed in vegetable and mineral oil, such as rattan armor and wooden sleepers, have been extensively used since ancient times because of their excellent …             Glaucoma related Proteomic Alterations in Human Retina Samples ▶     Sebastian Funke, Natarajan Perumal, Sabine Beck et al.     Glaucoma related proteomic changes have been documented in cell and animal models. However, proteomic studies investigating on human retina samples are still rare. In the present …             Association of germline genetic variants in RFC, IL15 and VDR genes with minimal residual disease in pediatric B-cell precursor ALL ▶     Małgorzata Dawidowska, Maria Kosmalska, Łukasz Sędek et al.     Minimal residual disease (MRD) enables reliable assessment of risk in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, little is known on association between MRD status and germline …             Live-cell visualization of excitation energy dynamics in chloroplast thylakoid structures ▶     Masakazu Iwai, Makio Yokono, Kazuo Kurokawa et al.     The intricate molecular processes underlying photosynthesis have long been studied using various analytic approaches. However, the three-dimensional (3D) dynamics of such …             Oviposition by mutualistic seed-consuming pollinators reduces fruit abortion in a recently discovered pollination mutualism ▶     Bo Song, Jürg Stöcklin, Yong-Qian Gao et al.     A prerequisite for the evolutionary stability of pollinating seed-consuming mutualisms is that each partner benefits from the association. However, few studies of such mutualism …             Mitochondrial cereblon functions as a Lon-type protease ▶     Kosuke Kataoka, China Nakamura, Toru Asahi et al.     Lon protease plays a major role in the protein quality control system in mammalian cell mitochondria. It is present in the mitochondrial matrix, and degrades oxidized and …             Bystander autophagy mediated by radiation-induced exosomal miR-7-5p in non-targeted human bronchial epithelial cells ▶     Man Song, Yu Wang, Zeng-Fu Shang et al.     Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) describes a set of biological effects in non-targeted cells that receive bystander signals from the irradiated cells. RIBE brings …             Tetraspanin CD82 Regulates the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of PKCα in Acute Myeloid Leukemia ▶     Christina M. Termini, Keith A. Lidke, Jennifer M. Gillette     Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have increased myeloid cells within their bone marrow that exhibit aberrant signaling. Therefore, therapeutic targets that modulate …             Dual thio-digalactoside-binding modes of human galectins as the structural basis for the design of potent and selective inhibitors ▶     Tung-Ju Hsieh, Hsien-Ya Lin, Zhijay Tu et al.     Human galectins are promising targets for cancer immunotherapeutic and fibrotic disease-related drugs. We report herein the binding interactions of three thio-digalactosides …             Tyrosine Hydroxylase is crucial for maintaining pupal tanning and immunity in Anopheles sinensis ▶     Liang Qiao, Minghui Du, Xin Liang et al.     Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the initial enzyme in the melanin pathway, catalyzes tyrosine conversion into Dopa. Although expression and regulation of TH have been shown to affect …             Effects of clonal integration on the invasive clonal plant Alternanthera philoxeroides under heterogeneous and homogeneous water availability ▶     Wen-Hua You, Cui-Min Han, Chun-Hua Liu et al.     Many notorious invasive plants are clonal, living in heterogeneous or homogeneous habitats. To understand how clonal integration affects the performance of these plants in …             Dynamics of plant DNA replication based on PCNA visualization ▶     Ryohei Yokoyama, Takeshi Hirakawa, Seri Hayashi et al.     DNA replication is an essential process for the copying of genomic information in living organisms. Imaging of DNA replication in tissues and organs is mainly performed using …             Differences in gray matter structure correlated to nationalism and patriotism ▶     Hikaru Takeuchi, Yasuyuki Taki, Atsushi Sekiguchi et al.     Nationalism and patriotism both entail positive evaluations of one’s nation. However, the former inherently involves derogation of other nations, whereas the latter is …             Control of magnetite nanocrystal morphology in magnetotactic bacteria by regulation of mms7 gene expression ▶     Ayana Yamagishi, Masayoshi Tanaka, Jos J. M. Lenders et al.     Living organisms can produce inorganic materials with unique structure and properties. The biomineralization process is of great interest as it forms a source of inspiration for …             Tumourigenicity and Immunogenicity of Induced Neural Stem Cell Grafts Versus Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Grafts in Syngeneic Mouse Brain ▶     Mou Gao, Hui Yao, Qin Dong et al.     Along with the development of stem cell-based therapies for central nervous system (CNS) disease, the safety of stem cell grafts in the CNS, such as induced pluripotent stem …             Construction of feasible and accurate kinetic models of metabolism: A Bayesian approach ▶     Pedro A. Saa, Lars K. Nielsen     Kinetic models are essential to quantitatively understand and predict the behaviour of metabolic networks. Detailed and thermodynamically feasible kinetic models of metabolism …             Genome engineering Escherichia coli for L-DOPA overproduction from glucose ▶     Tao Wei, Bi-Yan Cheng, Jian-Zhong Liu     Genome engineering has become a powerful tool for creating useful strains in research and industry. In this study, we applied singleplex and multiplex genome engineering …             Generation and evaluation of Myostatin knock-out rabbits and goats using CRISPR/Cas9 system ▶     Rihong Guo, Yongjie Wan, Dan Xu et al.     Myostatin (Mstn) is a conserved negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass in mammals. However, whether precise disruption of Mstn in livestock can be achieved and safely used to …             Glycosylation enables aesculin to activate Nrf2 ▶     Kyun Ha Kim, Hyunsu Park, Hee Jin Park et al.     Since aesculin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin-6-O-β-glucopyranoside, suppresses inflammation, we asked whether its anti-inflammatory activity is associated with the activation of nuclear …             Mitogenomic perspectives on the origin of Tibetan loaches and their adaptation to high altitude ▶     Ying Wang, Yanjun Shen, Chenguang Feng et al.     Tibetan loaches are the largest group of Tibetan fishes and are well adapted to the Tibetan Plateau. To investigate the origin of Tibetan loaches and their adaptations to the …             Genetic Variants in the Transcriptional Regulatory Region of the ALOX5AP gene and Susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Populations ▶     Dongzhi Yang, Xiangnan Huang, Chuanju Cui et al.     No coding sequence variants of the ALOX5AP gene that lead to amino acid substitutions have been identified. A two-stage study design was used to explore the relationship between …             Deadly intentions: naïve introduced foxes show rapid attraction to odour cues of an unfamiliar native prey ▶     Jenna P. Bytheway, Catherine J. Price, Peter B. Banks     Introduced predators have caused declines and extinctions of native species worldwide, seemingly able to find and hunt new, unfamiliar prey from the time of their introduction. …             Knock out of the PHOSPHATE 2 Gene TaPHO2-A1 Improves Phosphorus Uptake and Grain Yield under Low Phosphorus Conditions in Common Wheat ▶     Xiang Ouyang, Xia Hong, Xueqiang Zhao et al.     MiR399 and its target PHOSPHATE2 (PHO2) play pivotal roles in phosphate signaling in plants. Loss of function mutation in PHO2 leads to excessive Pi accumulation in shoots and …             Romanian wild boars and Mangalitza pigs have a European ancestry and harbour genetic signatures compatible with past population bottlenecks ▶     A. Manunza, M. Amills, A. Noce et al.     We aimed to analyse the genetic diversity of Romanian wild boars and to compare it with that from other wild boar and pig populations from Europe and Asia. Partial sequencing of …             Cross-talk between intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells in inflammatory bowel disease ▶     Sara Al-Ghadban, Samira Kaissi, Fadia R. Homaidan et al.     Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves functional impairment of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), concomitant with the infiltration of the lamina propria by inflammatory …             Metabonomics applied in exploring the antitumour mechanism of physapubenolide on hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting glycolysis through the Akt-p53 pathway ▶     Ting Ma, Bo-Yi Fan, Chao Zhang et al.     Metabolomics can be used to identify potential markers and discover new targets for future therapeutic interventions. Here, we developed a novel application of the metabonomics …             Integration analysis of MKK and MAPK family members highlights potential MAPK signaling modules in cotton ▶     Xueying Zhang, Xiaoyang Xu, Yujia Yu et al.     Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play a crucial role in plant growth and development, as well as their biotic and abiotic stress responses. As a nodal point of …             Accuracy of autofluorescence in diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders: a comparative study with aero-digestive lesions ▶     Xiaobo Luo, Hao Xu, Mingjing He et al.     Presently, various studies had investigated the accuracy of autofluorescence in diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) …             Exogenous feeding of immediate precursors reveals synergistic effect on picroside-I biosynthesis in shoot cultures of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth ▶     Varun Kumar, Neha Sharma, Hemant Sood et al.     In the current study, we asked how the supply of immediate biosynthetic precursors i.e. cinnamic acid (CA) and catalpol (CAT) influences the synthesis of picroside-I (P-I) in …             Adding Stiffness to the Foot Modulates Soleus Force-Velocity Behaviour during Human Walking ▶     Kota Z. Takahashi, Michael T. Gross, Herman van Werkhoven et al.     Previous studies of human locomotion indicate that foot and ankle structures can interact in complex ways. The structure of the foot defines the input and output lever arms that …             Non-invasive detection of animal nerve impulses with an atomic magnetometer operating near quantum limited sensitivity ▶     Kasper Jensen, Rima Budvytyte, Rodrigo A. Thomas et al.     Magnetic fields generated by human and animal organs, such as the heart, brain and nervous system carry information useful for biological and medical purposes. These magnetic …             Proteomic Analysis of Human Brown Adipose Tissue Reveals Utilization of Coupled and Uncoupled Energy Expenditure Pathways ▶     Sebastian Müller, Miroslav Balaz, Patrik Stefanicka et al.     Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has become an attractive target to combat the current epidemical spread of obesity and its associated co-morbidities. Currently, information on …             Adiponectin enhances bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell resistance to flow shear stress through AMP-activated protein kinase signaling ▶     Lin Zhao, Chongxi Fan, Yu Zhang et al.     Adiponectin has been demonstrated to protect the cardiovascular system and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, it is unclear whether adiponectin can protect …             Probiotic modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and behaviour in zebrafish ▶     Luca Borrelli, Serena Aceto, Claudio Agnisola et al.     The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the bi-directional gut–brain axis, a communication that integrates the gut and central nervous system (CNS) activities. Animal studies …             Diagnostic test accuracy of glutamate dehydrogenase for Clostridium difficile: Systematic review and meta-analysis ▶     Jun Arimoto, Nobuyuki Horita, Shingo Kato et al.     We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of detecting glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) based …             Evaluation of a Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography for the Corneal Endothelium in an Animal Model ▶     Marcus Ang, Aris Konstantopoulos, Gwendoline Goh et al.     Recent developments in optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems for the cornea have limited resolution or acquisition speed. In this study we aim to evaluate the use of a …             Functional Brain Networks: Does the Choice of Dependency Estimator and Binarization Method Matter? ▶     Mahdi Jalili     The human brain can be modelled as a complex networked structure with brain regions as individual nodes and their anatomical/functional links as edges. Functional brain networks …             Hydra as a model organism to decipher the toxic effects of copper oxide nanorod: Eco-toxicogenomics approach ▶     Anbazhagan Murugadas, Mohammed Zeeshan, Kaliannan Thamaraiselvi et al.     Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful field of applied research. However, the potential toxicity of nano-materials is a cause of concern. A thorough toxicological …             Identification of MMP1 as a novel risk factor for intracranial aneurysms in ADPKD using iPSC models ▶     Tomonaga Ameku, Daisuke Taura, Masakatsu Sone et al.     Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and intracranial aneurysm (ICA) causing subarachnoid …             Men increase contributions to a public good when under sexual competition ▶     Arnaud Tognetti, Dimitri Dubois, Charlotte Faurie et al.     Why humans cooperate in large groups and with non-kin remains a puzzle for researchers across the natural and social sciences. Investigating whether cooperation is sexually …             A C2HC zinc finger is essential for the RING-E2 interaction of the ubiquitin ligase RNF125 ▶     Marie-José Bijlmakers, João M. C. Teixeira, Roeland Boer et al.     The activity of RING ubiquitin ligases (E3s) depends on an interaction between the RING domain and ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2), but posttranslational events or additional …             Global climate change driven by soot at the K-Pg boundary as the cause of the mass extinction ▶     Kunio Kaiho, Naga Oshima, Kouji Adachi et al.     The mass extinction of life 66 million years ago at the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary, marked by the extinctions of dinosaurs and shallow marine organisms, is important because …             Two-stage association study to identify the genetic susceptibility of a novel common variant of rs2075290 in ZPR1 to type 2 diabetes ▶     Fanglin Guan, Yu Niu, Tianxiao Zhang et al.     The SNP of rs964184 in ZPR1 has recently been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Japanese individuals. To comprehensively investigate the association of common …             CD47 Promotes Tumor Invasion and Metastasis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer ▶     Hui Zhao, Jianxin Wang, Xiaodan Kong et al.     CD47 is overexpressed in many human cancers, its level positively correlates with tumor invasion and metastasis. However, it is largely unknown whether CD47 overexpression drives …             An efficient method for gene silencing in human primary plasmacytoid dendritic cells: silencing of the TLR7/IRF-7 pathway as a proof of concept ▶     Nikaïa Smith, Pierre-Olivier Vidalain, Sébastien Nisole et al.     Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are specialized immune cells that produce massive levels of type I interferon in response to pathogens. Unfortunately, pDC are fragile and …             L-proline: a highly effective cryoprotectant for mouse oocyte vitrification ▶     Lu Zhang, Xu Xue, Jie Yan et al.     Recent studies have shown that L-proline is a natural osmoprotectant and an antioxidant to protect cells from injuries such as that caused by freezing and thawing in many species …             B Lymphocytes in Multiple Sclerosis: Bregs and BTLA/CD272 Expressing-CD19+ Lymphocytes Modulate Disease Severity ▶     Federica Piancone, Marina Saresella, Ivana Marventano et al.     B lymphocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by secreting antibodies and producing cytokines. This latter function was analyzed in myelin …             Human Thanatomicrobiome Succession and Time Since Death ▶     Gulnaz T. Javan, Sheree J. Finley, Ismail Can et al.     The thanatomicrobiome (thanatos, Greek for death) is a relatively new term and is the study of the microbes colonizing the internal organs and orifices after death. Recent …             Quantitative Persulfide Site Identification (qPerS-SID) Reveals Protein Targets of H2S Releasing Donors in Mammalian Cells ▶     Sebastian Longen, Florian Richter, Yvette Köhler et al.     H2S is an important signalling molecule involved in diverse biological processes. It mediates the formation of cysteine persulfides (R-S-SH), which affect the activity of target …             Breeding signature of combining ability improvement revealed by a genomic variation map from recurrent selection population in Brassica napus ▶     Xinwang Zhao, Bao Li, Ka Zhang et al.     Combining ability is crucial for parent selection in crop hybrid breeding. The present investigation and results had revealed the underlying genetic factors which might …             TERT promoter mutations in pancreatic endocrine tumours are rare and mainly found in tumours from patients with hereditary syndromes ▶     João Vinagre, Joana Nabais, Jorge Pinheiro et al.     One of the hallmarks of cancer is its unlimited replicative potential that needs a compensatory mechanism for the consequential telomere erosion. Telomerase promoter (TERTp) …             Roles of OA1 octopamine receptor and Dop1 dopamine receptor in mediating appetitive and aversive reinforcement revealed by RNAi studies ▶     Hiroko Awata, Ryo Wakuda, Yoshiyasu Ishimaru et al.     Revealing reinforcing mechanisms in associative learning is important for elucidation of brain mechanisms of behavior. In mammals, dopamine neurons are thought to mediate both …             Selective local lysis and sampling of live cells for nucleic acid analysis using a microfluidic probe ▶     Aditya Kashyap, Julien Autebert, Emmanuel Delamarche et al.     Heterogeneity is inherent to biology, thus it is imperative to realize methods capable of obtaining spatially-resolved genomic and transcriptomic profiles of heterogeneous …             Live attenuated Salmonella displaying HIV-1 10E8 epitope on fimbriae: systemic and mucosal immune responses in BALB/c mice by mucosal administration ▶     Qing-Hai Li, Gang Jin, Jia-Ye Wang et al.     The HIV-1 membrane proximal external region (MPER) that is targeted by several broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs) has been considered a potential immunogen for vaccine …             Host plant affects the sexual attractiveness of the female white-spotted longicorn beetle, Anoplophora malasiaca ▶     Hiroe Yasui, Nao Fujiwara-Tsujii     Anoplophora malasiaca (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious pest that destroys various landscape and crop trees in Japan. We evaluated the precopulatory responses of three …             G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 terminates G-protein-coupled receptor function in steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone signaling ▶     Wen-Li Zhao, Di Wang, Chun-Yan Liu et al.     G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit extracellular signals across the cell membrane. GPCR kinases (GRKs) desensitize GPCR signals in the cell membrane. However, the role …             A C-type lectin with an immunoglobulin-like domain promotes phagocytosis of hemocytes in crayfish Procambarus clarkii ▶     Xiao-Wen Zhang, Yue Wang, Xian-Wei Wang et al.     C-type lectins are important immune molecules that participate in host defense response. The present work reports a novel C-type lectin (PcLec3) from the red swamp crayfish …             Over-expression of DNA-PKcs in renal cell carcinoma regulates mTORC2 activation, HIF-2α expression and cell proliferation ▶     Bing Zheng, Jia-Hui Mao, Xiao-Qing Li et al.     Here, we demonstrated that DNA-PKcs is over-expressed in multiple human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues and in primary/established human RCCs. Pharmacological or genetic …             Predictive computational modeling to define effective treatment strategies for bone metastatic prostate cancer ▶     Leah M. Cook, Arturo Araujo, Julio M. Pow-Sang et al.     The ability to rapidly assess the efficacy of therapeutic strategies for incurable bone metastatic prostate cancer is an urgent need. Pre-clinical in vivo models are limited in …             Direct interaction with ACR11 is necessary for post-transcriptional control of GLU1-encoded ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase in leaves ▶     Atsushi Takabayashi, Akihiro Niwata, Ayumi Tanaka     Because it plays an essential role in nitrogen (N) assimilation and photorespiration, the glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthase (GOGAT) system is widely accepted as …             Analysis of the mouse gut microbiome using full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing ▶     Jongoh Shin, Sooin Lee, Min-Jeong Go et al.     Demands for faster and more accurate methods to analyze microbial communities from natural and clinical samples have been increasing in the medical and healthcare industry. …             Identification of novel candidate drivers connecting different dysfunctional levels for lung adenocarcinoma using protein-protein interactions and a shortest path approach ▶     Lei Chen, Tao Huang, Yu-Hang Zhang et al.     Tumors are formed by the abnormal proliferation of somatic cells with disordered growth regulation under the influence of tumorigenic factors. Recently, the theory of “cancer …             RNAi-mediated knockdown of the voltage gated sodium ion channel TcNav causes mortality in Tribolium castaneum ▶     Hesham M. Abd El Halim, Baida M. H. Alshukri, Munawar S. Ahmad et al.     The voltage-gated sodium ion channel (VGSC) belongs to the largest superfamily of ion channels. Since VGSCs play key roles in physiological processes they are major targets for …             Dynamic studies of H-Ras•GTPγS interactions with nucleotide exchange factor Sos reveal a transient ternary complex formation in solution ▶     Uybach Vo, Navratna Vajpai, Kevin J. Embrey et al.     The cycling between GDP- and GTP- bound forms of the Ras protein is partly regulated by the binding of Sos. The structural/dynamic behavior of the complex formed between …             Chloroquine enhanced the anticancer capacity of VNP20009 by inhibiting autophagy ▶     Xiaoxin Zhang, Qiaoqiao Xu, Zhuangzhuang Zhang et al.     Bacteria-based living anticancer agents have emerged as promising therapeutics. However, the functional role of autophagy in bacterial cancer therapy has been little …             Acetylome analysis reveals the involvement of lysine acetylation in diverse biological processes in Phytophthora sojae ▶     Delong Li, Binna Lv, Lingling Tan et al.     Lysine acetylation is a dynamic and highly conserved post-translational modification that plays an important regulatory role in almost every aspects of cell metabolism in both …             Convergence to consensus in heterogeneous groups and the emergence of informal leadership ▶     Sergey Gavrilets, Jeremy Auerbach, Mark van Vugt     When group cohesion is essential, groups must have efficient strategies in place for consensus decision-making. Recent theoretical work suggests that shared decision-making is …             Serotype IV Streptococcus agalactiae ST-452 has arisen from large genomic recombination events between CC23 and the hypervirulent CC17 lineages ▶     Edmondo Campisi, C. Daniela Rinaudo, Claudio Donati et al.     Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) causes life-threatening infections in newborns and adults with chronic medical conditions. Serotype IV strains are emerging …             Tracking Cancer Genetic Evolution using OncoTrack ▶     Asoke K. Talukder, Mahima Agarwal, Kenneth H. Buetow et al.     It is difficult for existing methods to quantify, and track the constant evolution of cancers due to high heterogeneity of mutations. However, structural variations associated …             New paradigms for understanding and step changes in treating active and chronic, persistent apicomplexan infections ▶     Martin McPhillie, Ying Zhou, Kamal El Bissati et al.     Toxoplasma gondii, the most common parasitic infection of human brain and eye, persists across lifetimes, can progressively damage sight, and is currently incurable. New, …             Highly Selective Enrichment of Glycopeptides Based on Zwitterionically Functionalized Soluble Nanopolymers ▶     Weiqian Cao, Jiangming Huang, Biyun Jiang et al.     Efficient glycopeptides enrichment prior to mass spectrometry analysis is essential for glycoproteome study. ZIC-HILIC (zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid …             The Synthetic Elicitor DPMP (2,4-dichloro-6-{(E)-[(3-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}phenol) Triggers Strong Immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana and Tomato ▶     Yasemin Bektas, Melinda Rodriguez-Salus, Mercedes Schroeder et al.     Synthetic elicitors are drug-like compounds that are structurally distinct from natural defense elicitors. They can protect plants from diseases by activating host immune …             Annexin A1 contributes to pancreatic cancer cell phenotype, behaviour and metastatic potential independently of Formyl Peptide Receptor pathway ▶     Raffaella Belvedere, Valentina Bizzarro, Giovanni Forte et al.     Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a Ca2+-binding protein over-expressed in pancreatic cancer (PC). We recently reported that extracellular ANXA1 mediates PC cell motility acting on Formyl …             How Escherichia coli lands and forms cell clusters on a surface: a new role of surface topography ▶     Huan Gu, Aaron Chen, Xinran Song et al.     Bacterial response to surface topography during biofilm formation was studied using 5 μm tall line patterns of poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Escherichia coli cells attached on …             Characterization and target genes of nine human PRD-like homeobox domain genes expressed exclusively in early embryos ▶     Elo Madissoon, Eeva-Mari Jouhilahti, Liselotte Vesterlund et al.     PAIRED (PRD)-like homeobox genes belong to a class of predicted transcription factor genes. Several of these PRD-like homeobox genes have been predicted in silico from genomic …             Oncogenic KRAS triggers MAPK-dependent errors in mitosis and MYC-dependent sensitivity to anti-mitotic agents ▶     David Perera, Ashok R. Venkitaraman     Oncogenic KRAS induces cell proliferation and transformation, but little is known about its effects on cell division. Functional genetic screens have recently revealed that …             Midline thalamic neurons are differentially engaged during hippocampus network oscillations ▶     Ariel Lara-Vásquez, Nelson Espinosa, Ernesto Durán et al.     The midline thalamus is reciprocally connected with the medial temporal lobe, where neural circuitry essential for spatial navigation and memory formation resides. Yet, little …             Zwitterionic chitosan for the systemic treatment of sepsis ▶     Eun Jung Cho, Kyung-Oh Doh, Jinho Park et al.     Severe sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening conditions, with Gram-negative organisms responsible for most sepsis mortality. Systemic administration of compounds that …             Carbon Storage Patterns of Caragana korshinskii in Areas of Reduced Environmental Moisture on the Loess Plateau, China ▶     Chunmei Gong, Juan Bai, Junhui Wang et al.     Precipitation patterns are influenced by climate change and profoundly alter the carbon sequestration potential of ecosystems. Carbon uptake by shrubbery alone accounts for …             Effect of paternal overweight or obesity on IVF treatment outcomes and the possible mechanisms involved ▶     Qingling Yang, Feifei Zhao, Linli Hu et al.     Leukocyte telomere lengths (LTLs) are shorter in obese compared with normal weight people. However, it is not known whether sperm telomere length (STL) is related to obesity. The …             Transcriptomic analysis reveals abnormal muscle repair and remodeling in survivors of critical illness with sustained weakness ▶     Christopher J. Walsh, Jane Batt, Margaret S. Herridge et al.     IC acquired weakness (ICUAW) is a common complication of critical illness characterized by structural and functional impairment of skeletal muscle. The resulting physical …             Core-shell self-assembly triggered via a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction for reduced glutathione detection and single cells monitoring ▶     Zhen Zhang, Yuting Jiao, Yuanyuan Wang et al.     A novel core-shell DNA self-assembly catalyzed by thiol-disulfide exchange reactions was proposed, which could realize GSH-initiated hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for signal …             Combined analysis of DNA methylome and transcriptome reveal novel candidate genes with susceptibility to bovine Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis ▶     Minyan Song, Yanghua He, Huangkai Zhou et al.     Subclinical mastitis is a widely spread disease of lactating cows. Its major pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In this study, we performed genome-wide integrative …             Dynamics of dental evolution in ornithopod dinosaurs ▶     Edward Strickson, Albert Prieto-Márquez, Michael J. Benton et al.     Ornithopods were key herbivorous dinosaurs in Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems, with a variety of tooth morphologies. Several clades, especially the ‘duck-billed’ hadrosaurids, …             Transitions in a genetic transcriptional regulatory system under Lévy motion ▶     Yayun Zheng, Larissa Serdukova, Jinqiao Duan et al.     Based on a stochastic differential equation model for a single genetic regulatory system, we examine the dynamical effects of noisy fluctuations, arising in the synthesis …             Tripartite motif containing 28 (TRIM28) promotes breast cancer metastasis by stabilizing TWIST1 protein ▶     Chunli Wei, Jingliang Cheng, Boxv Zhou et al.     TRIM28 regulates its target genes at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Here we report that a TRIM28-TWIST1-EMT axis exists in breast cancer cells and TRIM28 …             Persisting and Increasing Neutrophil Infiltration Associates with Gastric Carcinogenesis and E-cadherin Downregulation ▶     Hualin Fu, Yue Ma, Meng Yang et al.     H. pylori-induced chronic inflammation is considered the most important cause of gastric cancer. The actual process how chronic inflammation triggers gastric carcinogenesis is …             Neonicotinoid-contaminated pollinator strips adjacent to cropland reduce honey bee nutritional status ▶     Christina L. Mogren, Jonathan G. Lundgren     Worldwide pollinator declines are attributed to a number of factors, including pesticide exposures. Neonicotinoid insecticides specifically have been detected in surface waters, …             IgG subclass switching and clonal expansion in cutaneous melanoma and normal skin ▶     Louise Saul, Kristina M. Ilieva, Heather J. Bax et al.     B cells participate in immune surveillance in human circulation and tissues, including tumors such as melanoma. By contrast, the role of humoral responses in cutaneous immunity …             AP-1/σ1A and AP-1/σ1B adaptor-proteins differentially regulate neuronal early endosome maturation via the Rab5/Vps34-pathway ▶     Ermes Candiello, Manuel Kratzke, Dirk Wenzel et al.     The σ1 subunit of the AP-1 clathrin-coated-vesicle adaptor-protein complex is expressed as three isoforms. Tissues express σ1A and one of the σ1B and σ1C isoforms. Brain is the …             Interferon regulatory factor 3 is a key regulation factor for inducing the expression of SAMHD1 in antiviral innate immunity ▶     Shen Yang, Yuan Zhan, Yanjun Zhou et al.     SAMHD1 is a type I interferon (IFN) inducible host innate immunity restriction factor that inhibits an early step of the viral life cycle. The underlying mechanisms of SAMHD1 …             Urothelial ATP exocytosis: regulation of bladder compliance in the urine storage phase ▶     Hiroshi Nakagomi, Mitsuharu Yoshiyama, Tsutomu Mochizuki et al.     The bladder urothelium is more than just a barrier. When the bladder is distended, the urothelium functions as a sensor to initiate the voiding reflex, during which it releases …             Rotavirus acceleration of type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice depends on type I interferon signalling ▶     Jessica A. Pane, Fiona E. Fleming, Kate L. Graham et al.     Rotavirus infection is associated with childhood progression to type 1 diabetes. Infection by monkey rotavirus RRV accelerates diabetes onset in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, …             Inactivation of Fam20B in Joint Cartilage Leads to Chondrosarcoma and Postnatal Ossification Defects ▶     Pan Ma, Wenjuan Yan, Ye Tian et al.     During endochondral ossification, chondrocytes embed themselves in a proteoglycan-rich matrix during the proliferation-maturation transition. Accumulating evidence shows that …             Involucratusins A–H: Unusual Cadinane Dimers from Stahlianthus involucratus with Multidrug Resistance Reversal Activity ▶     Qiang-Ming Li, Jian-Guang Luo, Rui-Zhi Wang et al.     Three novel cadinane dimers, involucratusins A–C (1–3), five unique nor-cadinane-dimers, involucratusins D–H (4–8), together with a known compound (9) were isolated from the …             The impact of conservation-driven translocations on blood parasite prevalence in the Seychelles warbler ▶     Eleanor A. Fairfield, Kimberly Hutchings, Danielle L. Gilroy et al.     Introduced populations often lose the parasites they carried in their native range, but little is known about which processes may cause parasite loss during host movement. …             Identification of an NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli Sequence Type 167 in a Neonatal Patient in China ▶     Yuan-qi Zhu, Jing-yi Zhao, Cha Xu et al.     Emergence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae has become a challenging threat to public health. Two carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli, strain QD28 …             The roles of amensalistic and commensalistic interactions in large ecological network stability ▶     Akihiko Mougi     Ecological communities comprise diverse species and their interactions. Notably, ecological and evolutionary studies have revealed that reciprocal interactions such as …             A sodium channel inhibitor ISTX-I with a novel structure provides a new hint at the evolutionary link between two toxin folds ▶     Mingqiang Rong, Jiangxin Liu, Meilin Zhang et al.     Members of arachnida, such as spiders and scorpions, commonly produce venom with specialized venom glands, paralyzing their prey with neurotoxins that specifically target ion …             Developmental Validation of a novel 5 dye Y-STR System comprising the 27 YfilerPlus loci ▶     Rufeng Bai, Yaju Liu, Zheng Li et al.     In this study, a new STRtyper-27 system, including the same Yfiler Plus loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a/b, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, …             Germline replacement by blastula cell transplantation in the fish medaka ▶     Mingyou Li, Ni Hong, Hongyan Xu et al.     Primordial germ cell (PGC) specification early in development establishes the germline for reproduction and reproductive technologies. Germline replacement (GR) is a powerful …             Profiling of Host Cell Response to Successive Canine Parvovirus Infection Based on Kinetic Proteomic Change Identification ▶     Hang Zhao, Yuening Cheng, Jianke Wang et al.     Canine parvovirus (CPV) reproduces by co-opting the resources of host cells, inevitably causing cytotoxic effects to the host cells. Feline kidney F81 cells are sensitive to CPV …             Tunable switch mediated shikimate biosynthesis in an engineered non-auxotrophic Escherichia coli ▶     Pengfei Gu, Tianyuan Su, Qian Wang et al.     Shikimate is a key intermediate in the synthesis of neuraminidase inhibitors. Compared with traditional methods, microbial production of shikimate has the advantages of …             A joint analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data uncovers enhanced enzyme-metabolite coupling in breast cancer ▶     Noam Auslander, Keren Yizhak, Adam Weinstock et al.     Disrupted regulation of cellular processes is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. We analyze metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles jointly collected from breast cancer …             Multimodal Imaging of Nanocomposite Microspheres for Transcatheter Intra-Arterial Drug Delivery to Liver Tumors ▶     Dong-Hyun Kim, Weiguo Li, Jeane Chen et al.     A modern multi-functional drug carrier is critically needed to improve the efficacy of image-guided catheter-directed approaches for the treatment of hepatic malignancies. For …             Landscape determinants of fine-scale genetic structure of a small rodent in a heterogeneous landscape (Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa) ▶     Isa-Rita M. Russo, Catherine L. Sole, Mario Barbato et al.     Small mammals provide ecosystem services, acting, for example, as pollinators and seed dispersers. In addition, they are also disease reservoirs that can be detrimental to human …             Dissection of genetic architecture of rice plant height and heading date by multiple-strategy-based association studies ▶     Liyuan Zhou, Shouye Liu, Weixun Wu et al.     Xieyou9308 is a certified super hybrid rice cultivar with a high grain yield. To investigate its underlying genetic basis of high yield potential, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) …             Targeting cellular mRNAs translation by CRISPR-Cas9 ▶     Yuchen Liu, Zhicong Chen, Anbang He et al.     Recently CRISPR-Cas9 system has been reported to be capable of targeting a viral RNA, and this phenomenon thus raises an interesting question of whether Cas9 can also influence …             Effects of Fluoroquinolones and Azithromycin on Biofilm Formation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ▶     Aihua Wang, Qinqin Wang, Timothy Kudinha et al.     Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen that causes respiratory and urinary tract infections, as well as wound infections in immunocompromised patients. This …             Polyhydroxycurcuminoids but not curcumin upregulate neprilysin and can be applied to the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease ▶     Po-Ting Chen, Zih-ten Chen, Wen-Chi Hou et al.     Neprilysin (NEP) is the most important Aβ-degrading enzyme. Its expression level decreases with age and inversely correlated with amyloid accumulation, suggesting its correlation …             Functional conservation and diversification of the soybean maturity gene E1 and its homologs in legumes ▶     Xingzheng Zhang, Hong Zhai, Yaying Wang et al.     Gene regulatory networks involved in flowering time and photoperiodic responses in legumes remain unknown. Although the major maturity gene E1 has been successfully deciphered in …             Bilayer Membrane Modulation of Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) Structure and Proteolytic Activity ▶     Linda Cerofolini, Sabrina Amar, Janelle L. Lauer et al.     Cell surface proteolysis is an integral yet poorly understood physiological process. The present study has examined how the pericellular collagenase membrane-type 1 matrix …             Liver X receptor and STAT1 cooperate downstream of Gas6/Mer to induce anti-inflammatory arginase 2 expression in macrophages ▶     Si-Yoon Kim, Eun-Jin Lim, Young-So Yoon et al.     Mer signaling increases the transcriptional activity of liver X receptor (LXR) to promote the resolution of acute sterile inflammation. Here, we aimed to understand the pathway …             Differential host susceptibility and bacterial virulence factors driving Klebsiella liver abscess in an ethnically diverse population ▶     I. Russel Lee, James S. Molton, Kelly L. Wyres et al.     Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae is an emerging cause of community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess. First described in Asia, it is now increasingly recognized in Western …             Function of human pluripotent stem cell-derived photoreceptor progenitors in blind mice ▶     Alona O. Barnea-Cramer, Wei Wang, Shi-Jiang Lu et al.     Photoreceptor degeneration due to retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a primary cause of inherited retinal blindness. Photoreceptor cell-replacement may hold the potential for repair in …             Receptor tyrosine kinase EphA7 is required for interneuron connectivity at specific subcellular compartments of granule cells ▶     Simone Beuter, Ziv Ardi, Omer Horovitz et al.     Neuronal transmission is regulated by the local circuitry which is composed of principal neurons targeted at different subcellular compartments by a variety of interneurons. …             Advances in mapping malaria for elimination: fine resolution modelling of Plasmodium falciparum incidence ▶     Victor A. Alegana, Peter M. Atkinson, Christopher Lourenço et al.     The long-term goal of the global effort to tackle malaria is national and regional elimination and eventually eradication. Fine scale multi-temporal mapping in low malaria …             Increased variability in ApcMin/+ intestinal tissue can be measured with microultrasound ▶     A. Fatehullah, S. Sharma, I. P. Newton et al.     Altered tissue structure is a feature of many disease states and is usually measured by microscopic methods, limiting analysis to small areas. Means to rapidly and quantitatively …             Obtaining Human Ischemic Stroke Gene Expression Biomarkers from Animal Models: A Cross-species Validation Study ▶     Yingying Wang, Yunpeng Cai     Recent studies have revealed the systematic altering of gene expression in human peripheral blood during the early stages of ischemic stroke, which suggests a new potential …             Benzothiazinethione is a potent preclinical candidate for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis ▶     Chao Gao, Cuiting Peng, Yaojie Shi et al.     New chemotherapeutic compounds are needed to combat multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which remains a serious public-health challenge. …             Implementing rapid, robust, cost-effective, patient-centred, routine genetic testing in ovarian cancer patients ▶     Angela George, Daniel Riddell, Sheila Seal et al.     Advances in DNA sequencing have made genetic testing fast and affordable, but limitations of testing processes are impeding realisation of patient benefits. Ovarian cancer …             Reduced TRMU expression increases the sensitivity of hair-cell-like HEI-OC-1 cells to neomycin damage in vitro ▶     Zuhong He, Shan Sun, Muhammad Waqas et al.     Aminoglycosides are ototoxic to the cochlear hair cells, and mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the major mechanisms behind ototoxic drug-induced hair cell death. TRM (tRNA …             Disentangling adaptive evolutionary radiations and the role of diet in promoting diversification on islands ▶     Daniel DeMiguel     Although the initial formulation of modern concepts of adaptive radiation arose from consideration of the fossil data, rigorous attempts to identify this phenomenon in the fossil …             A metabolic intermediate of the fructose-asparagine utilization pathway inhibits growth of a Salmonella fraB mutant ▶     Anice Sabag-Daigle, Henry M. Blunk, Anindita Sengupta et al.     Insertions in the Salmonella enterica fra locus, which encodes the fructose-asparagine (F-Asn) utilization pathway, are highly attenuated in mouse models of inflammation (>…             Development of a synthetic gene network to modulate gene expression by mechanical forces ▶     Zoltán Kis, Tania Rodin, Asma Zafar et al.     The majority of (mammalian) cells in our body are sensitive to mechanical forces, but little work has been done to develop assays to monitor mechanosensor activity. Furthermore, …             Nutritional and non-nutritional food components modulate phenotypic variation but not physiological trade-offs in an insect ▶     Carlos Pascacio-Villafán, Trevor Williams, Andrea Birke et al.     Our understanding of how food modulates animal phenotypes and mediate trade-offs between life-history traits has benefited greatly from the study of combinations of nutritional …             TolC plays a crucial role in immune protection conferred by Edwardsiella tarda whole-cell vaccines ▶     Chao Wang, Bo Peng, Hui Li et al.     Although vaccines developed from live organisms have better efficacy than those developed from dead organisms, the mechanisms underlying this differential efficacy remain …             Analyzing the CDR3 Repertoire with respect to TCR—Beta Chain V-D-J and V-J Rearrangements in Peripheral T Cells using HTS ▶     Long Ma, Liwen Yang, Bin Shi et al.     V-D-J rearrangement of the TCR—beta chain follows the 12/23 rule and the beyond 12/23 restriction. Currently, the proportion and characteristics of TCR—beta chain V—J …             Complete Genome Analysis of an Enterovirus EV-B83 Isolated in China ▶     Jingjing Tang, Qiongfen Li, Bingjun Tian et al.     Enterovirus B83 (EV-B83) is a recently identified member of enterovirus species B. It is a rarely reported serotype and up to date, only the complete genome sequence of the …             Hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 interact to mediate UV-B-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in radish sprouts ▶     Qi Wu, Nana Su, Xiaoyan Zhang et al.     The cross talk among hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO) and UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) in UV-B-induced anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyls of radish sprouts was …             Post-exposure treatment with whole inactivated H5N1 avian influenza virus protects against lethal homologous virus infection in mice ▶     Mable Hagan, Charlene Ranadheera, Jonathan Audet et al.     Concerns with H5N1 influenza viruses include their prevalence in wild and domestic poultry, high mortality rate (~60%) in humans with some strains, lack of pre-existing immunity …             Tempered mlo broad-spectrum resistance to barley powdery mildew in an Ethiopian landrace ▶     Xintian Ge, Weiwei Deng, Zheng Zhou Lee et al.     Recessive mutations in the Mlo gene confer broad spectrum resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare) to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei), a widespread and damaging …             Heritable genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 induces anosmia in a crop pest moth ▶     Fotini A. Koutroumpa, Christelle Monsempes, Marie-Christine François et al.     Lepidoptera suffer critical lack of genetic tools and heritable genome edition has been achieved only in a few model species. Here we demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is …             Cosmid based mutagenesis causes genetic instability in Streptomyces coelicolor, as shown by targeting of the lipoprotein signal peptidase gene ▶     John T. Munnoch, David A. Widdick, Govind Chandra et al.     Bacterial lipoproteins are extracellular proteins tethered to cell membranes by covalently attached lipids. Deleting the lipoprotein signal peptidase (lsp) gene in Streptomyces …             Identification of novel and robust internal control genes from Volvariella volvacea that are suitable for RT-qPCR in filamentous fungi ▶     Yongxin Tao, Arend Frans van Peer, Qianhui Huang et al.     The selection of appropriate internal control genes (ICGs) is a crucial step in the normalization of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) data. Housekeeping genes are habitually …             Investigating poultry trade patterns to guide avian influenza surveillance and control: a case study in Vietnam ▶     Guillaume Fournié, Astrid Tripodi, Thi Thanh Thuy Nguyen et al.     Live bird markets are often the focus of surveillance activities monitoring avian influenza viruses (AIV) circulating in poultry. However, in order to ensure a high sensitivity …             An invertebrate-specific and immune-responsive microRNA augments oyster haemocyte phagocytosis by targeting CgIκB2 ▶     Hao Chen, Zhi Zhou, Hao Wang et al.     Nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway is an evolutionally conserved pathway in activating immune response, in which IκBs can repress the activation. In the present study, cgi-miR-2d, an …             Footprints reveal direct evidence of group behavior and locomotion in Homo erectus ▶     Kevin G. Hatala, Neil T. Roach, Kelly R. Ostrofsky et al.     Bipedalism is a defining feature of the human lineage. Despite evidence that walking on two feet dates back 6–7 Ma, reconstructing hominin gait evolution is complicated by a …             Competition for Cooperation: variability, benefits and heritability of relational wealth in hunter-gatherers ▶     Nikhil Chaudhary, Gul Deniz Salali, James Thompson et al.     Many defining human characteristics including theory of mind, culture and language relate to our sociality, and facilitate the formation and maintenance of cooperative …             Decreased expression of Calpain-9 predicts unfavorable prognosis in patients with gastric cancer ▶     Peike Peng, Weicheng Wu, Junjie Zhao et al.     Calpain-8 and calpain-9 belong to the family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, which are highly expressed in the stomach. However, the roles of calpain-8 and calpain-9 in …             Sox transcription in sarcosine utilization is controlled by Sigma54 and SoxR in Bacillus thuringiensis HD73 ▶     Qi Peng, Chunxia Liu, Bo Wang et al.     Sarcosine oxidase catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine to yield glycine, formaldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide. In this study, we analyzed the transcription and …             Viral Evolution and Cytotoxic T Cell Restricted Selection in Acute Infant HIV-1 Infection ▶     Miguel A. Garcia-Knight, Jennifer Slyker, Barbara Lohman Payne et al.     Antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-1 infected infants experience poor viral containment and rapid disease progression compared to adults. Viral factors (e.g. transmitted cytotoxic …             Imaging cervical cytology with scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) coupled with an IR-FEL ▶     Diane E. Halliwell, Camilo L. M. Morais, Kássio M. G. Lima et al.     Cervical cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women, especially in the developing world. Increased synthesis of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids is a …             A Rational Approach for the Identification of Non-Hydroxamate HDAC6-Selective Inhibitors ▶     Laura Goracci, Nathalie Deschamps, Giuseppe Marco Randazzo et al.     The human histone deacetylase isoform 6 (HDAC6) has been demonstrated to play a major role in cell motility and aggresome formation, being interesting for the treatment of …             Highly sensitive detection of lipopolysaccharides using an aptasensor based on hybridization chain reaction ▶     Peiyan Xie, Longjiao Zhu, Xiangli Shao et al.     Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), integral components of the outer membrane of all gram-negative bacteria, are closely associated with foodborne diseases such as fever, diarrhea and …             Structural and dynamics studies of a truncated variant of CI repressor from bacteriophage TP901-1 ▶     Kim Krighaar Rasmussen, Kristian E. H. Frandsen, Elisabetta Boeri Erba et al.     The CI repressor from the temperate bacteriophage TP901-1 consists of two folded domains, an N-terminal helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain (NTD) and a C-terminal oligomerization …             Impact of ABCB1 1236C > T-2677G > T-3435C > T polymorphisms on the anti-proliferative activity of imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib and ponatinib ▶     Géraldine Dessilly, Nadtha Panin, Laure Elens et al.     Overexpression of ABCB1 (also called P-glycoprotein) confers resistance to multiple anticancer drugs, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Several ABCB1 single nucleotide …             An essential role of SVZ progenitors in cortical folding in gyrencephalic mammals ▶     Tomohisa Toda, Yohei Shinmyo, Tung Anh Dinh Duong et al.     Because folding of the cerebral cortex in the mammalian brain is believed to be crucial for higher brain functions, the mechanisms underlying its formation during development and …             Host Double Strand Break Repair Generates HIV-1 Strains Resistant to CRISPR/Cas9 ▶     Kristine E. Yoder, Ralf Bundschuh     CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has been proposed as a therapeutic treatment for HIV-1 infection. CRISPR/Cas9 induced double strand breaks (DSBs) targeted to the integrated viral …             CREB-mediated synaptogenesis and neurogenesis is crucial for the role of 5-HT1a receptors in modulating anxiety behaviors ▶     Jing Zhang, Cheng-Yun Cai, Hai-Yin Wu et al.     Serotonin 1a-receptor (5-HT1aR) has been specifically implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety. However, the mechanism underlying the role of 5-HT1aR in anxiety remains poorly …             Hypothalamic TLR2 triggers sickness behavior via a microglia-neuronal axis ▶     Sungho Jin, Jae Geun Kim, Jeong Woo Park et al.     Various pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to sickness behaviors have been proposed. For example, an inflammatory process in the hypothalamus has been implicated, but the …             Delineation of autoantibody repertoire through differential proteogenomics in hepatitis C virus-induced cryoglobulinemia ▶     Masato Ogishi, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Kyoji Moriya et al.     Antibodies cross-reactive to pathogens and autoantigens are considered pivotal in both infection control and accompanying autoimmunity. However, the pathogenic roles of …             Endothelial cell alignment as a result of anisotropic strain and flow induced shear stress combinations ▶     Ravi Sinha, Séverine Le Gac, Nico Verdonschot et al.     Endothelial cells (ECs) are continuously exposed in vivo to cyclic strain and shear stress from pulsatile blood flow. When these stimuli are applied in vitro, ECs adopt an …             Overcoming the matched-sample bottleneck: an orthogonal approach to integrate omic data ▶     Tin Nguyen, Diana Diaz, Rebecca Tagett et al.     MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules whose primary function is to regulate the expression of gene products via hybridization to mRNA transcripts, resulting in …             Novel Chemical Ligands to Ebola Virus and Marburg Virus Nucleoproteins Identified by Combining Affinity Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Approaches ▶     Xu Fu, Zhihua Wang, Lixin Li et al.     The nucleoprotein (NP) of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) is an essential component of the viral ribonucleoprotein complex and significantly impacts replication and …             Key role in ecosystem functioning of scavengers reliant on a single common species ▶     Richard Inger, Esra Per, Daniel T.C. Cox et al.     The importance of species richness in maintaining ecosystem function in the field remains unclear. Recent studies however have suggested that in some systems functionality is …             Exploration of acetanilide derivatives of 1-(ω-phenoxyalkyl)uracils as novel inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus replication ▶     Andrea Magri, Alexander A. Ozerov, Vera L. Tunitskaya et al.     Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a major public health problem worldwide. While highly efficacious directly-acting antiviral agents have been developed in recent years, their high …             Reproduction of the long-spined sea urchin Diadema setosum in the Gulf of Aqaba - implications for the use of gonad-indexes ▶     Omri Bronstein, Andreas Kroh, Yossi Loya     As global warming and climate-change proceeds ever more rapidly, organisms depending on seasonal cues to synchronize reproduction face an unclear future. Reproduction in Diadema …             Disrupted topological organization of structural and functional brain connectomes in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis ▶     Ni Shu, Yunyun Duan, Mingrui Xia et al.     The brain connectome of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been investigated by several previous studies; however, it is still unknown how the network changes in clinically isolated …             Iron(II) supramolecular helicates interfere with the HIV-1 Tat–TAR RNA interaction critical for viral replication ▶     Jaroslav Malina, Michael J. Hannon, Viktor Brabec     The interaction between the HIV-1 transactivator protein Tat and TAR (transactivation responsive region) RNA, plays a critical role in HIV-1 transcription. Iron(II) …             Polymorphisms in the Mannose-Binding Lectin Gene are Associated with Defective Mannose-Binding Lectin Functional Activity in Crohn’s Disease Patients ▶     Laura Choteau, Francis Vasseur, Frederic Lepretre et al.     Mannose-binding lectin, together with mannose-associated serine proteases, activates the lectin pathway of the complement system and subsequent inflammatory mechanisms. An …             Multiplex amplicon sequencing for microbe identification in community-based culture collections ▶     Jaderson Silveira Leite Armanhi, Rafael Soares Correa de Souza, Laura Migliorini de Araújo et al.     Microbiome analysis using metagenomic sequencing has revealed a vast microbial diversity associated with plants. Identifying the molecular functions associated with …             Quantitative proteomics analysis of zebrafish exposed to sub-lethal dosages of β-methyl-amino-L-alanine (BMAA) ▶     Ann Kristin Frøyset, Essa Ahsan Khan, Kari Espolin Fladmark     The non-protein amino acid β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a neurotoxin present in microalgae and shown to accumulate in the food web. BMAA has been linked to the complex …             Electrical characterization of DNA supported on nitrocellulose membranes ▶     Mahmoud Al Ahmad, Reham M. Milhem, Neena G. Panicker et al.     Integrated DNA-based nanoscale electronic devices will enable the continued realization of Moore’s Law at the level of functional devices and systems. In this work, the …             Joint effects of folate intake and one-carbon-metabolizing genetic polymorphisms on breast cancer risk: a case-control study in China ▶     Wei-Ping Luo, Bin Li, Fang-Yu Lin et al.     This study aimed to examine the joint effects of folate intake, polymorphisms of 5,10- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthesis reductase (MTRR) and …             Chronic hyperglycemia induced via the heterozygous knockout of Pdx1 worsens neuropathological lesion in an Alzheimer mouse model ▶     Chuang Guo, Shuai Zhang, Jia-Yi Li et al.     Compelling evidence has indicated that dysregulated glucose metabolism links Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) via glucose metabolic products. Nevertheless, …             Expression of osteoprotegerin and its ligands, RANKL and TRAIL, in rheumatoid arthritis ▶     Sara Remuzgo-Martínez, Fernanda Genre, Raquel López-Mejías et al.     Osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-ΚB ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) have been involved in rheumatoid …             Promising Tools in Prostate Cancer Research: Selective Non-Steroidal Cytochrome P450 17A1 Inhibitors ▶     Silvia Bonomo, Cecilie H. Hansen, Elyse M. Petrunak et al.     Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) is an important target in the treatment of prostate cancer because it produces androgens required for tumour growth. The FDA has approved only one …             Chronic Glutathione Depletion Confers Protection against Alcohol-induced Steatosis: Implication for Redox Activation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase Pathway ▶     Ying Chen, Surendra Singh, Akiko Matsumoto et al.     The pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is not well established. However, oxidative stress and associated decreases in levels of glutathione (GSH) are known to play a …             CHIP−/−-Mouse Liver: Adiponectin-AMPK-FOXO-Activation Overrides CYP2E1-Elicited JNK1-Activation, Delaying Onset of NASH: Therapeutic Implications ▶     Sung-Mi Kim, James P. Grenert, Cam Patterson et al.     Genetic ablation of C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) E3 ubiquitin-ligase impairs hepatic cytochrome P450 CYP2E1 degradation. Consequent CYP2E1 gain of function …               Chemical Sciences ▲ top               Molecular Signature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Simultaneous Nanomolar Detection of Quorum Sensing Signaling Molecules at a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode ▶     Alyah Buzid, Fengjun Shang, F. Jerry Reen et al.     Electroanalysis was performed using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for the simultaneous detection of 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS), 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline …             Fabrication of Mediatorless/Membraneless Glucose/Oxygen Based Biofuel Cell using Biocatalysts Including Glucose Oxidase and Laccase Enzymes ▶     Marcelinus Christwardana, Ki Jae Kim, Yongchai Kwon     Mediatorless and membraneless enzymatic biofuel cells (EBCs) employing new catalytic structure are fabricated. Regarding anodic catalyst, structure consisting of glucose oxidase …             Modular, Antibody-free Time-Resolved LRET Kinase Assay Enabled by Quantum Dots and Tb3+-sensitizing Peptides ▶     Wei Cui, Laurie L. Parker     Fluorescent drug screening assays are essential for tyrosine kinase inhibitor discovery. Here we demonstrate a flexible, antibody-free TR-LRET kinase assay strategy that is …             Thiolate–Protected Gold Nanoparticles Via Physical Approach: Unusual Structural and Photophysical Characteristics ▶     Yohei Ishida, Ikumi Akita, Taiki Sumi et al.     Here we report a novel physical approach for thiolate–protected fluorescent gold nanoparticles with a controlled size of the order of a few nanometers. This approach is based on …             Secondary coordination sphere accelerates hole transfer for enhanced hydrogen photogeneration from [FeFe]-hydrogenase mimic and CdSe QDs in water ▶     Min Wen, Xu-Bing Li, Jing-Xin Jian et al.     Achieving highly efficient hydrogen (H2) evolution via artificial photosynthesis is a great ambition pursued by scientists in recent decades because H2 has high specific enthalpy …             Gas-phase hydrolysis of triplet SO2: A possible direct route to atmospheric acid formation ▶     D. James Donaldson, Jay A. Kroll, Veronica Vaida     Sulfur chemistry is of great interest to the atmospheric chemistry of several planets. In the presence of water, oxidized sulfur can lead to new particle formation, influencing …             Exogenous feeding of immediate precursors reveals synergistic effect on picroside-I biosynthesis in shoot cultures of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth ▶     Varun Kumar, Neha Sharma, Hemant Sood et al.     In the current study, we asked how the supply of immediate biosynthetic precursors i.e. cinnamic acid (CA) and catalpol (CAT) influences the synthesis of picroside-I (P-I) in …             Strip-Pattern-Spheres Self-Assembled from Polypeptide-Based Polymer Mixtures: Structure and Defect Features ▶     Xingyu Zhu, Zhou Guan, Jiaping Lin et al.     We found that poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PBLG-b-PEG) rod-coil block copolymers and polystyrene (PS) homopolymers can cooperatively self-assemble into …             Uncovering the Relationship between Sulphation Patterns and Conformation of Iduronic Acid in Heparan Sulphate ▶     Po-Hung Hsieh, David F. Thieker, Marco Guerrini et al.     The L-iduronic acid (IdoA) residue is a critically important structural component in heparan sulphate polysaccharide for the biological functions. The pyranose ring of IdoA is …             Highly Selective Enrichment of Glycopeptides Based on Zwitterionically Functionalized Soluble Nanopolymers ▶     Weiqian Cao, Jiangming Huang, Biyun Jiang et al.     Efficient glycopeptides enrichment prior to mass spectrometry analysis is essential for glycoproteome study. ZIC-HILIC (zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid …             Methodology for Quantitative Characterization of Fluorophore Photoswitching to Predict Superresolution Microscopy Image Quality ▶     Amy M. Bittel, Andrew Nickerson, Isaac S. Saldivar et al.     Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) image quality and resolution strongly depend on the photoswitching properties of fluorophores used for sample labeling. Development …             Hybrid Cluster Precursors of the LaZrO Insulator for Transistors: Properties of High-Temperature-Processed Films and Structures of Solutions, Gels, and Solids ▶     Jinwang Li, Peixin Zhu, Daisuke Hirose et al.     In the solution processing of oxide electronics, the structure of metal–organic precursors in solution and their effect on processability and on the final structure and …             Radicalization and Radical Catalysis of Biomass Sugars: Insights from First-principles Studies ▶     Gang Yang, Chang Zhu, Xianli Zou et al.     Ab initio and density functional calculations are conducted to investigate the radicalization processes and radical catalysis of biomass sugars. Structural alterations due to …             Influence of Metal Diboride and Dy2O3 Additions on Microstructure and Properties of MgB2 Fabricated at High Temperatures and under Pressure ▶     Y. Yang, M. D. Sumption, E. W. Collings     High temperatures and under pressure (HTP) processing has been used to study the effects of chemical doping in MgB2. ZrB2, TiB2 and NbB2 were selected as additives since, like MgB…             Beyond endoscopic assessment in inflammatory bowel disease: real-time histology of disease activity by non-linear multimodal imaging ▶     Olga Chernavskaia, Sandro Heuke, Michael Vieth et al.     Assessing disease activity is a prerequisite for an adequate treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition to …             Polymeric nanocapsules with up-converting nanocrystals cargo make ideal fluorescent bioprobes ▶     U. Bazylińska, D. Wawrzyńczyk, J. Kulbacka et al.     An innovative approach for up-converting nanoparticles adaptation for bio-related and theranostic applications is presented. We have successfully encapsulated multiple, ~8 nm in …             ZIF-8 Derived, Nitrogen-Doped Porous Electrodes of Carbon Polyhedron Particles for High-Performance Electrosorption of Salt Ions ▶     Nei-Ling Liu, Saikat Dutta, Rahul R. Salunkhe et al.     Three-dimensional (3-D) ZIF-8 derived carbon polyhedrons with high nitrogen (N) content, (denoted as NC-800) are synthesized for their application as high-performance electrodes …             Iron(II) supramolecular helicates interfere with the HIV-1 Tat–TAR RNA interaction critical for viral replication ▶     Jaroslav Malina, Michael J. Hannon, Viktor Brabec     The interaction between the HIV-1 transactivator protein Tat and TAR (transactivation responsive region) RNA, plays a critical role in HIV-1 transcription. Iron(II) …             Atomic-scale Studies of Uranium Oxidation and Corrosion by Water Vapour ▶     T. L. Martin, C. Coe, P. A. J. Bagot et al.     Understanding the corrosion of uranium is important for its safe, long-term storage. Uranium metal corrodes rapidly in air, but the exact mechanism remains subject to debate. …             Promising Tools in Prostate Cancer Research: Selective Non-Steroidal Cytochrome P450 17A1 Inhibitors ▶     Silvia Bonomo, Cecilie H. Hansen, Elyse M. Petrunak et al.     Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) is an important target in the treatment of prostate cancer because it produces androgens required for tumour growth. The FDA has approved only one …               Physical Sciences ▲ top               Quantum computation based on photonic systems with two degrees of freedom assisted by the weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity ▶     Ming-Xing Luo, Hui-Ran Li, Hong Lai     Most of previous quantum computations only take use of one degree of freedom (DoF) of photons. An experimental system may possess various DoFs simultaneously. In this paper, with …             Fabrication of Mediatorless/Membraneless Glucose/Oxygen Based Biofuel Cell using Biocatalysts Including Glucose Oxidase and Laccase Enzymes ▶     Marcelinus Christwardana, Ki Jae Kim, Yongchai Kwon     Mediatorless and membraneless enzymatic biofuel cells (EBCs) employing new catalytic structure are fabricated. Regarding anodic catalyst, structure consisting of glucose oxidase …             Template Free and Binderless NiO Nanowire Foam for Li-ion Battery Anodes with Long Cycle Life and Ultrahigh Rate Capability ▶     Chueh Liu, Changling Li, Kazi Ahmed et al.     Herein, NiO-decorated Ni nanowires with diameters ca. 30–150 nm derived from Ni wire backbone (ca. 2 μm in diameter) is directly synthesized on commercially available Ni foam as …             Electric-field-driven magnetization switching and nonlinear magnetoelasticity in Au/FeCo/MgO heterostructures ▶     P. V. Ong, Nicholas Kioussis, P. Khalili Amiri et al.     Voltage-induced switching of magnetization, as opposed to current-driven spin transfer torque switching, can lead to a new paradigm enabling ultralow-power and high density …             High-performance perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 thin films for solar cells prepared by single-source physical vapour deposition ▶     Ping Fan, Di Gu, Guang-Xing Liang et al.     In this work, an alternative route to fabricating high-quality CH3NH3PbI3 thin films is proposed. Single-source physical vapour deposition (SSPVD) without a post-heat-treating …             Thiolate–Protected Gold Nanoparticles Via Physical Approach: Unusual Structural and Photophysical Characteristics ▶     Yohei Ishida, Ikumi Akita, Taiki Sumi et al.     Here we report a novel physical approach for thiolate–protected fluorescent gold nanoparticles with a controlled size of the order of a few nanometers. This approach is based on …             Low temperature deformation behavior of an electromagnetically bulged 5052 aluminum alloy ▶     Zu Li, Ning Li, Duzhen Wang et al.     The fundamental understanding of the deformation behavior of electromagnetically formed metallic components under extreme conditions is important. Here, the effect of low …             Electric control of superconducting transition through a spin-orbit coupled interface ▶     Jabir Ali Ouassou, Angelo Di Bernardo, Jason W. A. Robinson et al.     We demonstrate theoretically all-electric control of the superconducting transition temperature using a device comprised of a conventional superconductor, a ferromagnetic …             Magnetic vortex chirality determination via local hysteresis loops measurements with magnetic force microscopy ▶     Marco Coïsson, Gabriele Barrera, Federica Celegato et al.     Magnetic vortex chirality in patterned square dots has been investigated by means of a field-dependent magnetic force microscopy technique that allows to measure local hysteresis …             Microassembly of Heterogeneous Materials using Transfer Printing and Thermal Processing ▶     Hohyun Keum, Zining Yang, Kewen Han et al.     Enabling unique architectures and functionalities of microsystems for numerous applications in electronics, photonics and other areas often requires microassembly of separately …             Development of a millimetrically scaled biodiesel transesterification device that relies on droplet-based co-axial fluidics ▶     S. I. Yeh, Y. C. Huang, C. H. Cheng et al.     In this study, we investigated a fluidic system that adheres to new concepts of energy production. To improve efficiency, cost, and ease of manufacture, a millimetrically scaled …             Molecular Signature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Simultaneous Nanomolar Detection of Quorum Sensing Signaling Molecules at a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode ▶     Alyah Buzid, Fengjun Shang, F. Jerry Reen et al.     Electroanalysis was performed using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for the simultaneous detection of 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS), 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline …             Modular, Antibody-free Time-Resolved LRET Kinase Assay Enabled by Quantum Dots and Tb3+-sensitizing Peptides ▶     Wei Cui, Laurie L. Parker     Fluorescent drug screening assays are essential for tyrosine kinase inhibitor discovery. Here we demonstrate a flexible, antibody-free TR-LRET kinase assay strategy that is …             Elucidating pharmacodynamic interaction of silver nanoparticle - topical deliverable antibiotics ▶     G. Thirumurugan, J. V. L. N. Seshagiri Rao, M. D. Dhanaraju     In order to exploit the potential benefits of antimicrobial combination therapy, we need a better understanding of the circumstances under which pharmacodynamic interactions …             Impact resistance of oil-immersed lignum vitae ▶     Wei Yin, Lei Shan, Hongyu Lu et al.     Biological materials immersed in vegetable and mineral oil, such as rattan armor and wooden sleepers, have been extensively used since ancient times because of their excellent …             Hollow cathode lamp based Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter ▶     Duo Pan, Xiaobo Xue, Haosen Shang et al.     The Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF), which has acquired wide applications, is mainly limited to some gaseous elements and low melting-point metals before, for …             Reflection type metasurface designed for high efficiency vectorial field generation ▶     Shiyi Wang, Qiwen Zhan     We propose a reflection type metal-insulator-metal (MIM) metasurface composed of hybrid nano-antennas for comprehensive spatial engineering of the properties of optical fields. …             Surface Wave Cloak from Graded Refractive Index Nanocomposites ▶     L. La Spada, T. M. McManus, A. Dyke et al.     Recently, a great deal of interest has been re-emerged on the possibility to manipulate surface waves, in particular, towards the THz and optical regime. Both concepts of …             Theory of Multifarious Quantum Phases and Large Anomalous Hall Effect in Pyrochlore Iridate Thin Films ▶     Kyusung Hwang, Yong Baek Kim     We theoretically investigate emergent quantum phases in the thin film geometries of the pyrochore iridates, where a number of exotic quantum ground states are proposed to occur …             Isotropic plasticity of β-type Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy single crystals for the development of single crystalline β-Ti implants ▶     Koji Hagihara, Takayoshi Nakano, Hideaki Maki et al.     β-type Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy is a promising novel material for biomedical applications. We have proposed a ‘single crystalline β-Ti implant’ as new hard tissue replacements …             Secondary coordination sphere accelerates hole transfer for enhanced hydrogen photogeneration from [FeFe]-hydrogenase mimic and CdSe QDs in water ▶     Min Wen, Xu-Bing Li, Jing-Xin Jian et al.     Achieving highly efficient hydrogen (H2) evolution via artificial photosynthesis is a great ambition pursued by scientists in recent decades because H2 has high specific enthalpy …             High-power ultralong-wavelength Tm-doped silica fiber laser cladding-pumped with a random distributed feedback fiber laser ▶     Xiaoxi Jin, Xueyuan Du, Xiong Wang et al.     We demonstrated a high-power ultralong-wavelength Tm-doped silica fiber laser operating at 2153 nm with the output power exceeding 18 W and the slope efficiency of 25.5%. A …             Strip-Pattern-Spheres Self-Assembled from Polypeptide-Based Polymer Mixtures: Structure and Defect Features ▶     Xingyu Zhu, Zhou Guan, Jiaping Lin et al.     We found that poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PBLG-b-PEG) rod-coil block copolymers and polystyrene (PS) homopolymers can cooperatively self-assemble into …             Proposed correlation of structure network inherited from producing techniques and deformation behavior for Ni-Ti-Mo metallic glasses via atomistic simulations ▶     M. H. Yang, J. H. Li, B. X. Liu     Based on the newly constructed n-body potential of Ni-Ti-Mo system, Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations predict an energetically favored glass formation region and an …             Hybridized plasmon modes and near-field enhancement of metallic nanoparticle-dimer on a mirror ▶     Yu Huang, Lingwei Ma, Mengjing Hou et al.     For the attractive plasmonic structure consisting of metal nanoparticles (NPs) on a mirror, the coexistence of near-field NP-NP and NP-mirror couplings is numerically studied at …             An ultrahigh-accuracy Miniature Dew Point Sensor based on an Integrated Photonics Platform ▶     Jifang Tao, Yu Luo, Li Wang et al.     The dew point is the temperature at which vapour begins to condense out of the gaseous phase. The deterministic relationship between the dew point and humidity is the basis for …             Self-Supporting Ion Gels for Electrochemiluminescent Sticker-Type Optoelectronic Devices ▶     Kihyon Hong, Yeong Kwan Kwon, Jungho Ryu et al.     Nowadays, there has been an increasing demand to develop low-cost, disposable or reusable display devices to meet and maximize short-term user convenience. However, the …             Effect of interlayer interactions on exciton luminescence in atomic-layered MoS2 crystals ▶     Jung Gon Kim, Won Seok Yun, Sunghwan Jo et al.     The atomic-layered semiconducting materials of transition metal dichalcogenides are considered effective light sources with both potential applications in thin and flexible …             Four-state memory based on a giant and non-volatile converse magnetoelectric effect in FeAl/PIN-PMN-PT structure ▶     Yanping Wei, Cunxu Gao, Zhendong Chen et al.     We report a stable, tunable and non-volatile converse magnetoelectric effect (ME) in a new type of FeAl/PIN-PMN-PT heterostructure at room temperature, with a giant electrical …             Gas-phase hydrolysis of triplet SO2: A possible direct route to atmospheric acid formation ▶     D. James Donaldson, Jay A. Kroll, Veronica Vaida     Sulfur chemistry is of great interest to the atmospheric chemistry of several planets. In the presence of water, oxidized sulfur can lead to new particle formation, influencing …             Exogenous feeding of immediate precursors reveals synergistic effect on picroside-I biosynthesis in shoot cultures of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth ▶     Varun Kumar, Neha Sharma, Hemant Sood et al.     In the current study, we asked how the supply of immediate biosynthetic precursors i.e. cinnamic acid (CA) and catalpol (CAT) influences the synthesis of picroside-I (P-I) in …             Non-invasive detection of animal nerve impulses with an atomic magnetometer operating near quantum limited sensitivity ▶     Kasper Jensen, Rima Budvytyte, Rodrigo A. Thomas et al.     Magnetic fields generated by human and animal organs, such as the heart, brain and nervous system carry information useful for biological and medical purposes. These magnetic …             Functional Brain Networks: Does the Choice of Dependency Estimator and Binarization Method Matter? ▶     Mahdi Jalili     The human brain can be modelled as a complex networked structure with brain regions as individual nodes and their anatomical/functional links as edges. Functional brain networks …             Adding Stiffness to the Foot Modulates Soleus Force-Velocity Behaviour during Human Walking ▶     Kota Z. Takahashi, Michael T. Gross, Herman van Werkhoven et al.     Previous studies of human locomotion indicate that foot and ankle structures can interact in complex ways. The structure of the foot defines the input and output lever arms that …             Hydra as a model organism to decipher the toxic effects of copper oxide nanorod: Eco-toxicogenomics approach ▶     Anbazhagan Murugadas, Mohammed Zeeshan, Kaliannan Thamaraiselvi et al.     Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful field of applied research. However, the potential toxicity of nano-materials is a cause of concern. A thorough toxicological …             Hybrid Cluster Precursors of the LaZrO Insulator for Transistors: Properties of High-Temperature-Processed Films and Structures of Solutions, Gels, and Solids ▶     Jinwang Li, Peixin Zhu, Daisuke Hirose et al.     In the solution processing of oxide electronics, the structure of metal–organic precursors in solution and their effect on processability and on the final structure and …             Aero-Thermo-Dynamic Mass Analysis ▶     Kota Shiba, Genki Yoshikawa     Each gas molecule has its own molecular weight, while such a microscopic characteristic is generally inaccessible, and thus, it is measured indirectly through e.g. ionization in …             Percolation-based precursors of transitions in extended systems ▶     Víctor Rodríguez-Méndez, Víctor M. Eguíluz M, Emilio Hernández-García et al.     Abrupt transitions are ubiquitous in the dynamics of complex systems. Finding precursors, i.e. early indicators of their arrival, is fundamental in many areas of science ranging …             Uncovering the Relationship between Sulphation Patterns and Conformation of Iduronic Acid in Heparan Sulphate ▶     Po-Hung Hsieh, David F. Thieker, Marco Guerrini et al.     The L-iduronic acid (IdoA) residue is a critically important structural component in heparan sulphate polysaccharide for the biological functions. The pyranose ring of IdoA is …             Structures and electrical properties of single nanoparticle junctions assembled using LaC2-encapsulating carbon nanocapsules ▶     Manabu Tezura, Tokushi Kizuka     As the miniaturization of integrated circuits advances, electronics using single molecules and nanosize particles are being studied increasingly. Single nanoparticle junctions …             High-quality III-nitride films on conductive, transparent (2̅01)-oriented β-Ga2O3 using a GaN buffer layer ▶     M. M. Muhammed, M. A. Roldan, Y. Yamashita et al.     We demonstrate the high structural and optical properties of InxGa1−xN epilayers (0 ≤ x ≤ 23) grown on conductive and transparent (01)-oriented β-Ga2O3 substrates using a …             A noise model for the evaluation of defect states in solar cells ▶     G. Landi, C. Barone, C. Mauro et al.     A theoretical model, combining trapping/detrapping and recombination mechanisms, is formulated to explain the origin of random current fluctuations in silicon-based solar cells. …             An interdisciplinary approach to study individuality in biological and physical systems functioning ▶     V. P. Mygal, A. V. But, G. V. Mygal et al.     Signals of system functioning of different nature are presented in the parameter space (state-velocity-acceleration) as a trajectory of dynamic events. Such signals …             Shell-ferromagnetism of nano-Heuslers generated by segregation under magnetic field ▶     A. Çakır, M. Acet, M. Farle     We report on a new functional property in an AF martensitic Heusler Ni50Mn45In5, which when annealed at high temperatures under a magnetic field, segregates and forms Ni50Mn25In25…             Universality of the electrical transport in granular metals ▶     Hicham Bakkali, Manuel Dominguez, Xavier Batlle et al.     The universality of the ac electrical transport in granular metals has been scarcely studied and the actual mechanisms involved in the scaling laws are not well understood. …             Deterministic distribution of four-photon Dicke state over an arbitrary collective-noise channel with cross-Kerr nonlinearity ▶     Mei-Yu Wang, Feng-Li Yan, Ting Gao     We present two deterministic quantum entanglement distribution protocols for a four-photon Dicke polarization entangled state resorting to the frequency and spatial degrees of …             The High Radiosensitizing Efficiency of a Trace of Gadolinium-Based Nanoparticles in Tumors ▶     Sandrine Dufort, Géraldine Le Duc, Murielle Salomé et al.     We recently developed the synthesis of ultrasmall gadolinium-based nanoparticles (GBN), (hydrodynamic diameter <5 nm) characterized by a safe behavior after intravenous injection …             Polar Spinel-Perovskite Interfaces: an atomistic study of Fe3O4(111)/SrTiO3(111) structure and functionality ▶     Daniel Gilks, Keith P. McKenna, Zlatko Nedelkoski et al.     Atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy combined with ab initio electronic calculations are used to determine the …             Quantum steering of Gaussian states via non-Gaussian measurements ▶     Se-Wan Ji, Jaehak Lee, Jiyong Park et al.     Quantum steering—a strong correlation to be verified even when one party or its measuring device is fully untrusted—not only provides a profound insight into quantum physics but …             Highly Selective Enrichment of Glycopeptides Based on Zwitterionically Functionalized Soluble Nanopolymers ▶     Weiqian Cao, Jiangming Huang, Biyun Jiang et al.     Efficient glycopeptides enrichment prior to mass spectrometry analysis is essential for glycoproteome study. ZIC-HILIC (zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid …             Methodology for Quantitative Characterization of Fluorophore Photoswitching to Predict Superresolution Microscopy Image Quality ▶     Amy M. Bittel, Andrew Nickerson, Isaac S. Saldivar et al.     Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) image quality and resolution strongly depend on the photoswitching properties of fluorophores used for sample labeling. Development …             A composite light-harvesting layer from photoactive polymer and halide perovskite for planar heterojunction solar cells ▶     Heming Wang, Yaqub Rahaq, Vikas Kumar     A new route for fabrication of photoactive materials in organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells is presented in this report. Photoactive materials by blending a semiconductive …             Ultrafast decoherence dynamics govern photocarrier generation efficiencies in polymer solar cells ▶     Eleonora Vella, Hao Li, Pascal Grégoire et al.     All-organic-based photovoltaic solar cells have attracted considerable attention because of their low-cost processing and short energy payback time. In such systems the primary …             Transitions in a genetic transcriptional regulatory system under Lévy motion ▶     Yayun Zheng, Larissa Serdukova, Jinqiao Duan et al.     Based on a stochastic differential equation model for a single genetic regulatory system, we examine the dynamical effects of noisy fluctuations, arising in the synthesis …             Ultrahigh brilliance quasi-monochromatic MeV γ-rays based on self-synchronized all-optical Compton scattering ▶     Changhai Yu, Rong Qi, Wentao Wang et al.     Inverse Compton scattering between ultra-relativistic electrons and an intense laser field has been proposed as a major route to generate compact high-brightness and high-energy …             Subtractive Color Filters Based on a Silicon-Aluminum Hybrid-Nanodisk Metasurface Enabling Enhanced Color Purity ▶     Wenjing Yue, Song Gao, Sang-Shin Lee et al.     Highly efficient subtractive tri-color filters of cyan, magenta, and yellow with enhanced color purity and robustness have been proposed and realized, by exploiting a …             Sub-wavelength Unidirectional Antenna Realized by Stacked Spoof Localized Surface Plasmon Resonators ▶     Feifei Qin, Qiang Zhang, Jun-Jun Xiao     The use of resonant structures to control scattering strength and directionality is of importance in various electromagnetic systems. Here we propose and demonstrate …             Optimizing the Dopant and Carrier Concentration of Ca5Al2Sb6 for High Thermoelectric Efficiency ▶     Yuli Yan, Guangbiao Zhang, Chao Wang et al.     The effects of doping on the transport properties of Ca5Al2Sb6 are investigated using first-principles electronic structure methods and Boltzmann transport theory. The calculated …             Comprehensive design of omnidirectional high-performance perovskite solar cells ▶     Yutao Zhang, Yimin Xuan     The comprehensive design approach is established with coupled optical-electrical simulation for perovskite-based solar cell, which emerged as one of the most promising …             Beyond endoscopic assessment in inflammatory bowel disease: real-time histology of disease activity by non-linear multimodal imaging ▶     Olga Chernavskaia, Sandro Heuke, Michael Vieth et al.     Assessing disease activity is a prerequisite for an adequate treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition to …             Influence of Metal Diboride and Dy2O3 Additions on Microstructure and Properties of MgB2 Fabricated at High Temperatures and under Pressure ▶     Y. Yang, M. D. Sumption, E. W. Collings     High temperatures and under pressure (HTP) processing has been used to study the effects of chemical doping in MgB2. ZrB2, TiB2 and NbB2 were selected as additives since, like MgB…             Radicalization and Radical Catalysis of Biomass Sugars: Insights from First-principles Studies ▶     Gang Yang, Chang Zhu, Xianli Zou et al.     Ab initio and density functional calculations are conducted to investigate the radicalization processes and radical catalysis of biomass sugars. Structural alterations due to …             Parametric instability of optical non-Hermitian systems near the exceptional point ▶     A. A. Zyablovsky, E. S. Andrianov, A. A. Pukhov     In contrast to Hermitian systems, the modes of non-Hermitian systems are generally nonorthogonal. As a result, the power of the system signal depends not only on the mode …             Multimodal Imaging of Nanocomposite Microspheres for Transcatheter Intra-Arterial Drug Delivery to Liver Tumors ▶     Dong-Hyun Kim, Weiguo Li, Jeane Chen et al.     A modern multi-functional drug carrier is critically needed to improve the efficacy of image-guided catheter-directed approaches for the treatment of hepatic malignancies. For …             Eco-friendly nitrogen-containing carbon encapsulated LiMn2O4 cathodes to enhance the electrochemical properties in rechargeable Li-ion batteries ▶     P. Robert Ilango, K. Prasanna, Su Jung Do et al.     This study describes the synthesis of nitrogen-containing carbon (N-C) and an approach to apply the N-C material as a surface encapsulant of LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathode material. The N …             The reactive element effect of ceria particle dispersion on alumina growth: A model based on microstructural observations ▶     X. Wang, X. Peng, X. Tan et al.     The oxidation kinetics of alumina-forming metals can be affected by adding a small amount of a reactive (normally rare earth) element oxide (RExOy) and the segregation of the …             Dual band metamaterial perfect absorber based on artificial dielectric “molecules” ▶     Xiaoming Liu, Chuwen Lan, Bo Li et al.     Dual band metamaterial perfect absorbers with two absorption bands are highly desirable because of their potential application areas such as detectors, transceiver system, and …             A cross-shear deformation for optimizing the strength and ductility of AZ31 magnesium alloys ▶     Kotiba Hamad, Young Gun Ko     Magnesium alloys have recently attracted great interest due their lightweight and high specific strength. However, because of their hexagonal close-packed structure, they have …             Coarsening behaviour of M23C6 carbides in creep-resistant steel exposed to high temperatures ▶     M. Godec, D. A. Skobir Balantič     High operating temperatures can have very deleterious effects on the long-term performance of high-Cr, creep-resistant steels used, for example, in the structural components of …             Magnetic Tunnel Junction Based Long-Term Short-Term Stochastic Synapse for a Spiking Neural Network with On-Chip STDP Learning ▶     Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan, Abhronil Sengupta, Kaushik Roy     Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as a powerful neuromorphic computing paradigm to carry out classification and recognition tasks. Nevertheless, the general purpose …             Polymer physics of chromosome large-scale 3D organisation ▶     Andrea M. Chiariello, Carlo Annunziatella, Simona Bianco et al.     Chromosomes have a complex architecture in the cell nucleus, which serves vital functional purposes, yet its structure and folding mechanisms remain still incompletely …             A general framework for the Quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects ▶     Adam Zaman Chaudhry     Repeated measurements can slow down (the quantum Zeno effect) or speed up (the quantum anti-Zeno effect) the temporal evolution of a quantum system. In this paper, a general …             Nanogenerators consisting of direct-grown piezoelectrics on multi-walled carbon nanotubes using flexoelectric effects ▶     Jin Kyu Han, Do Hyun Jeon, Sam Yeon Cho et al.     We report the first attempt to prepare a flexoelectric nanogenerator consisting of direct-grown piezoelectrics on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwCNT). Direct-grown …             One-Dimensional ZnO/Gold Junction for Simultaneous and Versatile Multisensing Measurements ▶     Beatrice Miccoli, Valentina Cauda, Alberto Bonanno et al.     The sensing capabilities of zinc oxide nano/micro-structures have been widely investigated and these structures are frequently used in the fabrication of cutting-edge sensors. …             Polymeric nanocapsules with up-converting nanocrystals cargo make ideal fluorescent bioprobes ▶     U. Bazylińska, D. Wawrzyńczyk, J. Kulbacka et al.     An innovative approach for up-converting nanoparticles adaptation for bio-related and theranostic applications is presented. We have successfully encapsulated multiple, ~8 nm in …             Survivability of Deterministic Dynamical Systems ▶     Frank Hellmann, Paul Schultz, Carsten Grabow et al.     The notion of a part of phase space containing desired (or allowed) states of a dynamical system is important in a wide range of complex systems research. It has been called the …             Increased variability in ApcMin/+ intestinal tissue can be measured with microultrasound ▶     A. Fatehullah, S. Sharma, I. P. Newton et al.     Altered tissue structure is a feature of many disease states and is usually measured by microscopic methods, limiting analysis to small areas. Means to rapidly and quantitatively …             Advanced nanoporous TiO2 photocatalysts by hydrogen plasma for efficient solar-light photocatalytic application ▶     Ha-Rim An, So Young Park, Hyeran Kim et al.     We report an effect involving hydrogen (H2)-plasma-treated nanoporous TiO2(H-TiO2) photocatalysts that improve photocatalytic performance under solar-light illumination. H-TiO2 …             Linear dependence of surface expansion speed on initial plasma temperature in warm dense matter ▶     W. Bang, B. J. Albright, P. A. Bradley et al.     Recent progress in laser-driven quasi-monoenergetic ion beams enabled the production of uniformly heated warm dense matter. Matter heated rapidly with this technique is under …             Novel Self-shrinking Mask for Sub-3 nm Pattern Fabrication ▶     Po-Shuan Yang, Po-Hsien Cheng, C. Robert Kao et al.     It is very difficult to realize sub-3 nm patterns using conventional lithography for next-generation high-performance nanosensing, photonic, and computing devices. Here we …             Atomic-scale Studies of Uranium Oxidation and Corrosion by Water Vapour ▶     T. L. Martin, C. Coe, P. A. J. Bagot et al.     Understanding the corrosion of uranium is important for its safe, long-term storage. Uranium metal corrodes rapidly in air, but the exact mechanism remains subject to debate. …             Electronic Conduction in Ti/Poly-TiO2/Ti Structures ▶     Faramarz Hossein-Babaei, Navid Alaei-Sheini     Recent intensive investigations on metal/metal oxide/metal structures have targeted nanometric single grain oxides at high electric fields. Similar research on thicker …             Thickness Considerations of Two-Dimensional Layered Semiconductors for Transistor Applications ▶     Youwei Zhang, Hui Li, Haomin Wang et al.     Layered two-dimensional semiconductors have attracted tremendous attention owing to their demonstrated excellent transistor switching characteristics with a large ratio of …             X-ray detection with zinc-blende (cubic) GaN Schottky diodes ▶     T. Gohil, J. Whale, G. Lioliou et al.     The room temperature X-ray responses as functions of time of two n type cubic GaN Schottky diodes (200 μm and 400 μm diameters) are reported. The current densities as functions …             Strong and Anomalous Thermal Expansion Precedes the Thermosalient Effect in Dynamic Molecular Crystals ▶     Manas K. Panda, Roberto Centore, Mauro Causà et al.     The ability of thermosalient solids, organic analogues of inorganic martensites, to move by rapid mechanical reconfiguration or ballistic event remains visually appealing and …             Exciton Relaxation Dynamics in Photo-Excited CsPbI3 Perovskite Nanocrystals ▶     Qinghui Liu, Yinghui Wang, Ning Sui et al.     The exciton relaxation process of CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) has been investigated by using transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The hot exciton relaxation process …             ZIF-8 Derived, Nitrogen-Doped Porous Electrodes of Carbon Polyhedron Particles for High-Performance Electrosorption of Salt Ions ▶     Nei-Ling Liu, Saikat Dutta, Rahul R. Salunkhe et al.     Three-dimensional (3-D) ZIF-8 derived carbon polyhedrons with high nitrogen (N) content, (denoted as NC-800) are synthesized for their application as high-performance electrodes …             Localized spatially nonlinear matter waves in atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates with space-modulated nonlinearity ▶     Yu-Qin Yao, Ji Li, Wei Han et al.     The intrinsic nonlinearity is the most remarkable characteristic of the Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) systems. Many studies have been done on atomic BECs with time- and space- …             Qubit lattice coherence induced by electromagnetic pulses in superconducting metamaterials ▶     Z. Ivić, N. Lazarides, G. P. Tsironis     Quantum bits (qubits) are at the heart of quantum information processing schemes. Currently, solid-state qubits, and in particular the superconducting ones, seem to satisfy the …             Transmission enhancement based on strong interference in metal-semiconductor layered film for energy harvesting ▶     Qiang Li, Kaikai Du, Kening Mao et al.     A fundamental strategy to enhance optical transmission through a continuous metallic film based on strong interference dominated by interface phase shift is developed. In a …             Atomic structure and oxygen deficiency of the ultrathin aluminium oxide barrier in Al/AlOx/Al Josephson junctions ▶     Lunjie Zeng, Dung Trung Tran, Cheuk-Wai Tai et al.     Al/AlOx/Al Josephson junctions are the building blocks of a wide range of superconducting quantum devices that are key elements for quantum computers, extremely sensitive …             Spin texture of time-reversal symmetry invariant surface states on W(110) ▶     D. Kutnyakhov, S. Chernov, K. Medjanik et al.     We find in the case of W(110) previously overlooked anomalous surface states having their spin locked at right angle to their momentum using spin-resolved momentum microscopy. In …             Bonding-restricted structure search for novel 2D materials with dispersed C2 dimers ▶     Cunzhi Zhang, Shunhong Zhang, Qian Wang     Currently, the available algorithms for unbiased structure searches are primarily atom-based, where atoms are manipulated as the elementary units, and energy is used as the …             Fracture behaviors of ceramic tissue scaffolds for load bearing applications ▶     Ali Entezari, Seyed-Iman Roohani-Esfahani, Zhongpu Zhang et al.     Healing large bone defects, especially in weight-bearing locations, remains a challenge using available synthetic ceramic scaffolds. Manufactured as a scaffold using 3D printing …             The vicinity of hyper-honeycomb β-Li2IrO3 to a three-dimensional Kitaev spin liquid state ▶     Vamshi M. Katukuri, Ravi Yadav, Liviu Hozoi et al.     Due to the combination of a substantial spin-orbit coupling and correlation effects, iridium oxides hold a prominent place in the search for novel quantum states of matter, …             Continuous leaky-wave scanning using periodically modulated spoof plasmonic waveguide ▶     Gu Sheng Kong, Hui Feng Ma, Ben Geng Cai et al.     The plasmonic waveguide made of uniform corrugated metallic strip can support and guide spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) with high confinements. Here, we propose …             Selectable Ultrasensitive Detection of Hg2+ with Rhodamine 6G-Modified Nanoporous Gold Optical Sensor ▶     Zheng Wang, Min Yang, Chao Chen et al.     An extremely sensitive fluorescence sensor has been developed for selectively detection of mercury ions based on metallophilic Hg2+-Au+ interactions, which results in an …             Iron(II) supramolecular helicates interfere with the HIV-1 Tat–TAR RNA interaction critical for viral replication ▶     Jaroslav Malina, Michael J. Hannon, Viktor Brabec     The interaction between the HIV-1 transactivator protein Tat and TAR (transactivation responsive region) RNA, plays a critical role in HIV-1 transcription. Iron(II) …             Electrical characterization of DNA supported on nitrocellulose membranes ▶     Mahmoud Al Ahmad, Reham M. Milhem, Neena G. Panicker et al.     Integrated DNA-based nanoscale electronic devices will enable the continued realization of Moore’s Law at the level of functional devices and systems. In this work, the …             Roles of Energy/Charge Cascades and Intermixed Layers at Donor/Acceptor Interfaces in Organic Solar Cells ▶     Kyohei Nakano, Kaori Suzuki, Yujiao Chen et al.     The secret to the success of mixed bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) in yielding highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) could reside in the molecular structures at their …             Promising Tools in Prostate Cancer Research: Selective Non-Steroidal Cytochrome P450 17A1 Inhibitors ▶     Silvia Bonomo, Cecilie H. Hansen, Elyse M. Petrunak et al.     Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) is an important target in the treatment of prostate cancer because it produces androgens required for tumour growth. The FDA has approved only one …               Earth & Environmental Sciences ▲ top               Effects of stubble and mulching on soil erosion by wind in semi-arid China ▶     Peifei Cong, Guanghua Yin, Jian Gu     Soil erosion is a growing challenge for agricultural production in Northern China. To explore the effect of variation in stubble height and mulching biomass on soil erosion …             Predictability of Precipitation Over the Conterminous U.S. Based on the CMIP5 Multi-Model Ensemble ▶     Mingkai Jiang, Benjamin S. Felzer, Dork Sahagian     Characterizing precipitation seasonality and variability in the face of future uncertainty is important for a well-informed climate change adaptation strategy. Using the Colwell …             Distributed lag effects and vulnerable groups of floods on bacillary dysentery in Huaihua, China ▶     Zhi-Dong Liu, Jing Li, Ying Zhang et al.     Understanding the potential links between floods and bacillary dysentery in China is important to develop appropriate intervention programs after floods. This study aimed to …             CO2 and fire influence tropical ecosystem stability in response to climate change ▶     Timothy M. Shanahan, Konrad A. Hughen, Nicholas P. McKay et al.     Interactions between climate, fire and CO2 are believed to play a crucial role in controlling the distributions of tropical woodlands and savannas, but our understanding of these …             Abundance and sinking of particulate black carbon in the western Arctic and Subarctic Oceans ▶     Ziming Fang, Weifeng Yang, Min Chen et al.     The abundance and sinking of particulate black carbon (PBC) were examined for the first time in the western Arctic and Subarctic Oceans. In the central Arctic Ocean, high PBC …             Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling Effect on Intense Tropical Cyclone Distribution and its Future Change with 60 km-AOGCM ▶     Tomomichi Ogata, Ryo Mizuta, Yukimasa Adachi et al.     Atmosphere-ocean coupling effect on the frequency distribution of tropical cyclones (TCs) and its future change is studied using an atmosphere and ocean coupled general …             In-situ Adsorption-Biological Combined Technology Treating Sediment Phosphorus in all Fractions ▶     Y. Zhang, C. Wang, F. He et al.     The removal efficiency of sediment phosphorus (P) in all fractions with in-situ adsorption-biological combined technology was studied in West Lake, Hangzhou, China. The removal …             Detection of methoxylated and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls in sewage sludge in China with evidence for their microbial transformation ▶     Jianteng Sun, Lizhong Zhu, Lili Pan et al.     The concentrations of methoxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (MeO-PCBs) and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) were measured in the sewage sludge samples collected …             Gas-phase hydrolysis of triplet SO2: A possible direct route to atmospheric acid formation ▶     D. James Donaldson, Jay A. Kroll, Veronica Vaida     Sulfur chemistry is of great interest to the atmospheric chemistry of several planets. In the presence of water, oxidized sulfur can lead to new particle formation, influencing …             Global climate change driven by soot at the K-Pg boundary as the cause of the mass extinction ▶     Kunio Kaiho, Naga Oshima, Kouji Adachi et al.     The mass extinction of life 66 million years ago at the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary, marked by the extinctions of dinosaurs and shallow marine organisms, is important because …             Uplift-driven sediment redness decrease at ~16.5 Ma in the Yumen Basin along the northeastern Tibetan Plateau ▶     Weitao Wang, Peizhen Zhang, Wenjun Zheng et al.     Significant climate shifts in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau have taken place during the Cenozoic, but the reasons behind them remain unclear. In order to unravel the …             On the use of composite analyses to form physical hypotheses: An example from heat wave – SST associations ▶     Ghyslaine Boschat, Ian Simmonds, Ariaan Purich et al.     This paper highlights some caveats in using composite analyses to form physical hypotheses on the associations between environmental variables. This is illustrated using a …             Mediterranean circulation perturbations over the last five centuries: Relevance to past Eastern Mediterranean Transient-type events ▶     Alessandro Incarbona, Belen Martrat, P. Graham Mortyn et al.     The Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) occurred in the Aegean Sea from 1988 to 1995 and is the most significant intermediate-to-deep Mediterranean overturning perturbation …             Neonicotinoid-contaminated pollinator strips adjacent to cropland reduce honey bee nutritional status ▶     Christina L. Mogren, Jonathan G. Lundgren     Worldwide pollinator declines are attributed to a number of factors, including pesticide exposures. Neonicotinoid insecticides specifically have been detected in surface waters, …             A composite light-harvesting layer from photoactive polymer and halide perovskite for planar heterojunction solar cells ▶     Heming Wang, Yaqub Rahaq, Vikas Kumar     A new route for fabrication of photoactive materials in organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells is presented in this report. Photoactive materials by blending a semiconductive …             Environmental Exposure to Cadmium: Health Risk Assessment and its Associations with Hypertension and Impaired Kidney Function ▶     Haiyun Wu, Qilin Liao, Steven N. Chillrud et al.     Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal. This study was aimed to estimate the potential health risks in a Cd-polluted district in China, and examine the relationship between urinary …             Dynamics of dental evolution in ornithopod dinosaurs ▶     Edward Strickson, Albert Prieto-Márquez, Michael J. Benton et al.     Ornithopods were key herbivorous dinosaurs in Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems, with a variety of tooth morphologies. Several clades, especially the ‘duck-billed’ hadrosaurids, …             Carbon Storage Patterns of Caragana korshinskii in Areas of Reduced Environmental Moisture on the Loess Plateau, China ▶     Chunmei Gong, Juan Bai, Junhui Wang et al.     Precipitation patterns are influenced by climate change and profoundly alter the carbon sequestration potential of ecosystems. Carbon uptake by shrubbery alone accounts for …             Development of near-zero water consumption cement materials via the geopolymerization of tektites and its implication for lunar construction ▶     Kai-tuo Wang, Qing Tang, Xue-min Cui et al.     The environment on the lunar surface poses some difficult challenges to building long-term lunar bases; therefore, scientists and engineers have proposed the creation of habitats …             The discovery of the Amazonian tree flora with an updated checklist of all known tree taxa ▶     Hans ter Steege, Rens W. Vaessen, Dairon Cárdenas-López et al.     Amazonia is the most biodiverse rainforest on Earth, and the debate over how many tree species grow there remains contentious. Here we provide a checklist of all tree species …             The roles of amensalistic and commensalistic interactions in large ecological network stability ▶     Akihiko Mougi     Ecological communities comprise diverse species and their interactions. Notably, ecological and evolutionary studies have revealed that reciprocal interactions such as …             Advanced nanoporous TiO2 photocatalysts by hydrogen plasma for efficient solar-light photocatalytic application ▶     Ha-Rim An, So Young Park, Hyeran Kim et al.     We report an effect involving hydrogen (H2)-plasma-treated nanoporous TiO2(H-TiO2) photocatalysts that improve photocatalytic performance under solar-light illumination. H-TiO2 …             Disentangling adaptive evolutionary radiations and the role of diet in promoting diversification on islands ▶     Daniel DeMiguel     Although the initial formulation of modern concepts of adaptive radiation arose from consideration of the fossil data, rigorous attempts to identify this phenomenon in the fossil …             Optimized volume models of earthquake-triggered landslides ▶     Chong Xu, Xiwei Xu, Lingling Shen et al.     In this study, we proposed three optimized models for calculating the total volume of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan, China Mw 7.9 earthquake. First, we calculated the …             Deciduous trees are a large and overlooked sink for snowmelt water in the boreal forest ▶     Jessica M. Young-Robertson, W. Robert Bolton, Uma S. Bhatt et al.     The terrestrial water cycle contains large uncertainties that impact our understanding of water budgets and climate dynamics. Water storage is a key uncertainty in the boreal …             Decadal variability of tropical tropopause temperature and its relationship to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation ▶     Wuke Wang, Katja Matthes, Nour-Eddine Omrani et al.     Tropopause temperatures (TPTs) control the amount of stratospheric water vapour, which influences chemistry, radiation and circulation in the stratosphere, and is also an …             Key role in ecosystem functioning of scavengers reliant on a single common species ▶     Richard Inger, Esra Per, Daniel T.C. Cox et al.     The importance of species richness in maintaining ecosystem function in the field remains unclear. Recent studies however have suggested that in some systems functionality is …             Selectable Ultrasensitive Detection of Hg2+ with Rhodamine 6G-Modified Nanoporous Gold Optical Sensor ▶     Zheng Wang, Min Yang, Chao Chen et al.     An extremely sensitive fluorescence sensor has been developed for selectively detection of mercury ions based on metallophilic Hg2+-Au+ interactions, which results in an …               Health Sciences ▲ top               (4R,6S)-2-Dihydromenisdaurilide is a Butenolide that Efficiently Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Entry ▶     Chueh-Yao Chung, Ching-Hsuan Liu, Guey-Horng Wang et al.     Without a vaccine, hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a significant threat, putting 170–300 million carriers worldwide at risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although …             Value of Ki-67 expression in triple-negative breast cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with weekly paclitaxel plus carboplatin ▶     Ruo-Xi Wang, Sheng Chen, Xi Jin et al.     Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is one of the main treatment strategies for patients with locally advanced breast cancer. In this study, we focused on the predictive and …             Effect of Antifibrotic MicroRNAs Crosstalk on the Action of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline in Diabetes-related Kidney Fibrosis ▶     Swayam Prakash Srivastava, Sen Shi, Megumi Kanasaki et al.     N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP) is an endogenous antifibrotic peptide. We found that suppression of AcSDKP and induction of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which …             Sphenopalatine Ganglion Acupuncture Improves Nasal Ventilation and Modulates Autonomic Nervous Activity in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Controlled Study ▶     Kuiji Wang, Luquan Chen, Yang Wang et al.     The study aimed to assess the effects of Sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) acupuncture on nasal ventilation function and autonomic nervous system in health volunteers. 39 healthy …             EDN1 Gene Variant is Associated with Neonatal Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension ▶     Mei Mei, Guoqiang Cheng, Bijun Sun et al.     Recent studies have suggested associations between certain genetic variants and susceptibility to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). The aim of the study …             Association of germline genetic variants in RFC, IL15 and VDR genes with minimal residual disease in pediatric B-cell precursor ALL ▶     Małgorzata Dawidowska, Maria Kosmalska, Łukasz Sędek et al.     Minimal residual disease (MRD) enables reliable assessment of risk in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, little is known on association between MRD status and germline …             Annexin A1 translocates to nucleus and promotes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a PKC-dependent manner after OGD/R ▶     Baoming Zhao, Jing Wang, Lu Liu et al.     Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a protein known to have multiple roles in the regulation of inflammatory responses. In this study, we find that after oxygen glucose …             Recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 strains with targeted mutations relevant for aciclovir susceptibility ▶     Anne-Kathrin Brunnemann, Kristin Liermann, Stefanie Deinhardt-Emmer et al.     Here, we describe a novel reliable method to assess the significance of individual mutations within the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to …             Relational Network for Knowledge Discovery through Heterogeneous Biomedical and Clinical Features ▶     Huaidong Chen, Wei Chen, Chenglin Liu et al.     Biomedical big data, as a whole, covers numerous features, while each dataset specifically delineates part of them. “Full feature spectrum” knowledge discovery across …             COMT and prenatal maternal smoking in associations with conduct problems and crime: the Pelotas 1993 birth cohort study ▶     Angélica Salatino-Oliveira, Joseph Murray, Christian Kieling et al.     Conduct problems in childhood and adolescence are significant precursors of crime and violence in young adulthood. The purpose of the current study is to test the interaction …             Distributed lag effects and vulnerable groups of floods on bacillary dysentery in Huaihua, China ▶     Zhi-Dong Liu, Jing Li, Ying Zhang et al.     Understanding the potential links between floods and bacillary dysentery in China is important to develop appropriate intervention programs after floods. This study aimed to …             Crosstalk between cystine and glutathione is critical for the regulation of amino acid signaling pathways and ferroptosis ▶     Xinlei Yu, Yun Chau Long     Although essential amino acids regulate mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the integrated stress response (ISR), the role of cysteine is unknown. We found …             Molecular Signature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Simultaneous Nanomolar Detection of Quorum Sensing Signaling Molecules at a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode ▶     Alyah Buzid, Fengjun Shang, F. Jerry Reen et al.     Electroanalysis was performed using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for the simultaneous detection of 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS), 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline …             LRRK2 and RAB7L1 coordinately regulate axonal morphology and lysosome integrity in diverse cellular contexts ▶     Tomoki Kuwahara, Keiichi Inoue, Vivette D. D’Agati et al.     Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has been linked to several clinical disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Crohn’s disease, and leprosy. Furthermore in rodents, LRRK2 …             Patterns of metastasis in colon and rectal cancer ▶     Matias Riihimäki, Akseli Hemminki, Jan Sundquist et al.     Investigating epidemiology of metastatic colon and rectal cancer is challenging, because cancer registries seldom record metastatic sites. We used a population based approach to …             Copy number variation of E3 ubiquitin ligase genes in peripheral blood leukocyte and colorectal cancer ▶     Haoran Bi, Tian Tian, Lin Zhu et al.     Given that E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3) regulate specific protein degradation in many cancer-related biological processes. E3 copy number variation (CNV) may affect the development …             Mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising in Warthin’s tumor of the parotid gland: Clinicopathological characteristics and immunophenotypes ▶     Chunkai Yu, Zhigang Song, Zhibo Xiao et al.     Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), an extremely rare tumor, arises from the epithelial component of preexisting parotid Warthin tumors (WT). Among the 309 cases of surgically …             Clostridium Difficile Infection Worsen Outcome of Hospitalized Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease ▶     Ting Zhang, Qian-Yun Lin, Jia-Xi Fei et al.     The prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased rapidly over the past several decades in North …             Wound healing profiles of hyperopic-small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) ▶     Yu-Chi Liu, Heng Pei Ang, Ericia Pei Wen Teo et al.     Refractive surgical treatment of hyperopia still remains a challenge for refractive surgeons. A new nomogram of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure has recently …             Improved quality of life in patients with no-option critical limb ischemia undergoing gene therapy with DVC1-0101 ▶     Takuya Matsumoto, Michiko Tanaka, Keiji Yoshiya et al.     Critical limb ischemia (CLI) has a poor prognosis and adversely affects patients’ quality of life (QOL). Therapeutic angiogenesis may improve mobility, mortality, and QOL in CLI …             Proteomic Analysis of Human Brown Adipose Tissue Reveals Utilization of Coupled and Uncoupled Energy Expenditure Pathways ▶     Sebastian Müller, Miroslav Balaz, Patrik Stefanicka et al.     Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has become an attractive target to combat the current epidemical spread of obesity and its associated co-morbidities. Currently, information on …             Indole-3-carbinol protects against cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity: role of calcitonin gene-related peptide and insulin-like growth factor-1 ▶     Reem N. El-Naga, Yasmen F. Mahran     Nephrotoxicity associated with the clinical use of the anticancer drug cisplatin is a limiting problem. Thus, searching for new protective measures is required. Indole-3-carbinol …             Weight Gain in Infancy and Overweight or Obesity in Childhood across the Gestational Spectrum: a Prospective Birth Cohort Study ▶     Guoying Wang, Sara Johnson, Yiwei Gong et al.     This study aimed to investigate the optimal degree of weight gain across the gestational spectrum in 1971 children enrolled at birth and followed up to age 7 years. Weight gain …             Identification of MMP1 as a novel risk factor for intracranial aneurysms in ADPKD using iPSC models ▶     Tomonaga Ameku, Daisuke Taura, Masakatsu Sone et al.     Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and intracranial aneurysm (ICA) causing subarachnoid …             Adding Stiffness to the Foot Modulates Soleus Force-Velocity Behaviour during Human Walking ▶     Kota Z. Takahashi, Michael T. Gross, Herman van Werkhoven et al.     Previous studies of human locomotion indicate that foot and ankle structures can interact in complex ways. The structure of the foot defines the input and output lever arms that …             Adiponectin enhances bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell resistance to flow shear stress through AMP-activated protein kinase signaling ▶     Lin Zhao, Chongxi Fan, Yu Zhang et al.     Adiponectin has been demonstrated to protect the cardiovascular system and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, it is unclear whether adiponectin can protect …             Accuracy of autofluorescence in diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders: a comparative study with aero-digestive lesions ▶     Xiaobo Luo, Hao Xu, Mingjing He et al.     Presently, various studies had investigated the accuracy of autofluorescence in diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) …             Probiotic modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and behaviour in zebrafish ▶     Luca Borrelli, Serena Aceto, Claudio Agnisola et al.     The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the bi-directional gut–brain axis, a communication that integrates the gut and central nervous system (CNS) activities. Animal studies …             Diagnostic test accuracy of glutamate dehydrogenase for Clostridium difficile: Systematic review and meta-analysis ▶     Jun Arimoto, Nobuyuki Horita, Shingo Kato et al.     We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of detecting glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) based …             Glycosylation enables aesculin to activate Nrf2 ▶     Kyun Ha Kim, Hyunsu Park, Hee Jin Park et al.     Since aesculin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin-6-O-β-glucopyranoside, suppresses inflammation, we asked whether its anti-inflammatory activity is associated with the activation of nuclear …             Evaluation of a Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography for the Corneal Endothelium in an Animal Model ▶     Marcus Ang, Aris Konstantopoulos, Gwendoline Goh et al.     Recent developments in optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems for the cornea have limited resolution or acquisition speed. In this study we aim to evaluate the use of a …             Bystander autophagy mediated by radiation-induced exosomal miR-7-5p in non-targeted human bronchial epithelial cells ▶     Man Song, Yu Wang, Zeng-Fu Shang et al.     Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) describes a set of biological effects in non-targeted cells that receive bystander signals from the irradiated cells. RIBE brings …             Pre-hospital delay and its associated factors in first-ever stroke registered in communities from three cities in China ▶     Bin Jiang, Xiaojuan Ru, Haixin Sun et al.     This study aimed to explore pre-hospital delay and its associated factors in first-ever stroke registered in communities from three cities in China. The rates of delay greater …             N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) –based score can predict in-hospital mortality in patients with heart failure ▶     Ya-Ting Huang, Yuan-Teng Tseng, Tung-Wei Chu et al.     Serum N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) testing is recommended in the patients with heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that NT-pro-BNP, in combination with …             Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of Survivin Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis ▶     Yongpeng Xie, Xin Ma, Liangyou Gu et al.     Previous studies have elevated the prognostic value of survivin in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). To increase statistical power and improve translation, we systematically searched …             Intra-amniotic Candida albicans infection induces mucosal injury and inflammation in the ovine fetal intestine ▶     Maria Nikiforou, Esmee M.R. Jacobs, Matthew W. Kemp et al.     Chorioamnionitis is caused by intrauterine infection with microorganisms including Candida albicans (C.albicans). Chorioamnionitis is associated with postnatal intestinal …             ROCK1 reduces mitochondrial content and irisin production in muscle suppressing adipocyte browning and impairing insulin sensitivity ▶     Xiaoshuang Zhou, Rongshan Li, Xinyan Liu et al.     Irisin reportedly promotes the conversion of preadipocytes into “brown-like” adipocytes within subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) via a mechanism that stimulates UCP-1 …             Newly Diagnosed Anemia Increases Risk of Parkinson’s disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study ▶     Chien Tai Hong, Yao Hsien Huang, Hung Yi Liu et al.     Anemia and low hemoglobin have been identified to increase Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk. This population-based cohort study investigated PD risk in newly diagnosed anemic …             Association of Inter-arm Blood Pressure Difference with Asymptomatic Intracranial and Extracranial Arterial Stenosis in Hypertension Patients ▶     Yan Wang, Jin Zhang, Yuesheng Qian et al.     Inter-arm blood pressure (BP) difference has been associated with ischemic stroke. Local atherosclerosis of stroke differ among vulnerable individuals, whereas intracranial …             Transregional movement of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in north China: an underlying threat to tuberculosis control ▶     Jun An, Mengqiu Gao, Naihui Chu et al.     Due to unbalanced distribution of health care resource in China, tuberculosis patients, especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), prefer to suffer transregional …             Effect of paternal overweight or obesity on IVF treatment outcomes and the possible mechanisms involved ▶     Qingling Yang, Feifei Zhao, Linli Hu et al.     Leukocyte telomere lengths (LTLs) are shorter in obese compared with normal weight people. However, it is not known whether sperm telomere length (STL) is related to obesity. The …             Persisting and Increasing Neutrophil Infiltration Associates with Gastric Carcinogenesis and E-cadherin Downregulation ▶     Hualin Fu, Yue Ma, Meng Yang et al.     H. pylori-induced chronic inflammation is considered the most important cause of gastric cancer. The actual process how chronic inflammation triggers gastric carcinogenesis is …             Tripartite motif containing 28 (TRIM28) promotes breast cancer metastasis by stabilizing TWIST1 protein ▶     Chunli Wei, Jingliang Cheng, Boxv Zhou et al.     TRIM28 regulates its target genes at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Here we report that a TRIM28-TWIST1-EMT axis exists in breast cancer cells and TRIM28 …             Zwitterionic chitosan for the systemic treatment of sepsis ▶     Eun Jung Cho, Kyung-Oh Doh, Jinho Park et al.     Severe sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening conditions, with Gram-negative organisms responsible for most sepsis mortality. Systemic administration of compounds that …             New paradigms for understanding and step changes in treating active and chronic, persistent apicomplexan infections ▶     Martin McPhillie, Ying Zhou, Kamal El Bissati et al.     Toxoplasma gondii, the most common parasitic infection of human brain and eye, persists across lifetimes, can progressively damage sight, and is currently incurable. New, …             Transcriptomic analysis reveals abnormal muscle repair and remodeling in survivors of critical illness with sustained weakness ▶     Christopher J. Walsh, Jane Batt, Margaret S. Herridge et al.     IC acquired weakness (ICUAW) is a common complication of critical illness characterized by structural and functional impairment of skeletal muscle. The resulting physical …             Core-shell self-assembly triggered via a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction for reduced glutathione detection and single cells monitoring ▶     Zhen Zhang, Yuting Jiao, Yuanyuan Wang et al.     A novel core-shell DNA self-assembly catalyzed by thiol-disulfide exchange reactions was proposed, which could realize GSH-initiated hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for signal …             Environmental Exposure to Cadmium: Health Risk Assessment and its Associations with Hypertension and Impaired Kidney Function ▶     Haiyun Wu, Qilin Liao, Steven N. Chillrud et al.     Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal. This study was aimed to estimate the potential health risks in a Cd-polluted district in China, and examine the relationship between urinary …             Urothelial ATP exocytosis: regulation of bladder compliance in the urine storage phase ▶     Hiroshi Nakagomi, Mitsuharu Yoshiyama, Tsutomu Mochizuki et al.     The bladder urothelium is more than just a barrier. When the bladder is distended, the urothelium functions as a sensor to initiate the voiding reflex, during which it releases …             IgG subclass switching and clonal expansion in cutaneous melanoma and normal skin ▶     Louise Saul, Kristina M. Ilieva, Heather J. Bax et al.     B cells participate in immune surveillance in human circulation and tissues, including tumors such as melanoma. By contrast, the role of humoral responses in cutaneous immunity …             Oncogenic KRAS triggers MAPK-dependent errors in mitosis and MYC-dependent sensitivity to anti-mitotic agents ▶     David Perera, Ashok R. Venkitaraman     Oncogenic KRAS induces cell proliferation and transformation, but little is known about its effects on cell division. Functional genetic screens have recently revealed that …             AP-1/σ1A and AP-1/σ1B adaptor-proteins differentially regulate neuronal early endosome maturation via the Rab5/Vps34-pathway ▶     Ermes Candiello, Manuel Kratzke, Dirk Wenzel et al.     The σ1 subunit of the AP-1 clathrin-coated-vesicle adaptor-protein complex is expressed as three isoforms. Tissues express σ1A and one of the σ1B and σ1C isoforms. Brain is the …             Interferon regulatory factor 3 is a key regulation factor for inducing the expression of SAMHD1 in antiviral innate immunity ▶     Shen Yang, Yuan Zhan, Yanjun Zhou et al.     SAMHD1 is a type I interferon (IFN) inducible host innate immunity restriction factor that inhibits an early step of the viral life cycle. The underlying mechanisms of SAMHD1 …             Breast reconstruction with single-pedicle TRAM flap in breast cancer patients with low midline abdominal scar ▶     Jun-Dong Wu, Wen-He Huang, Si-Qi Qiu et al.     Breast reconstruction with transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap is challenging in patients with low midline abdominal scar. In this study, we aimed to investigate …             Implementing rapid, robust, cost-effective, patient-centred, routine genetic testing in ovarian cancer patients ▶     Angela George, Daniel Riddell, Sheila Seal et al.     Advances in DNA sequencing have made genetic testing fast and affordable, but limitations of testing processes are impeding realisation of patient benefits. Ovarian cancer …             Obtaining Human Ischemic Stroke Gene Expression Biomarkers from Animal Models: A Cross-species Validation Study ▶     Yingying Wang, Yunpeng Cai     Recent studies have revealed the systematic altering of gene expression in human peripheral blood during the early stages of ischemic stroke, which suggests a new potential …             Sex, Race, and Age Disparities in the Improvement of Survival for Gastrointestinal Cancer over Time ▶     Jue-feng Wan, Li-feng Yang, Yun-zhu Shen et al.     There have been notable improvements in survival over the past 2 decades for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. However, the degree of improvement by age, race, and sex remains …             Advances in mapping malaria for elimination: fine resolution modelling of Plasmodium falciparum incidence ▶     Victor A. Alegana, Peter M. Atkinson, Christopher Lourenço et al.     The long-term goal of the global effort to tackle malaria is national and regional elimination and eventually eradication. Fine scale multi-temporal mapping in low malaria …             A possible link between loading, inflammation and healing: Immune cell populations during tendon healing in the rat ▶     Parmis Blomgran, Robert Blomgran, Jan Ernerudh et al.     Loading influences tendon healing, and so does inflammation. We hypothesized that the two are connected. 48 rats underwent Achilles tendon transection. Half of the rats received …             Multimodal Imaging of Nanocomposite Microspheres for Transcatheter Intra-Arterial Drug Delivery to Liver Tumors ▶     Dong-Hyun Kim, Weiguo Li, Jeane Chen et al.     A modern multi-functional drug carrier is critically needed to improve the efficacy of image-guided catheter-directed approaches for the treatment of hepatic malignancies. For …             Therapeutic targeting of myeloid-derived suppressor cells involves a novel mechanism mediated by clusterin ▶     Junmin Zhou, Sarah S. Donatelli, Danielle L. Gilvary et al.     Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) constitute a key checkpoint that impedes tumor immunity against cancer. Chemotherapeutic intervention of MDSCs has gained ground as a …             Reduced TRMU expression increases the sensitivity of hair-cell-like HEI-OC-1 cells to neomycin damage in vitro ▶     Zuhong He, Shan Sun, Muhammad Waqas et al.     Aminoglycosides are ototoxic to the cochlear hair cells, and mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the major mechanisms behind ototoxic drug-induced hair cell death. TRM (tRNA …             Beyond endoscopic assessment in inflammatory bowel disease: real-time histology of disease activity by non-linear multimodal imaging ▶     Olga Chernavskaia, Sandro Heuke, Michael Vieth et al.     Assessing disease activity is a prerequisite for an adequate treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition to …             Increased variability in ApcMin/+ intestinal tissue can be measured with microultrasound ▶     A. Fatehullah, S. Sharma, I. P. Newton et al.     Altered tissue structure is a feature of many disease states and is usually measured by microscopic methods, limiting analysis to small areas. Means to rapidly and quantitatively …             Benzothiazinethione is a potent preclinical candidate for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis ▶     Chao Gao, Cuiting Peng, Yaojie Shi et al.     New chemotherapeutic compounds are needed to combat multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which remains a serious public-health challenge. …             Rotavirus acceleration of type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice depends on type I interferon signalling ▶     Jessica A. Pane, Fiona E. Fleming, Kate L. Graham et al.     Rotavirus infection is associated with childhood progression to type 1 diabetes. Infection by monkey rotavirus RRV accelerates diabetes onset in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, …             Predictors of response to pegylated interferon in chronic hepatitis B: a real-world hospital-based analysis ▶     Yin-Chen Wang, Sien-Sing Yang, Chien-Wei Su et al.     Information on the efficacy of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and predictors of the response based on real-world data is limited. …             Onionin A inhibits ovarian cancer progression by suppressing cancer cell proliferation and the protumour function of macrophages ▶     Junko Tsuboki, Yukio Fujiwara, Hasita Horlad et al.     It is well known that tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumour development by modulating the tumour microenvironment, and targeting of protumour …             Influence of donor–recipient sex mismatch on long-term survival of pancreatic grafts ▶     Zhiwei Li, Shengmin Mei, Jie Xiang et al.     To assess the role of sex mismatch on graft survival after pancreas transplantation. We evaluated 24,195 pancreas-transplant recipients reported in the Scientific Registry of …             Serum metabolomics profiles in response to n-3 fatty acids in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomised controlled trial ▶     Ju-Sheng Zheng, Mei Lin, Fumiaki Imamura et al.     We aimed to investigate the change of serum metabolomics in response to n-3 fatty acid supplements in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In a double-blind parallel …             Physical activity in young children and their parents–An Early STOPP Sweden–China comparison study ▶     Elin Johansson, Hong Mei, Lijuan Xiu et al.     Understanding about socio-cultural differences in physical activity in children with high and low risk for obesity can help tailor intervention programs in different settings. …             Delineation of autoantibody repertoire through differential proteogenomics in hepatitis C virus-induced cryoglobulinemia ▶     Masato Ogishi, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Kyoji Moriya et al.     Antibodies cross-reactive to pathogens and autoantigens are considered pivotal in both infection control and accompanying autoimmunity. However, the pathogenic roles of …             CHIP−/−-Mouse Liver: Adiponectin-AMPK-FOXO-Activation Overrides CYP2E1-Elicited JNK1-Activation, Delaying Onset of NASH: Therapeutic Implications ▶     Sung-Mi Kim, James P. Grenert, Cam Patterson et al.     Genetic ablation of C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) E3 ubiquitin-ligase impairs hepatic cytochrome P450 CYP2E1 degradation. Consequent CYP2E1 gain of function …             Disrupted topological organization of structural and functional brain connectomes in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis ▶     Ni Shu, Yunyun Duan, Mingrui Xia et al.     The brain connectome of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been investigated by several previous studies; however, it is still unknown how the network changes in clinically isolated …             Quantitative proteomics analysis of zebrafish exposed to sub-lethal dosages of β-methyl-amino-L-alanine (BMAA) ▶     Ann Kristin Frøyset, Essa Ahsan Khan, Kari Espolin Fladmark     The non-protein amino acid β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a neurotoxin present in microalgae and shown to accumulate in the food web. BMAA has been linked to the complex …             Post-exposure treatment with whole inactivated H5N1 avian influenza virus protects against lethal homologous virus infection in mice ▶     Mable Hagan, Charlene Ranadheera, Jonathan Audet et al.     Concerns with H5N1 influenza viruses include their prevalence in wild and domestic poultry, high mortality rate (~60%) in humans with some strains, lack of pre-existing immunity …             Joint effects of folate intake and one-carbon-metabolizing genetic polymorphisms on breast cancer risk: a case-control study in China ▶     Wei-Ping Luo, Bin Li, Fang-Yu Lin et al.     This study aimed to examine the joint effects of folate intake, polymorphisms of 5,10- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthesis reductase (MTRR) and …             Chronic hyperglycemia induced via the heterozygous knockout of Pdx1 worsens neuropathological lesion in an Alzheimer mouse model ▶     Chuang Guo, Shuai Zhang, Jia-Yi Li et al.     Compelling evidence has indicated that dysregulated glucose metabolism links Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) via glucose metabolic products. Nevertheless, …             Investigating poultry trade patterns to guide avian influenza surveillance and control: a case study in Vietnam ▶     Guillaume Fournié, Astrid Tripodi, Thi Thanh Thuy Nguyen et al.     Live bird markets are often the focus of surveillance activities monitoring avian influenza viruses (AIV) circulating in poultry. However, in order to ensure a high sensitivity …             Polymorphisms in the Mannose-Binding Lectin Gene are Associated with Defective Mannose-Binding Lectin Functional Activity in Crohn’s Disease Patients ▶     Laura Choteau, Francis Vasseur, Frederic Lepretre et al.     Mannose-binding lectin, together with mannose-associated serine proteases, activates the lectin pathway of the complement system and subsequent inflammatory mechanisms. An …             Expression of osteoprotegerin and its ligands, RANKL and TRAIL, in rheumatoid arthritis ▶     Sara Remuzgo-Martínez, Fernanda Genre, Raquel López-Mejías et al.     Osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-ΚB ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) have been involved in rheumatoid …             Chronic Glutathione Depletion Confers Protection against Alcohol-induced Steatosis: Implication for Redox Activation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase Pathway ▶     Ying Chen, Surendra Singh, Akiko Matsumoto et al.     The pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is not well established. 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