Nature Photonics contents March 2014 Volume 8 Number 3 pp161-264

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Advertisement Advance Your Materials: The Best Materials Analysis Just Got Better Do you perform R&D or QA/QC analysis of advanced materials such as coatings or thin films? Be among the first to learn how Agilent's unique universal measurement spectrophotometer (UMS) will advance your materials analysis. Discover how you can measure what others cannot. TABLE OF CONTENTS March 2014 Volume 8, Issue 3 Editorial Commentary Research Highlights News and Views Reviews Letters Articles Corrigenda Interview Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Nature Photonics: Focus on attosecond photonics  Attosecond photonics, currently one of the most promising branches of modern photonics, is progressing at an extremely rapid pace. Although still in its infancy, it has already captured the imagination of the scientific community with its promise of enhancing our understanding of ultrafast phenomena of direct relevance to life, technology and potentially medicine. Selected content free online.    Editorial Top A matter of time   p161 doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.51 Although still in its infancy, attosecond science has already captured the imagination of the scientific community with its promise of enabling rapidly evolving phenomena in nature to be investigated. Commentary Top What will it take to observe processes in 'real time'?   pp162 - 166 Stephen R. Leone, C. William McCurdy, Joachim Burgdorfer, Lorenz S. Cederbaum, Zenghu Chang et al. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.48 Even for simple systems, the interpretations of new attosecond measurements are complicated and provide only a glimpse of their potential. Nonetheless, the lasting impact will be the revelation of how short-time dynamics can determine the electronic properties of more complex systems. Research Highlights Top Raman spectroscopy: Phone sensing | Graphene plasmons: Single-photon nonlinearity | Spectroscopy: Frequency comb power | Quantum optics: Robust entanglement | Magnetic fluids: Magnetic-field sensor | Terahertz optics: Micropillar lasers | Molecular lasers: Methanol spans far infrared | Photoactuators: Nanotube motors | Nonlinear optics: Phase match freedom | Nonlinear optics: A twister of light bullets News and Views Top Plasmonics: Small and fast plasmonic modulator   pp171 - 172 Min-Hsiung Shih doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.41 Researchers have demonstrated a compact, high-speed, surface-plasmon phase modulator that operates at telecommunication wavelengths over a wide range of operational conditions. It has the potential to boost the speed of future miniaturized integrated circuits. See also: Letter by Melikyan et al. Optical materials: Nanostructured paper   p172 Noriaki Horiuchi doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.43 Imaging: White-light diffraction tomography   pp173 - 174 Arno Bouwens and Theo Lasser doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.44 A clever extension to a classic phase-contrast microscope allows speckle-free three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging of living cells in a tomographic imaging mode. See also: Article by Kim et al. Quantum optics: Push-button photon entanglement   pp174 - 176 Chao-Yang Lu and Jian-Wei Pan doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.29 A source of entangled photons that emits one — and only one — pair of photons on demand has now been realized in a semiconductor chip. The solid-state source will be a useful resource for experiments in optical quantum information. See also: Letter by Muller et al. Photonics JOBS of the week PhD Position- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices EPFL - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Technology Lausanne PhD Studentship in Nonlinear Photonics University of Sussex nano-photonics FEMTO-ST Institute/optics Dept PhD in optics of novel 2D materials beyond graphene The University of Sheffield Ultrafast laser development Heriot-Watt University More Science jobs from Photonics EVENT SPIE Optics + Photonics Exhibition 2014 19.08.14 San Diego, USA More science events from Reviews Top The generation, characterization and applications of broadband isolated attosecond pulses   pp178 - 186 Michael Chini, Kun Zhao and Zenghu Chang doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.362 This review discusses significant recent advances in the generation, characterization and application of ultrabroadband isolated attosecond pulses with a spectral bandwidth comparable to the central frequency, which can in principle be compressed to a single optical cycle. Manipulating quantum paths for novel attosecond measurement methods   pp187 - 194 Kyung Taec Kim, D. M. Villeneuve and P. B. Corkum doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.26 Attosecond light pulses are used for ultrahigh-resolution observations of ultrafast phenomena in atoms, molecules and condensed matter. Measuring the durations of such pulses is challenging because the spectrum lies in the vacuum ultraviolet or soft-X-ray range. This article reviews and compares two methods — photoionization and photorecombination — for measuring the duration of attosecond pulses. Attosecond molecular dynamics: fact or fiction?   pp195 - 204 Franck Lepine, Misha Y. Ivanov and Marc J. J. Vrakking doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.25 Attosecond science allows the role of electronic coherence in the control of chemical reactions in molecular systems to be investigated. This article reviews recent activities in attosecond molecular science and identifies some promising directions for further development. Attosecond metrology: from electron capture to future signal processing   pp205 - 213 Ferenc Krausz and Mark I. Stockman doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.28 This article reviews the basic concepts underlying attosecond measurement and control techniques. Emphasis is given to exploring the fundamental speed limit of electronic signal processing that employs ultimate-speed electron metrology provided by attosecond technology. Letters Top Solid-state light-phase detector   pp214 - 218 Tim Paasch-Colberg, Agustin Schiffrin, Nicholas Karpowicz, Stanislav Kruchinin, Ozge Saglam et al. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.348 A solid-state device is demonstrated that can detect the absolute offset between the carrier wave and envelope of an ultrashort pulse, the carrier-envelope phase. It holds promise for routine measurement and monitoring of the carrier-envelope phase in attosecond experimental set-ups. Spectral purity transfer between optical wavelengths at the 10-18 level   pp219 - 223 Daniele Nicolodi, Berengere Argence, Wei Zhang, Rodolphe Le Targat, Giorgio Santarelli et al. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.361 An optical-frequency comb-based scheme is demonstrated that transfers a 4.5 × 10-16 fractional frequency stability from a 1,062-nm-wavelength laser to a 1,542-nm-wavelength laser. Transfer is also reported down to 4 × 10-18 at 1 s, which is one order of magnitude below that of previously reported work with comparable systems. See also: Interview with Yann Le Coq On-demand generation of indistinguishable polarization-entangled photon pairs   pp224 - 228 M. Muller, S. Bounouar, K. D. Jons, M. Glassl and P. Michler doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.377 Polarization-entangled photon pairs are generated from an In(Ga)As quantum dot by setting the pump intensity such that the inversion of the quantum dot from the ground to the biexcitonic state is the most probable transition. On-demand generation is demonstrated with an ultrahigh purity, a high entanglement fidelity and high two-photon-interference non-post-selective visibilities. See also: News and Views by Lu & Pan High-speed plasmonic phase modulators   pp229 - 233 A. Melikyan, L. Alloatti, A. Muslija, D. Hillerkuss, P. C. Schindler et al. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.9 A phase modulator that is only 29 µm long and operates at 65 GHz is demonstrated using plasmonics and the Pockels effect in a nonlinear polymer. The device operates across a 120-nm-wide wavelength range centred on 1,550 nm and at temperatures up to 85 °C. See also: News and Views by Shih A quantum memory for orbital angular momentum photonic qubits   pp234 - 238 A. Nicolas, L. Veissier, L. Giner, E. Giacobino, D. Maxein et al. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.355 A quantum memory for orbital angular momentum qubits is demonstrated in the single-photon regime. It is based on cold cesium atoms and the dynamic electromagnetically induced transparency protocol. Retrieved states were analysed by quantum tomography, and fidelities after readout of over 92% were obtained, confirming the quantum functionality of the storage process. Voltage-switchable photocurrents in single-walled carbon nanotube-silicon junctions for analog and digital optoelectronics   pp239 - 243 Young Lae Kim, Hyun Young Jung, Sora Park, Bo Li, Fangze Liu et al. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.1 A photodiode-based logic device employing scalable heterojunctions of carbon nanotubes and silicon whose output currents can be manipulated by both optical and electrical inputs is developed. Bidirectional phototransistors and novel clock-triggerable logic elements, such as a mixed optoelectronic AND gate, a 2-Bit optoelectronic ADDER/OR gate and a 4-Bit optoelectronic D/A converter, are also demonstrated. Articles Top Electrically driven subwavelength optical nanocircuits   pp244 - 249 Kevin C. Y. Huang, Min-Kyo Seo, Tomas Sarmiento, Yijie Huo, James S. Harris et al. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.2 An integrated nanoscale light-emitting diode is used as an electrically driven optical source for exciting two-dimensionally localized gap plasmon waveguides with a 0.016λ2 cross-sectional area. Electrically driven subwavelength optical nanocircuits for routing, splitting and directional coupling are demonstrated in compact and relatively low-loss gap plasmon waveguide structures. Unravelling the mechanism of photoinduced charge transfer processes in lead iodide perovskite solar cells   pp250 - 255 Arianna Marchioro, Joel Teuscher, Dennis Friedrich, Marinus Kunst, Roel van de Krol et al. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.374 Perovskite solar cells are currently generating great interest in the photovoltaics community, but a detailed understanding of why they are so efficient is lacking. Femtosecond laser spectroscopy and microwave photoconductivity measurements now reveal important insights into the photoinduced charge transfer processes and dynamics of such cells. White-light diffraction tomography of unlabelled live cells   pp256 - 263 Taewoo Kim, Renjie Zhou, Mustafa Mir, S. Derin Babacan, P. Scott Carney et al. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.350 The three-dimensional structures of transparent objects, such as living cells, are captured by an imaging technique that uses white-light illumination and diffraction tomography to collect a stack of phase-based images. See also: News and Views by Bouwens & Lasser Corrigenda Top Corrigendum: Simultaneous measurement of nanoscale electric and magnetic optical fields   p263 B. le Feber, N. Rotenberg, D. M. Beggs and L. Kuipers doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.42 Corrigendum: Demon-like algorithmic quantum cooling and its realization with quantum optics   p263 Jin-Shi Xu, Man-Hong Yung, Xiao-Ye Xu, Sergio Boixo, Zheng-Wei Zhou et al. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.46 Interview Top Pure transfer   p264 Interview with Yann Le Coq doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.27 Spectral purity can now be transferred from one laser to another with a very different wavelength at an order of magnitude better than previously achievable. Yann Le Coq spoke to Nature Photonics about the new development. See also: Letter by Nicolodi et al. Advertisement Does your manuscript have what it takes to get published? 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