Scientific Reports Table of Contents e-alert: 01 November 2016

01 November 2016      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               Nature Focus and Animation: Innate lymphoid cells Nature Immunology presents this Focus on the evolution, development, functional diversity and immunotherapeutic potential of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Access the Focus free online Watch the accompanying animation showing the complexity of ILC biology in the gut here  Produced with support from MedImmune                Jump to the content that matters to you ▼ Biological Sciences   ▼ Chemical Sciences   ▼ Physical Sciences   ▼ Earth & Environmental Sciences   ▼ Health Sciences               Biological Sciences ▲ top               Antagonistic autoregulation speeds up a homogeneous response in Escherichia coli ▶     Guillermo Rodrigo, Djordje Bajic, Ignacio Elola et al.     By integrating positive and negative feedback loops, biological systems establish intricate gene expression patterns linked to multistability, pulsing, and oscillations. This …             Disease-mediated bottom-up regulation: An emergent virus affects a keystone prey, and alters the dynamics of trophic webs ▶     Pedro Monterroso, Germán Garrote, Ana Serronha et al.     Emergent diseases may alter the structure and functioning of ecosystems by creating new biotic interactions and modifying existing ones, producing cascading processes along …             Alpha-enolase on apical surface of renal tubular epithelial cells serves as a calcium oxalate crystal receptor ▶     Kedsarin Fong-ngern, Visith Thongboonkerd     To search for a strategy to prevent kidney stone formation/recurrence, this study addressed the role of α-enolase on apical membrane of renal tubular cells in mediating calcium …             Scanning of selection signature provides a glimpse into important economic traits in goats (Capra hircus) ▶     Dailu Guan, Nanjian Luo, Xiaoshan Tan et al.     Goats (Capra hircus) are one of the oldest livestock domesticated species, and have been used for their milk, meat, hair and skins over much of the world. Detection of selection …             Odor-induced mood state modulates language comprehension by affecting processing strategies ▶     Lin Wang, Bin Zhou, Wen Zhou et al.     It is controversial whether mood affects cognition by triggering specific processing strategies or by limiting processing resources. The current event-related potential (ERP) …             Cerebellar theta burst stimulation modulates the neural activity of interconnected parietal and motor areas ▶     Elias Paolo Casula, Maria Concetta Pellicciari, Viviana Ponzo et al.     Voluntary movement control and execution are regulated by the influence of the cerebellar output over different interconnected cortical areas, through dentato-thalamo …             Identifying reproducible cancer-associated highly expressed genes with important functional significances using multiple datasets ▶     Haiyan Huang, Xiangyu Li, You Guo et al.     Identifying differentially expressed (DE) genes between cancer and normal tissues is of basic importance for studying cancer mechanisms. However, current methods, such as the …             Fluorescently labeled circular DNA molecules for DNA topology and topoisomerases ▶     Maxwell Gu, Andrea Berrido, Walter G. Gonzalez et al.     DNA topology plays essential roles in several fundamental biological processes, such as DNA replication, recombination, and transcription. Typically agarose gel electrophoresis …             Sex differences in colonization of gut microbiota from a man with short-term vegetarian and inulin-supplemented diet in germ-free mice ▶     Jing-jing Wang, Jing Wang, Xiao-yan Pang et al.     Gnotobiotic mouse model is generally used to evaluate the efficacy of gut microbiota. Sex differences of gut microbiota are acknowledged, yet the effect of recipient’s gender on …             Rawcopy: Improved copy number analysis with Affymetrix arrays ▶     Markus Mayrhofer, Björn Viklund, Anders Isaksson     Microarray data is subject to noise and systematic variation that negatively affects the resolution of copy number analysis. We describe Rawcopy, an R package for processing of …             Jolkinolide B induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth in mouse melanoma B16F10 cells by altering glycolysis ▶     Caixia Gao, Xinyan Yan, Bo Wang et al.     Most cancer cells preferentially rely on glycolysis to produce the energy (adenosine triphosphate, ATP) for growth and proliferation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the …             Opportunistic brood theft in the context of colony relocation in an Indian queenless ant ▶     Bishwarup Paul, Manabi Paul, Sumana Annagiri     Brood is a very valuable part of an ant colony and behaviours increasing its number with minimum investment is expected to be favoured by natural selection. Brood theft has been …             Filarial infection influences mosquito behaviour and fecundity ▶     Katherine Gleave, Darren Cook, Mark J. Taylor et al.     Understanding vector-parasite interactions is increasingly important as we move towards the endpoint goals set by the Global Programme for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis …             microRNAs Involved in the Control of Innate Immunity in Candida Infected Caenorhabditis elegans ▶     Lingmei Sun, Lingtong Zhi, Shumaila Shakoor et al.     The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating innate immune response to Candida albicans infection in Caenorhabditis elegans is still largely unclear. Using small RNA SOLiD deep …             Development and characterization of a microfluidic model of the tumour microenvironment ▶     Jose M. Ayuso, María Virumbrales-Muñoz, Alodia Lacueva et al.     The physical microenvironment of tumours is characterized by heterotypic cell interactions and physiological gradients of nutrients, waste products and oxygen. This tumour …             Evolutionary study of Yersinia genomes deciphers emergence of human pathogenic species ▶     Shi Yang Tan, Irene Kit Ping Tan, Mui Fern Tan et al.     On record, there are 17 species in the Yersinia genus, of which three are known to be pathogenic to human. While the chromosomal and pYV (or pCD1) plasmid-borne virulence genes …             Conformity cannot be identified based on population-level signatures ▶     Alberto Acerbi, Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen, Daniel B. M. Haun et al.     Conformist transmission, defined as a disproportionate likelihood to copy the majority, is considered a potent mechanism underlying the emergence and stabilization of cultural …             Serological and molecular epidemiology of canine adenovirus type 1 in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the United Kingdom ▶     David Walker, Seán A. Fee, Gill Hartley et al.     Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) causes infectious canine hepatitis (ICH), a frequently fatal disease which primarily affects canids. In this study, serology (ELISA) and …             An extract from Taxodium distichum targets hemagglutinin- and neuraminidase-related activities of influenza virus in vitro ▶     Chung-Fan Hsieh, Yu-Li Chen, Chwan-Fwu Lin et al.     Influenza virus remains an emerging virus and causes pandemics with high levels of fatality. After screening different plant extracts with potential anti-influenza activity, a …             Glycosylation changes in the globular head of H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin modulate receptor binding without affecting virus virulence ▶     Irina V. Alymova, Ian A. York, Gillian M. Air et al.     Since the emergence of human H3N2 influenza A viruses in the pandemic of 1968, these viruses have become established as strains of moderate severity. A decline in virulence has …             Pyk2 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by directly phosphorylating ASC and contributes to inflammasome-dependent peritonitis ▶     I-Che Chung, Chun-Nan OuYang, Sheng-Ning Yuan et al.     The inflammasome adaptor protein, ASC, contributes to both innate immune responses and inflammatory diseases via self-oligomerization, which leads to the activation of the …             Orexin signaling regulates both the hippocampal clock and the circadian oscillation of Alzheimer’s disease-risk genes ▶     Zhixiong Ma, Weiliang Jiang, Eric Erquan Zhang     Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a circadian clock-related disease. However, it is not very clear whether pre-symptomatic AD leads to circadian disruption or whether malfunction of …             Antileukemic Scalarane Sesterterpenoids and Meroditerpenoid from Carteriospongia (Phyllospongia) sp., Induce Apoptosis via Dual Inhibitory Effects on Topoisomerase II and Hsp90 ▶     Kuei-Hung Lai, Yi-Chang Liu, Jui-Hsin Su et al.     Two new scalarane sesterterpenoids, 12β-(3′β-hydroxybutanoyloxy)-20,24-dimethyl-24-oxo-scalara-16-en-25-al (1) and 12β-(3′β…             Reconstituted B cell receptor signaling reveals carbohydrate-dependent mode of activation ▶     Rina F. Villar, Jinal Patel, Grant C. Weaver et al.     Activation of immune cells (but not B cells) with lectins is widely known. We used the structurally defined interaction between influenza hemagglutinin (HA) and its cell surface …             Ductular reaction-on-a-chip: Microfluidic co-cultures to study stem cell fate selection during liver injury ▶     Amranul Haque, Pantea Gheibi, Gulnaz Stybayeva et al.     Liver injury modulates local microenvironment, triggering production of signals that instruct stem cell fate choices. In this study, we employed a microfluidic co-culture system …             Targeting Non-classical Myelin Epitopes to Treat Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ▶     Xiaohua Wang, Jintao Zhang, David J. Baylink et al.     Qa-1 epitopes, the peptides that bind to non-classical major histocompatibility complex Ib Qa-1 molecules and are recognized by Qa-1-restricted CD8+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, …             High-resolution MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of gallotannins and monoterpene glucosides in the root of Paeonia lactiflora ▶     Bin Li, Dhaka Ram Bhandari, Andreas Römpp et al.     High-resolution atmospheric-pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AP-SMALDI MSI) at 10 μm pixel size was performed …             A dual specificity kinase, DYRK1A, as a potential therapeutic target for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ▶     Aneesha Radhakrishnan, Vishalakshi Nanjappa, Remya Raja et al.     Despite advances in clinical management, 5-year survival rate in patients with late-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not improved significantly over the …             Pollen/TLR4 Innate Immunity Signaling Initiates IL-33/ST2/Th2 Pathways in Allergic Inflammation ▶     Jin Li, Lili Zhang, Xin Chen et al.     Innate immunity has been extended to respond environmental pathogen other than microbial components. Here we explore a novel pollen/TLR4 innate immunity in allergic inflammation. …             Rapid and sustained cognitive recovery in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by co-administration of EPPS and donepezil ▶     Hye Yun Kim, Hyunjin Vincent Kim, Dongkeun K. Lee et al.     Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by sequential progression of pathological events, such as aggregation of amyloid-β proteins, followed by …             Smooth deuterated cellulose films for the visualisation of adsorbed bio-macromolecules ▶     Jielong Su, Vikram S. Raghuwanshi, Warwick Raverty et al.     Novel thin and smooth deuterated cellulose films were synthesised to visualize adsorbed bio-macromolecules using contrast variation neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements. …             Single-Multiplex Detection of Organ Injury Biomarkers using SPRi based Nano-Immunosensor ▶     Effat Zeidan, Siqi Li, Zhiguo Zhou et al.     The clinical assessment of multiple organ dysfunctions at early stages is recognized to be an important factor in prompting definitive treatment decisions that prevent …             Metabolomics reveals the protective of Dihydromyricetin on glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin sensitivity ▶     Liang Le, Baoping Jiang, Wenting Wan et al.     Dihydromyricetin (DMY), an important flavanone found in Ampelopsis grossedentata, possesses antioxidative properties that ameliorate skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and exert …             lncRNA H19/miR-675 axis regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting VDAC1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy ▶     Xiangquan Li, Hao Wang, Biao Yao et al.     We previously established a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and found that the expression of lncRNA H19 was significantly downregulated. The present study was designed …             Three-dimensional ultrastructural analyses of anterior pituitary gland expose spatial relationships between endocrine cell secretory granule localization and capillary distribution ▶     Munetake Yoshitomi, Keisuke Ohta, Tomonoshin Kanazawa et al.     Endocrine and endothelial cells of the anterior pituitary gland frequently make close appositions or contacts, and the secretory granules of each endocrine cell tend to …             Shedding light on cell compartmentation in the candidate phylum Poribacteria by high resolution visualisation and transcriptional profiling ▶     Martin T. Jahn, Sebastian M. Markert, Taewoo Ryu et al.     Assigning functions to uncultivated environmental microorganisms continues to be a challenging endeavour. Here, we present a new microscopy protocol for fluorescence in situ …             Ubc13 haploinsufficiency protects against age-related insulin resistance and high-fat diet-induced obesity ▶     Erina Joo, Toru Fukushima, Norio Harada et al.     Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation that leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes via Toll-like Receptor (TLR) and TNF-family cytokine receptor (TNFR) …             Nanocellulose size regulates microalgal flocculation and lipid metabolism ▶     Sun Il Yu, Seul Ki Min, Hwa Sung Shin     Harvesting of microalgae is a cost-consuming step for biodiesel production. Cellulose has recently been studied as a biocompatible and inexpensive flocculant for harvesting …             Synthesis of Micelles Guided Magnetite (Fe3O4) Hollow Spheres and their application for AC Magnetic Field Responsive Drug Release ▶     Madhuri Mandal Goswami     This paper reports on synthesis of hollow spheres of magnetite, guided by micelles and their application in drug release by the stimulus responsive technique. Here oleyelamine …             Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C: a novel target gene of miR-214-3p in suppressing angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy ▶     Chun-Mei Tang, Fang-zhou Liu, Jie-Ning Zhu et al.     The role of microRNA-214-3p (miR-214-3p) in cardiac hypertrophy was not well illustrated. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and potential target of miR-214-3p …             Understanding Longitudinal Wood Fiber Ultra-structure for Producing Cellulose Nanofibrils Using Disk Milling with Diluted Acid Prehydrolysis ▶     Yanlin Qin, Xueqing Qiu, J.Y. Zhu     Here we used dilute oxalic acid to pretreat a kraft bleached Eucalyptus pulp (BEP) fibers to facilitate mechanical fibrillation in producing cellulose nanofibrils using disk …             Air exposure of coral is a significant source of dimethylsulfide (DMS) to the atmosphere ▶     Frances E. Hopkins, Thomas G. Bell, Mingxi Yang et al.     Corals are prolific producers of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). High atmospheric concentrations of the DMSP breakdown product dimethylsulfide (DMS) have been linked to coral …             Heme-mediated apoptosis and fusion damage in BeWo trophoblast cells ▶     Mingli Liu, Salifu Hassana, Jonathan K. Stiles     Placental malaria (PM) is a complication associated with malaria infection during pregnancy that often leads to abortion, premature delivery, intrauterine growth restriction and …             Molecular evidence of RNA polymerase II gene reveals the origin of worldwide cultivated barley ▶     Yonggang Wang, Xifeng Ren, Dongfa Sun et al.     The origin and domestication of cultivated barley have long been under debate. A population-based resequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the single copy of RPB2 gene was used …             Exploring the intrinsic differences among breast tumor subtypes defined using immunohistochemistry markers based on the decision tree ▶     Yang Li, Xu-Qing Tang, Zhonghu Bai et al.     Exploring the intrinsic differences among breast cancer subtypes is of crucial importance for precise diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making in diseases of high heterogeneity. …             The impact of reward and punishment on skill learning depends on task demands ▶     Adam Steel, Edward H. Silson, Charlotte J. Stagg et al.     Reward and punishment motivate behavior, but it is unclear exactly how they impact skill performance and whether the effect varies across skills. The present study investigated …             Recombinant antibodies for specific detection of clostridial [Fe-Fe] hydrogenases ▶     Rahul Mangayil, Matti Karp, Urpo Lamminmäki et al.     Biological hydrogen production is based on activity of specific enzymes called hydrogenases. Hydrogenases are oxygen sensitive metalloenzymes containing Ni and/or Fe atoms at the …             Plasma Ang2 and ADAM17 levels are elevated during clinical malaria; Ang2 level correlates with severity and expression of EPCR-binding PfEMP1 ▶     Jens E. V. Petersen, Sixbert I. Mkumbaye, Anna V. Vaaben et al.     The pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria involves a complex interplay between parasite adhesion and inflammatory response that includes release of cytokines and …             Synchronizing stochastic circadian oscillators in single cells of Neurospora crassa ▶     Zhaojie Deng, Sam Arsenault, Cristian Caranica et al.     The synchronization of stochastic coupled oscillators is a central problem in physics and an emerging problem in biology, particularly in the context of circadian rhythms. Most …             Isolated exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG alleviated adipogenesis mediated by TLR2 in mice ▶     Zhen Zhang, Zhigang Zhou, Yu Li et al.     The fibroblast cell line of 3T3-L1 was used as a cell model for screening and evaluating the feasibility of probiotic components in improving animal lipid metabolisms. The …             Cristae remodeling causes acidification detected by integrated graphene sensor during mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization ▶     Ted D. Pham, Phi Q. Pham, Jinfeng Li et al.     The intrinsic apoptotic pathway and the resultant mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) via BAK and BAX oligomerization, cytochrome c (cytc) release, and caspase …             Galvanic microcells as control agent of indoor microorganisms ▶     Wojciech Spisak, Andrzej Chlebicki, Mariusz Kaszczyszyn     Today, fungicides are part of the basic tool kit for indoor surface maintenance. However, fungi develop resistance to fungicides, which consequently accelerates the evolution of …             A novel screen for genes associated with pheromone-induced sterility ▶     Alison L. Camiletti, Anthony Percival-Smith, Justin R. Croft et al.     For honey bee and other social insect colonies the ‘queen substance’ regulates colony reproduction rendering workers functionally sterile. The evolution of worker reproductive …             Identification of lncRNA functions in lung cancer based on associated protein-protein interaction modules ▶     Chih-Hsun Wu, Chia-Lang Hsu, Pei-Chun Lu et al.     Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play important roles in various biological processes; however, many of their functions remain unclear. In this study, we present …             Molecular cloning and expression of an encoding galactinol synthase gene (AnGolS1) in seedling of Ammopiptanthus nanus ▶     YuDong Liu, Li Zhang, LiJing Chen et al.     Based on the galactinol synthase (AnGolS1) fragment sequence from a cold-induced Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) library derived from Ammopiptanthus nanus (A. nanus) …             Neuromodulatory effects of offline low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study ▶     Yu-Sun Min, Jang Woo Park, Seong Uk Jin et al.     Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) can modulate cortical excitability and is thought to influence activity in other brain areas. …             Comparative proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles isolated from porcine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells ▶     Alfonso Eirin, Xiang-Yang Zhu, Amrutesh S. Puranik et al.     Extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) contribute to recovery of damaged tissue. We have previously shown that porcine MSC-derived EVs …             Non-toxigenic environmental Vibrio cholerae O1 strain from Haiti provides evidence of pre-pandemic cholera in Hispaniola ▶     Taj Azarian, Afsar Ali, Judith A. Johnson et al.     Vibrio cholerae is ubiquitous in aquatic environments, with environmental toxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains serving as a source for recurrent cholera epidemics and pandemic …             Determining putative vectors of the Bogia Coconut Syndrome phytoplasma using loop-mediated isothermal amplification of single-insect feeding media ▶     Hengyu Lu, Bree A. L. Wilson, Gavin J. Ash et al.     Phytoplasmas are insect vectored mollicutes responsible for disease in many economically important crops. Determining which insect species are vectors of a given phytoplasma is …             RSK1 protects P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 against ubiquitin–proteasomal degradation by downregulating the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 R1 ▶     Kazuhiro Katayama, Chiaki Fujiwara, Kohji Noguchi et al.     P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a critical determinant of multidrug resistance in cancer. We previously reported that MAPK inhibition downregulates P-gp expression and that P-gp …             Survival of mature T cells depends on signaling through HOIP ▶     Kazumi Okamura, Akiko Kitamura, Yoshiteru Sasaki et al.     T cell development in the thymus is controlled by a multistep process. The NF-κB pathway regulates T cell development as well as T cell activation at multiple differentiation …             Novel Functional Role of NK3R Expression in the Potentiating Effects on Somatolactin α Autoregulation in grass carp pituitary cells ▶     Guangfu Hu, Mulan He, Anderson On Lam Wong     In our previous study, NKB/NK3R system has been shown to act at the pituitary level to up-regulate SLα synthesis and secretion in grass carp. However, whether NK3R expression can …             Available sustainable alternatives replace endangered animal horn based on their proteomic analysis and bio-effect evaluation ▶     Rui Liu, Fei Wang, Qiong Huang et al.     The use of endangered animal products in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and other ethno-medicines is culturally widespread across many regions of Asia. In the present study, …             Synthesis and biological evaluation of matrine derivatives containing benzo-α-pyrone structure as potent anti-lung cancer agents ▶     Lichuan Wu, Guizhen Wang, Shuaibing Liu et al.     Matrine, an active component of root extracts from Sophora flavescens Ait, is the main chemical ingredient of Fufang Kushen injection which was approved by Chinese FDA (CFDA) in …             The conformational dynamics of H2-H3n and S2-H6 in gating ligand entry into the buried binding cavity of vitamin D receptor ▶     Wei-Ven Tee, Adiratna Mat Ripen, Saharuddin Bin Mohamad     Crystal structures of holo vitamin D receptor (VDR) revealed a canonical conformation in which the ligand is entrapped in a hydrophobic cavity buried in the ligand-binding domain …             A model for cyclic mechanical reinforcement ▶     Zhenhai Li, Fang Kong, Cheng Zhu     Mechanical force regulates a broad range of molecular interactions in biology. Three types of counterintuitive mechanical regulation of receptor–ligand dissociation have been …             Targeting inflammasome/IL-1 pathways for cancer immunotherapy ▶     Beichu Guo, Shunjun Fu, Jinyu Zhang et al.     The inflammatory microenvironment has been shown to play important roles in various stages of tumor development including initiation, growth, and metastasis. The inflammasome is …             Chronic multiscale imaging of neuronal activity in the awake common marmoset ▶     Yoshiyuki Yamada, Yoshifumi Matsumoto, Norio Okahara et al.     We report a methodology to chronically record in vivo brain activity in the awake common marmoset. Over a month, stable imaging revealed macroscopic sensory maps in the …             Cortical neurons of bats respond best to echoes from nearest targets when listening to natural biosonar multi-echo streams ▶     M. Jerome Beetz, Julio C. Hechavarría, Manfred Kössl     Bats orientate in darkness by listening to echoes from their biosonar calls, a behaviour known as echolocation. Recent studies showed that cortical neurons respond in a highly …             NOGO-A/RTN4A and NOGO-B/RTN4B are simultaneously expressed in epithelial, fibroblast and neuronal cells and maintain ER morphology ▶     Olli Rämö, Darshan Kumar, Erika Gucciardo et al.     Reticulons (RTNs) are a large family of membrane associated proteins with various functions. NOGO-A/RTN4A has a well-known function in limiting neurite outgrowth and restricting …             Ovariectomy upregulated the expression of Peroxiredoxin 1 & 5 in osteoblasts of mice ▶     Juan Du, Wei Feng, Jing Sun et al.     Peroxiredoxin (PRX), a family of peroxidases, is associated with various biological processes such as the detoxification of oxidants and cell apoptosis. Besides, the …             Simultaneous delivery of Paclitaxel and Bcl-2 siRNA via pH-Sensitive liposomal nanocarrier for the synergistic treatment of melanoma ▶     Teegala Lakshminarayan Reddy, Koteswara Rao Garikapati, S. Gopal Reddy et al.     pH-sensitive drug carriers that are sensitive to the acidic (pH = ~6.5) microenvironments of tumor tissues have been primarily used as effective drug/gene/siRNA/microRNA carriers …             Sebum and Hydration Levels in Specific Regions of Human Face Significantly Predict the Nature and Diversity of Facial Skin Microbiome ▶     Souvik Mukherjee, Rupak Mitra, Arindam Maitra et al.     The skin microbiome varies across individuals. The causes of these variations are inadequately understood. We tested the hypothesis that inter-individual variation in facial skin …             Genome-wide identification of endogenous RNA-directed DNA methylation loci associated with abundant 21-nucleotide siRNAs in Arabidopsis ▶     Jian-Hua Zhao, Yuan-Yuan Fang, Cheng-Guo Duan et al.     In Arabidopsis, the 24-nucleotide (nt) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) mediates RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) of transposable …             Infantile Hemangioma Originates From A Dysregulated But Not Fully Transformed Multipotent Stem Cell ▶     Shaghayegh Harbi, Rong Wang, Michael Gregory et al.     Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common tumor of infancy. Its cellular origin and biological signals for uncontrolled growth are poorly understood, and specific …             Crystal structures and inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei hypoxanthine–guanine phosphoribosyltransferase ▶     David Terán, Dana Hocková, Michal Česnek et al.     Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma brucei (Tbr). Due to the debilitating side effects of …             Differential expression of long non-coding RNAs in three genetic lines of rainbow trout in response to infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum ▶     Bam Paneru, Rafet Al-Tobasei, Yniv Palti et al.     Bacterial cold-water disease caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum is one of the major causes of mortality of salmonids. Three genetic lines of rainbow trout designated as …             The robustness of ecosystems to the species loss of community ▶     Qing Cai, Jiming Liu     To study the robustness of ecosystems is crucial to promote the sustainable development of human society. This paper aims to analyze the robustness of ecosystems from an …             S100A8 promotes migration and infiltration of inflammatory cells in acute anterior uveitis ▶     Yuqin Wang, Zuhui Zhang, Laihe Zhang et al.     Uveitis, the pathologic condition of inflammation of the uvea, frequently leads to severe vision loss and blindness. S100A8 is a calcium-binding protein which mainly expresses in …             Homophily in coauthorship networks of East European sociologists ▶     Marian-Gabriel Hâncean, Matjaž Perc     We study to what degree and how homophily and network properties affect individual citation counts of researchers in the sociology departments of three East European countries, …             CRISPR RNA-guided FokI nucleases repair a PAH variant in a phenylketonuria model ▶     Yi Pan, Nan Shen, Sabine Jung-Klawitter et al.     The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a recently developed genome editing technique. In this study, we used a modified CRISPR system, which employs the fusion of inactive Cas9 (dCas9) and …             An inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) promotes late-stage terminal differentiation from NGN3+ pancreatic endocrine progenitors ▶     Yzumi Yamashita-Sugahara, Masahito Matsumoto, Manami Ohtaka et al.     Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide a potential resource for regenerative medicine. To identify the signalling pathway(s) contributing to the development of …             Changes in microbial communities, photosynthesis and calcification of the coral Acropora gemmifera in response to ocean acidification ▶     Guowei Zhou, Tao Yuan, Lin Cai et al.     With the increasing anthropogenic CO2 concentration, ocean acidification (OA) can have dramatic effects on coral reefs. However, the effects of OA on coral physiology and the …             A novel approach using C. elegans DNA damage-induced apoptosis to characterize the dynamics of uptake transporters for therapeutic drug discoveries ▶     Arturo Papaluca, Dindial Ramotar     Organic cation transporter (OCT) function is critical for cellular homeostasis. C. elegans lacking OCT-1 displays a shortened lifespan and increased susceptibility to oxidative …             Prevalence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Qingdao City, China, 2010–2014 ▶     Fachun Jiang, Zhentang Zhang, Liyan Dong et al.     Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) was considered to be transmitted by Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus, the principal animal hosts of Hantaan virus and Seoul …             HCV core protein inhibits polarization and activity of both M1 and M2 macrophages through the TLR2 signaling pathway ▶     Qianqian Zhang, Yang Wang, Naicui Zhai et al.     Hepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes persistent infection in most infected patients, and eventually causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in some …             Estimating Lion Abundance using N-mixture Models for Social Species ▶     Jerrold L. Belant, Florent Bled, Clay M. Wilton et al.     Declining populations of large carnivores worldwide, and the complexities of managing human-carnivore conflicts, require accurate population estimates of large carnivores to …             Goblet Cell Hyperplasia Requires High Bicarbonate Transport To Support Mucin Release ▶     Giulia Gorrieri, Paolo Scudieri, Emanuela Caci et al.     Goblet cell hyperplasia, a feature of asthma and other respiratory diseases, is driven by the Th-2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. In human bronchial epithelial cells, we find that …             Identification of different respiratory viruses, after a cell culture step, by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) ▶     Adriana Calderaro, Maria Cristina Arcangeletti, Isabella Rodighiero et al.     In this study matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), a reliable identification method for the diagnosis of bacterial and …             Revealing the diversity of extracellular vesicles using high-dimensional flow cytometry analyses ▶     Geneviève Marcoux, Anne-Claire Duchez, Nathalie Cloutier et al.     Extracellular vesicles (EV) are small membrane vesicles produced by cells upon activation and apoptosis. EVs are heterogeneous according to their origin, mode of release, …             Hi-C-constrained physical models of human chromosomes recover functionally-related properties of genome organization ▶     Marco Di Stefano, Jonas Paulsen, Tonje G. Lien et al.     Combining genome-wide structural models with phenomenological data is at the forefront of efforts to understand the organizational principles regulating the human genome. Here, …             Procedural performance following sleep deprivation remains impaired despite extended practice and an afternoon nap ▶     Irma Triasih Kurniawan, James Nicholas Cousins, Pearlynne L. H. Chong et al.     The negative impact of sleep loss on procedural memory is well established, yet it remains unclear how extended practice opportunities or daytime naps can modulate the effect of …             Global functional profiling of human ubiquitome identifies E3 ubiquitin ligase DCST1 as a novel negative regulator of Type-I interferon signaling ▶     Sajith Nair, Pradeep Bist, Neha Dikshit et al.     Type I interferon (IFN-I) mediated innate immune response controls virus infections by inducing the expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Although ubiquitination …             Biocatalysis on the surface of Escherichia coli: melanin pigmentation of the cell exterior ▶     Martin Gustavsson, David Hörnström, Susanna Lundh et al.     Today, it is considered state-of-the-art to engineer living organisms for various biotechnology applications. Even though this has led to numerous scientific breakthroughs, the …             Differential expression of lncRNAs during the HIV replication cycle: an underestimated layer in the HIV-host interplay ▶     Wim Trypsteen, Pejman Mohammadi, Clarissa Van Hecke et al.     Studying the effects of HIV infection on the host transcriptome has typically focused on protein-coding genes. However, recent advances in the field of RNA sequencing revealed …             Molecular phylogeny of Polyneoptera (Insecta) inferred from expanded mitogenomic data ▶     Nan Song, Hu Li, Fan Song et al.     The Polyneoptera represents one of the earliest insect radiations, comprising the majority of hemimetabolous orders, in which many species have great economic importance. Here, …             Fine-scale partitioning of genomic variation among recruits in an exploited fishery: causes and consequences ▶     Jonathan B. Puritz, John R. Gold, David S. Portnoy     Conservation and management of exploited species depends on accurate knowledge of how genetic variation is partitioned across a fishery, especially as it relates to recruitment. …             β-Arrestin 1’s Interaction with TC45 Attenuates Stat signaling by dephosphorylating Stat to inhibit antimicrobial peptide expression ▶     Jie-Jie Sun, Hui-Ting Yang, Guo-Juan Niu et al.     Impaired phosphatase activity leads to the persistent activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat). In mammals, Stat family members are often …             Analyses of RNA-Seq and sRNA-Seq data reveal a complex network of anti-viral defense in TCV-infected Arabidopsis thaliana ▶     Chao Wu, Xinyue Li, Song Guo et al.     In order to identify specific plant anti-viral genes related to the miRNA regulatory pathway, RNA-Seq and sRNA-Seq were performed using Arabidopsis WT and dcl1-9 mutant line. A …             Functional kinomics establishes a critical node of volume-sensitive cation-Cl− cotransporter regulation in the mammalian brain ▶     Jinwei Zhang, Geng Gao, Gulnaz Begum et al.     Cell volume homeostasis requires the dynamically regulated transport of ions across the plasmalemma. While the ensemble of ion transport proteins involved in cell volume …             Valproate inhibits MAP kinase signalling and cell cycle progression in S. cerevisiae ▶     Kristelle Desfossés-Baron, Ian Hammond-Martel, Antoine Simoneau et al.     The mechanism of action of valproate (VPA), a widely prescribed short chain fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anticancer properties, remains poorly understood. Here, the yeast …             Comprehensive analysis of trihelix genes and their expression under biotic and abiotic stresses in Populus trichocarpa ▶     Zhanchao Wang, Quangang Liu, Hanzeng Wang et al.     Trihelix genes play important roles in plant growth and development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we identified 56 full-length trihelix genes in Populus …             Integrated presentation of ecological risk from multiple stressors ▶     Benoit Goussen, Oliver R. Price, Cecilie Rendal et al.     Current environmental risk assessments (ERA) do not account explicitly for ecological factors (e.g. species composition, temperature or food availability) and multiple stressors. …             Opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida glabrata circulates between humans and yellow-legged gulls ▶     Mohammed Hashim Al-Yasiri, Anne-Cécile Normand, Coralie L’Ollivier et al.     The opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata is a component of the mycobiota of both humans and yellow-legged gulls that is prone to develop fluconazole resistance. …             Oocyte aging-induced Neuronatin (NNAT) hypermethylation affects oocyte quality by impairing glucose transport in porcine ▶     Ying-Ying Gao, Li Chen, Tao Wang et al.     DNA methylation plays important roles in regulating many physiological behaviors; however, few studies were focused on the changes of DNA methylation during oocyte aging. Early …             Diverse Colletotrichum species cause anthracnose of tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in China ▶     Yu-Chun Wang, Xin-Yuan Hao, Lu Wang et al.     Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum is one of the most severe diseases that can afflict Camellia sinensis. However, research on the diversity and geographical distribution of …             Interspecific variation of warning calls in piranhas: a comparative analysis ▶     Geoffrey Mélotte, Régis Vigouroux, Christian Michel et al.     Fish sounds are known to be species-specific, possessing unique temporal and spectral features. We have recorded and compared sounds in eight piranha species to evaluate the …             Transcriptome analyses provide insights into the phylogeny and adaptive evolution of the mangrove fern genus Acrostichum ▶     Zhang Zhang, Ziwen He, Shaohua Xu et al.     The mangrove fern genus Acrostichum grows in the extremely unstable marine intertidal zone under harsh conditions, such as high salt concentrations, tidal rhythms and long-term …             NPNT is Expressed by Osteoblasts and Mediates Angiogenesis via the Activation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase ▶     Vincent Kuek, Zhifan Yang, Shek Man Chim et al.     Angiogenesis plays an important role in bone development and remodeling and is mediated by a plethora of potential angiogenic factors. However, data regarding specific angiogenic …             Expression of varied GFPs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: codon optimization yields stronger than expected expression and fluorescence intensity ▶     Misato Kaishima, Jun Ishii, Toshihide Matsuno et al.     Green fluorescent protein (GFP), which was originally isolated from jellyfish, is a widely used tool in biological research, and homologs from other organisms are available. …             Fluorescent protein tagging of endogenous protein in brain neurons using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in and in utero electroporation techniques ▶     Takeshi Uemura, Takuma Mori, Taiga Kurihara et al.     Genome editing is a powerful technique for studying gene functions. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knock-in has recently been applied to various cells and organisms. Here, we …             HASE: Framework for efficient high-dimensional association analyses ▶     G. V. Roshchupkin, H. H. H. Adams, M. W. Vernooij et al.     High-throughput technology can now provide rich information on a person’s biological makeup and environmental surroundings. Important discoveries have been made by relating these …             Domestication and ontogeny effects on the stress response in young chickens (Gallus gallus) ▶     Maria Ericsson, Per Jensen     Domestication is thought to increase stress tolerance. The connection between stressor exposure, glucocorticoids and behavioural responses has been studied in adults, where …             Angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R) regulates expansion, differentiation, and functional capacity of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells ▶     João Luiz Silva-Filho, Celso Caruso-Neves, Ana Acacia Sá Pinheiro     Angiotensin II (Ang II) and its receptor AT1 (AT1R), an important effector axis of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), have been demonstrated to regulate T-cell responses. However, …             The Southampton-York Natural Scenes (SYNS) dataset: Statistics of surface attitude ▶     Wendy J. Adams, James H. Elder, Erich W. Graf et al.     Recovering 3D scenes from 2D images is an under-constrained task; optimal estimation depends upon knowledge of the underlying scene statistics. Here we introduce the …             Super-resolution imaging of fluorescently labeled, endogenous RNA Polymerase II in living cells with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing ▶     Won-Ki Cho, Namrata Jayanth, Susan Mullen et al.     Live cell imaging of mammalian RNA polymerase II (Pol II) has previously relied on random insertions of exogenous, mutant Pol II coupled with the degradation of endogenous Pol II …             Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a promising target for cholangiocarcinoma treatment and bile LCN2 level is a potential cholangiocarcinoma diagnostic marker ▶     Kun-Chun Chiang, Ta-Sen Yeh, Ren-Chin Wu et al.     Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease due to resistance to traditional chemotherapies and radiotherapies. New therapeutic strategies against CCA are urgently needed. …             Genome-wide methylation analysis identified sexually dimorphic methylated regions in hybrid tilapia ▶     Zi Yi Wan, Jun Hong Xia, Grace Lin et al.     Sexual dimorphism is an interesting biological phenomenon. Previous studies showed that DNA methylation might play a role in sexual dimorphism. However, the overall picture of …             Problems and Solutions in Click Chemistry Applied to Drug Probes ▶     Weilong Zhong, Bo Sun, Cheng Lu et al.     Small-molecule fluorescent probes have been widely used in target identification, but this method has many disadvantages. For example, the identified proteins are usually …             Multiple and diverse structural changes affect the breakpoint regions of polymorphic inversions across the Drosophila genus ▶     Eva Puerma, Dorcas J. Orengo, Montserrat Aguadé     Chromosomal polymorphism is widespread in the Drosophila genus, with extensive evidence supporting its adaptive character in diverse species. Moreover, inversions are the major …             Diagnostic Value and Surgical Implications of the 3D DW-SSFP MRI On the Management of Patients with Brachial Plexus Injuries ▶     Ben-Gang Qin, Jian-Tao Yang, Yi Yang et al.     Three-dimensional diffusion-weighted steady-state free precession (3D DW-SSFP) of high-resolution magnetic resonance has emerged as a promising method to visualize the peripheral …             Opposite-sex attraction in male mice requires testosterone-dependent regulation of adult olfactory bulb neurogenesis ▶     Roberta Schellino, Sara Trova, Irene Cimino et al.     Opposite-sex attraction in most mammals depends on the fine-tuned integration of pheromonal stimuli with gonadal hormones in the brain circuits underlying sexual behaviour. …             Structural elucidation of estrus urinary lipocalin protein (EULP) and evaluating binding affinity with pheromones using molecular docking and fluorescence study ▶     Durairaj Rajesh, Subramanian Muthukumar, Ganesan Saibaba et al.     Transportation of pheromones bound with carrier proteins belonging to lipocalin superfamily is known to prolong chemo-signal communication between individuals belonging to the …             Solution conformation and flexibility of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis and glycoconjugates with the tetanus toxoid protein ▶     Ali Saber Abdelhameed, Gordon A. Morris, Fahad Almutairi et al.     The structural integrity of meningococcal native, micro-fluidized and activated capsular polysaccharides and their glycoconjugates – in the form most relevant to their potential …             Albumin Homodimers in Patients with Cirrhosis: Clinical and Prognostic Relevance of a Novel Identified Structural Alteration of the Molecule ▶     Maurizio Baldassarre, Marco Domenicali, Marina Naldi et al.     Decompensated cirrhosis is associated to extensive post-transcriptional changes of human albumin (HA). This study aims to characterize the occurrence of HA homodimerization in a …             Particulate matter emissions from biochar-amended soils as a potential tradeoff to the negative emission potential ▶     Sujith Ravi, Brenton S. Sharratt, Junran Li et al.     Novel carbon sequestration strategies such as large-scale land application of biochar may provide sustainable pathways to increase the terrestrial storage of carbon. Biochar has …             Renoprotective Effects of Metformin are Independent of Organic Cation Transporters 1 & 2 and AMP-activated Protein Kinase in the Kidney ▶     Michael Christensen, Jonas B. Jensen, Steen Jakobsen et al.     The type-2 diabetes drug metformin has proven to have protective effects in several renal disease models. Here, we investigated the protective effects in a 3-day unilateral …             Terahertz reflectometry imaging for low and high grade gliomas ▶     Young Bin Ji, Seung Jae Oh, Seok-Gu Kang et al.     Gross total resection (GTR) of glioma is critical for improving the survival rate of glioma patients. One of the greatest challenges for achieving GTR is the difficulty in …             Discrimination of transgenic soybean seeds by terahertz spectroscopy ▶     Wei Liu, Changhong Liu, Feng Chen et al.     Discrimination of genetically modified organisms is increasingly demanded by legislation and consumers worldwide. The feasibility of a non-destructive discrimination of …             System analysis of gene mutations and clinical phenotype in Chinese patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease ▶     Meiling Jin, Yuansheng Xie, Zhiqiang Chen et al.     Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disorder mainly caused by mutation in PKD1/PKD2. However, ethnic differences in …             Identification and validation of candidate epigenetic biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma ▶     Iben Daugaard, Diana Dominguez, Tina E. Kjeldsen et al.     Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression, and disease-specific …             A Reduction-Based Sensor for Acrolein Conjugates with the Inexpensive Nitrobenzene as an Alternative to Monoclonal Antibody ▶     Masayuki Takamatsu, Koichi Fukase, Ritsuko Oka et al.     Acrolein, a highly toxic α, β–unsaturated aldehyde, has been a longstanding key biomarker associated with a range of disorders related to oxidative stresses. One of the most …             Mesenchymal stem cells with Sirt1 overexpression suppress breast tumor growth via chemokine-dependent natural killer cells recruitment ▶     Yang Yu, Yan Liu, Chen Zong et al.     Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are generally used in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and therapy for immune disorder diseases. However, due to the immunosuppressive …             Evaluating the transferability of 15 European-derived fasting plasma glucose SNPs in Mexican children and adolescents ▶     Christine Langlois, Arkan Abadi, Jesus Peralta-Romero et al.     Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in adult European populations. …             Maltodextrin enhances biofilm elimination by electrochemical scaffold ▶     Sujala T. Sultana, Douglas R. Call, Haluk Beyenal     Electrochemical scaffolds (e-scaffolds) continuously generate low concentrations of H2O2 suitable for damaging wound biofilms without damaging host tissue. Nevertheless, retarded …             HULC cooperates with MALAT1 to aggravate liver cancer stem cells growth through telomere repeat-binding factor 2 ▶     Mengying Wu, Zhuojia Lin, Xiaonan Li et al.     The dysregulation of lncRNAs has increasingly been linked to many human diseases, especially in cancers. Our results demonstrate HULC, MALAT1 and TRF2 are highly expressed in …             Brain white matter plasticity and functional reorganization underlying the central pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia ▶     Tian Tian, Linying Guo, Jing Xu et al.     Peripheral nerve damage does not fully explain the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Central nervous system changes can follow trigeminal nerve dysfunction. We …             ADAMTS-10 and -6 differentially regulate cell-cell junctions and focal adhesions ▶     Stuart A. Cain, Ewa J. Mularczyk, Mukti Singh et al.     ADAMTS10 and ADAMTS6 are homologous metalloproteinases with ill-defined roles. ADAMTS10 mutations cause Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS), implicating it in fibrillin microfibril …             Non-targeted transcriptomic effects upon thyroid irradiation: similarity between in-field and out-of-field responses varies with tissue type ▶     Britta Langen, Nils Rudqvist, Johan Spetz et al.     Non-targeted effects can induce responses in tissues that have not been exposed to ionizing radiation. Despite their relevance for risk assessment, few studies have investigated …             MiR1918 enhances tomato sensitivity to Phytophthora infestans infection ▶     Yushi Luan, Jun Cui, Weichen Wang et al.     Late blight of tomato is caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. In our previous work, we identified and characterized a miR1918 in P. infestans (pi-miR1918), and …             Form, shape and function: segmented blood flow in the choriocapillaris ▶     M. A. Zouache, I. Eames, C. A. Klettner et al.     The development of fluid transport systems was a key event in the evolution of animals and plants. While within vertebrates branched geometries predominate, the choriocapillaris, …             LMO2 attenuates tumor growth by targeting the Wnt signaling pathway in breast and colorectal cancer ▶     Ye Liu, Di Huang, Zhaoyang Wang et al.     The proto-oncogene LIM-domain only 2 (lmo2) was traditionally considered to be a pivotal transcriptional regulator in hematopoiesis and leukemia. Recently, the cytosolic …             Establishment of a translational endothelial cell model using directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells from Cynomolgus monkey ▶     Eva C. Thoma, Tobias Heckel, David Keller et al.     Due to their broad differentiation potential, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer a promising approach for generating relevant cellular models for various applications. While …             Network Consistency Projection for Human miRNA-Disease Associations Inference ▶     Changlong Gu, Bo Liao, Xiaoying Li et al.     Prediction and confirmation of the presence of disease-related miRNAs is beneficial to understand disease mechanisms at the miRNA level. However, the use of experimental …             Soluble P-selectin rescues viper venom–induced mortality through anti-inflammatory properties and PSGL-1 pathway-mediated correction of hemostasis ▶     Der-Shan Sun, Pei-Hsun Ho, Hsin-Hou Chang     Venomous snakebites are lethal and occur frequently worldwide each year, and receiving the antivenom antibody is currently the most effective treatment. However, the specific …             Involvement of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in dengue infection ▶     Kunlakanya Jitobaom, Natthida Tongluan, Duncan R. Smith     During infection, dengue virus (DENV) proteins interact with host cellular constituents promoting the remodeling of the cell to facilitate virus production. While a number of …             Zebrafish as a new model to study effects of periodontal pathogens on cardiovascular diseases ▶     Magdalena Widziolek, Tomasz K. Prajsnar, Simon Tazzyman et al.     Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a keystone pathogen in the aetiology of chronic periodontitis. However, recent evidence suggests that the bacterium is also able to enter the …             Red blood cell thickness is evolutionarily constrained by slow, hemoglobin-restricted diffusion in cytoplasm ▶     Sarah L. Richardson, Pawel Swietach     During capillary transit, red blood cells (RBCs) must exchange large quantities of CO2 and O2 in typically less than one second, but the degree to which this is rate-limited by …             NtKRP, a kinesin-12 protein, regulates embryo/seed size and seed germination via involving in cell cycle progression at the G2/M transition ▶     Shujuan Tian, Jingjing Wu, Fen Li et al.     Kinesins comprise a superfamily of microtubule-based motor proteins involved in essential processes in plant development, but few kinesins have been functionally identified …             Two flagellar BAR domain proteins in Trypanosoma brucei with stage-specific regulation ▶     Zdenka Cicova, Mario Dejung, Tomas Skalicky et al.     Trypanosomes are masters of adaptation to different host environments during their complex life cycle. Large-scale proteomic approaches provide information on changes at the …             tDCS over left M1 or DLPFC does not improve learning of a bimanual coordination task ▶     Kathleen Vancleef, Raf Meesen, Stephan P. Swinnen et al.     Previously, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) has resulted in improved performance in simple motor tasks. For a complex bimanual …             A role for intestinal TLR4-driven inflammatory response during activity-based anorexia ▶     Liliana Belmonte, Najate Achamrah, Séverine Nobis et al.     Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation and altered gut microbiota. However, the molecular origin of the inflammation remains unknown. Toll-like …             Brain responses to facial attractiveness induced by facial proportions: evidence from an fMRI study ▶     Hui Shen, Desmond K. P. Chau, Jianpo Su et al.     Brain responses to facial attractiveness induced by facial proportions are investigated by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in 41 young adults (22 males and 19 …             One compound of saponins from Disocorea zingiberensis protected against experimental acute pancreatitis by preventing mitochondria-mediated necrosis ▶     Rui Zhang, Li Wen, Yan Shen et al.     Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a painful inflammatory disorder of the exocrine pancreas, ranking as the most common gastrointestinal reasons for hospitalization with no specific …             Simvastatin induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits proliferation of bladder cancer cells via PPARγ signalling pathway ▶     Gang Wang, Rui Cao, Yongzhi Wang et al.     Simvastatin is currently one of the most common drugs for old patients with hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic diseases by reducing cholesterol level and …             Specificity Evaluation and Disease Monitoring in Arthritis Imaging with Complement Receptor of the Ig superfamily targeting Nanobodies ▶     Fang Zheng, Harris Perlman, Patrick Matthys et al.     Single-photon emission computed tomography combined with micro-CT (SPECT/μCT) imaging using Nanobodies against complement receptor of the Ig superfamily (CRIg), found on tissue …             Racial differences in microRNA and gene expression in hypertensive women ▶     Douglas F. Dluzen, Nicole Noren Hooten, Yongqing Zhang et al.     Systemic arterial hypertension is an important cause of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. African Americans are disproportionately affected by hypertension, in fact …             The use of targeted genomic capture and massively parallel sequencing in diagnosis of Chinese Leukoencephalopathies ▶     Xiaole Wang, Fang He, Fei Yin et al.     Leukoencephalopathies are diseases with high clinical heterogeneity. In clinical work, it’s difficult for doctors to make a definite etiological diagnosis. Here, we designed a …             Linearized texture of three-dimensional extracellular matrix is mandatory for bladder cancer cell invasion ▶     Massimo Alfano, Manuela Nebuloni, Raffaele Allevi et al.     In the fields of biomaterials and tissue engineering simulating the native microenvironment is of utmost importance. As a major component of the microenvironment, the …             Label-free detection of microRNA based on coupling multiple isothermal amplification techniques ▶     Xiangjiang Zheng, Li Niu, Di Wei et al.     MicroRNA (miRNA) was a promising class of cancer biomarkers. Here we developed a label-free method for sensitive measurement of let-7d miRNA based on multiple amplification …             Comparative venomics of Psyttalia lounsburyi and P. concolor, two olive fruit fly parasitoids: a hypothetical role for a GH1 β-glucosidase ▶     Hugo Mathé-Hubert, Dominique Colinet, Emeline Deleury et al.     Venom composition of parasitoid wasps attracts increasing interest – notably molecules ensuring parasitism success on arthropod pests – but its variation within and among taxa is …             Single 5 μm diameter needle electrode block modules for unit recordings in vivo ▶     H. Sawahata, S. Yamagiwa, A. Moriya et al.     Investigations into mechanisms in various cortical areas can be greatly improved and supported by stable recording of single neuronal activity. In this study, fine silicon wire …             MicroRNA-939 restricts Hepatitis B virus by targeting Jmjd3-mediated and C/EBPα-coordinated chromatin remodeling ▶     Cuncun Chen, Min Wu, Wen Zhang et al.     Multi-layered mechanisms of virus host interaction exist for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which have been typically manifested at the microRNA level. Our previous …             Variation in structure of proteins by adjusting reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated from dielectric barrier discharge jet ▶     Ji Hoon Park, Minsup Kim, Masaharu Shiratani et al.     Over the last few years, the variation in liquid chemistry due to the development of radicals generated by cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has played an important role in plasma …             Mesenchymal state of intimal cells may explain higher propensity to ascending aortic aneurysm in bicuspid aortic valves ▶     Shohreh Maleki, Sanela Kjellqvist, Valentina Paloschi et al.     Individuals with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) are at significantly higher risk of developing aortic complications than individuals with tricuspid aortic valves (TAV) and …             Disabled-2 Determines Commitment of a Pre-adipocyte Population in Juvenile Mice ▶     Wensi Tao, Robert Moore, Yue Meng et al.     Disabled-2 (Dab2) is a widely expressed clathrin binding endocytic adaptor protein and known for the endocytosis of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) family receptors. Dab2 also …             Spatial and temporal movements in Pyrenean bearded vultures (Gypaetus barbatus): Integrating movement ecology into conservation practice ▶     Antoni Margalida, Juan Manuel Pérez-García, Ivan Afonso et al.     Understanding the movement of threatened species is important if we are to optimize management and conservation actions. Here, we describe the age and sex specific spatial and …                 Chemical Sciences ▲ top               High-resolution MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of gallotannins and monoterpene glucosides in the root of Paeonia lactiflora ▶     Bin Li, Dhaka Ram Bhandari, Andreas Römpp et al.     High-resolution atmospheric-pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AP-SMALDI MSI) at 10 μm pixel size was performed …             Smooth deuterated cellulose films for the visualisation of adsorbed bio-macromolecules ▶     Jielong Su, Vikram S. Raghuwanshi, Warwick Raverty et al.     Novel thin and smooth deuterated cellulose films were synthesised to visualize adsorbed bio-macromolecules using contrast variation neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements. …             Solution conformation and flexibility of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis and glycoconjugates with the tetanus toxoid protein ▶     Ali Saber Abdelhameed, Gordon A. Morris, Fahad Almutairi et al.     The structural integrity of meningococcal native, micro-fluidized and activated capsular polysaccharides and their glycoconjugates – in the form most relevant to their potential …             Synchronization in flickering of three-coupled candle flames ▶     Keiko Okamoto, Akifumi Kijima, Yoshitaka Umeno et al.     When two or more candle flames are fused by approaching them together, the resulting large flame often exhibits flickering, i.e., prolonged high-frequency oscillation in its size …                 Physical Sciences ▲ top               High-resolution MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of gallotannins and monoterpene glucosides in the root of Paeonia lactiflora ▶     Bin Li, Dhaka Ram Bhandari, Andreas Römpp et al.     High-resolution atmospheric-pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AP-SMALDI MSI) at 10 μm pixel size was performed …             Smooth deuterated cellulose films for the visualisation of adsorbed bio-macromolecules ▶     Jielong Su, Vikram S. Raghuwanshi, Warwick Raverty et al.     Novel thin and smooth deuterated cellulose films were synthesised to visualize adsorbed bio-macromolecules using contrast variation neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements. …             Time-resolved imaging of magnetic vortex dynamics using holography with extended reference autocorrelation by linear differential operator ▶     N. Bukin, C. McKeever, E. Burgos-Parra et al.     The magnetisation dynamics of the vortex core and Landau pattern of magnetic thin-film elements has been studied using holography with extended reference autocorrelation by …             Energy-filtered Electron Transport Structures for Low-power Low-noise 2-D Electronics ▶     Xuan Pan, Wanzhi Qiu, Efstratios Skafidas     In addition to cryogenic techniques, energy filtering has the potential to achieve high-performance low-noise 2-D electronic systems. Assemblies based on graphene quantum dots …             Abrupt onset of tongue deformation and phase space response of ions in magnetically-confined plasmas ▶     K. Ida, T. Kobayashi, K. Itoh et al.     An abrupt onset of the new tongue-shaped deformation of magnetic surface in magnetized plasmas, which was conjectured in since the 1960s but has not been observed, is …             GigaGauss solenoidal magnetic field inside bubbles excited in under-dense plasma ▶     Zs. Lécz, I. V. Konoplev, A. Seryi et al.     This paper proposes a novel and effective method for generating GigaGauss level, solenoidal quasi-static magnetic fields in under-dense plasma using screw-shaped high intensity …             Calculation of exchange integrals and Curie temperature for La-substituted barium hexaferrites ▶     Chuanjian Wu, Zhong Yu, Ke Sun et al.     As the macro behavior of the strength of exchange interaction, state of the art of Curie temperature Tc, which is directly proportional to the exchange integrals, makes sense to …             Big Area Additive Manufacturing of High Performance Bonded NdFeB Magnets ▶     Ling Li, Angelica Tirado, I. C. Nlebedim et al.     Additive manufacturing allows for the production of complex parts with minimum material waste, offering an effective technique for fabricating permanent magnets which frequently …             Thermophysical properties and oxygen transport in (Thx,Pu1−x)O2 ▶     C. O. T. Galvin, M. W. D. Cooper, M. J. D. Rushton et al.     Using Molecular Dynamics, this paper investigates the thermophysical properties and oxygen transport of (Thx,Pu1−x)O2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) between 300–3500 K. In particular, the …             A Novel Broadband Band-pass Filter Based on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons ▶     Lei Zhao, Xin Zhang, Jun Wang et al.     In this paper, we present a novel broadband bandpass filter based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) in the microwave frequency band. The proposed bandpass filter …             Synthesis of Micelles Guided Magnetite (Fe3O4) Hollow Spheres and their application for AC Magnetic Field Responsive Drug Release ▶     Madhuri Mandal Goswami     This paper reports on synthesis of hollow spheres of magnetite, guided by micelles and their application in drug release by the stimulus responsive technique. Here oleyelamine …             Understanding Longitudinal Wood Fiber Ultra-structure for Producing Cellulose Nanofibrils Using Disk Milling with Diluted Acid Prehydrolysis ▶     Yanlin Qin, Xueqing Qiu, J.Y. Zhu     Here we used dilute oxalic acid to pretreat a kraft bleached Eucalyptus pulp (BEP) fibers to facilitate mechanical fibrillation in producing cellulose nanofibrils using disk …             Compact and Thermosensitive Nature-inspired Micropump ▶     Hyejeong Kim, Kiwoong Kim, Sang Joon Lee     Liquid transportation without employing a bulky power source, often observed in nature, has been an essential prerequisite for smart applications of microfluidic devices. In this …             Dissipative phases across the superconductor-to-insulator transition ▶     F. Couëdo, O. Crauste, A. A. Drillien et al.     Competing phenomena in low dimensional systems can generate exotic electronic phases, either through symmetry breaking or a non-trivial topology. In two-dimensional (2D) systems, …             Temperature- and wavelength-insensitive parametric amplification enabled by noncollinear achromatic phase-matching ▶     Daolong Tang, Jingui Ma, Jing Wang et al.     Optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) has been demonstrated to be a promising approach for pushing femtosecond pulses towards ultra-high peak powers. However, …             Advanced Raman Spectroscopy of Methylammonium Lead Iodide: Development of a Non-destructive Characterisation Methodology ▶     Paul Pistor, Alejandro Ruiz, Andreu Cabot et al.     In recent years, there has been an impressively fast technological progress in the development of highly efficient lead halide perovskite solar cells. However, the stability of …             Difference between Chitosan Hydrogels via Alkaline and Acidic Solvent Systems ▶     Jingyi Nie, Zhengke Wang, Qiaoling Hu     Chitosan (CS) has generated considerable interest for its desirable properties and wide applications. Hydrogel has been proven to be a major and vital form in the applications of …             Investigation into the Advantages of Pure Perovskite Film without PbI2 for High Performance Solar Cell ▶     Uisik Kwon, Md Mehedi Hasan, Wenping Yin et al.     In CH3NH3PbI3-based high efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs), tiny amount of PbI2 impurity was often found with the perovskite crystal. However, for two-step solution …             Spin-Hall nano-oscillator with oblique magnetization and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction as generator of skyrmions and nonreciprocal spin-waves ▶     A. Giordano, R. Verba, R. Zivieri et al.     Spin-Hall oscillators (SHO) are promising sources of spin-wave signals for magnonics applications, and can serve as building blocks for magnonic logic in ultralow power …             Numerical analysis of an optical nanoscale particles trapping device based on a slotted nanobeam cavity ▶     Senlin Zhang, Zhengdong Yong, Yaocheng Shi et al.     A slotted nanobeam cavity (SNC) is utilized to trap a polystyrene (PS) particle with a radius of only 2 nm. The carefully designed SNC shows an ultrahigh Q factor of 4.5 × 107 …             Adaptive Intuitionistic Fuzzy Enhancement of Brain Tumor MR Images ▶     He Deng, Wankai Deng, Xianping Sun et al.     Image enhancement techniques are able to improve the contrast and visual quality of magnetic resonance (MR) images. However, conventional methods cannot make up some deficiencies …             Delayed electron emission in strong-field driven tunnelling from a metallic nanotip in the multi-electron regime ▶     Hirofumi Yanagisawa, Sascha Schnepp, Christian Hafner et al.     Illuminating a nano-sized metallic tip with ultrashort laser pulses leads to the emission of electrons due to multiphoton excitations. As optical fields become stronger, …             Optimization of Optical Absorption of Colloids of SiO2@Au and Fe3O4@Au Nanoparticles with Constraints ▶     Xiaozheng Xue, Viktor Sukhotskiy, Edward P. Furlani     We study the optical response of monodisperse colloids of core-shell plasmonic nanoparticles and introduce a computational approach to optimize absorption for photothermal …             Simultaneous delivery of Paclitaxel and Bcl-2 siRNA via pH-Sensitive liposomal nanocarrier for the synergistic treatment of melanoma ▶     Teegala Lakshminarayan Reddy, Koteswara Rao Garikapati, S. Gopal Reddy et al.     pH-sensitive drug carriers that are sensitive to the acidic (pH = ~6.5) microenvironments of tumor tissues have been primarily used as effective drug/gene/siRNA/microRNA carriers …             Homophily in coauthorship networks of East European sociologists ▶     Marian-Gabriel Hâncean, Matjaž Perc     We study to what degree and how homophily and network properties affect individual citation counts of researchers in the sociology departments of three East European countries, …             Synchronizing stochastic circadian oscillators in single cells of Neurospora crassa ▶     Zhaojie Deng, Sam Arsenault, Cristian Caranica et al.     The synchronization of stochastic coupled oscillators is a central problem in physics and an emerging problem in biology, particularly in the context of circadian rhythms. Most …             Hi-C-constrained physical models of human chromosomes recover functionally-related properties of genome organization ▶     Marco Di Stefano, Jonas Paulsen, Tonje G. Lien et al.     Combining genome-wide structural models with phenomenological data is at the forefront of efforts to understand the organizational principles regulating the human genome. Here, …             Synchronization in flickering of three-coupled candle flames ▶     Keiko Okamoto, Akifumi Kijima, Yoshitaka Umeno et al.     When two or more candle flames are fused by approaching them together, the resulting large flame often exhibits flickering, i.e., prolonged high-frequency oscillation in its size …             Pure spin current devices based on ferromagnetic topological insulators ▶     Matthias Götte, Michael Joppe, Thomas Dahm     Two-dimensional topological insulators possess two counter propagating edge channels with opposite spin direction. Recent experimental progress allowed to create ferromagnetic …             Intrinsic and extrinsic pinning in NdFeAs(O,F): vortex trapping and lock-in by the layered structure ▶     C. Tarantini, K. Iida, J. Hänisch et al.     Fe-based superconductors (FBS) present a large variety of compounds whose properties are affected to different extents by their crystal structures. Amongst them, the REFeAs(O,F) (…             In situ Scanning Electron Microscopy of Silicon Anode Reactions in Lithium-Ion Batteries during Charge/Discharge Processes ▶     Chih-Yao Chen, Teruki Sano, Tetsuya Tsuda et al.     A comprehensive understanding of the charge/discharge behaviour of high-capacity anode active materials, e.g., Si and Li, is essential for the design and development of …             Hydrogen-doped Brookite TiO2 Nanobullets Array as a Novel Photoanode for Efficient Solar Water Splitting ▶     Mingi Choi, June Ho Lee, Youn Jeong Jang et al.     As a representative photocatalyst for photoelectrochemical solar water splitting, TiO2 has been intensively studied but most researches have focused on the rutile and anatsase …             High efficiency holographic Bragg grating with optically prolonged memory ▶     Iam Choon Khoo, Chun-Wei Chen, Tsung-Jui Ho     In this paper, we show that photosensitive azo-dye doped Blue-phase liquid crystals (BPLC) formed by natural molecular self-assembly are capable of high diffraction efficiency …             A Carbonaceous Membrane based on a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) for Water Treatment ▶     Hee Joong Kim, Dong-Gyun Kim, Kyuchul Lee et al.     As insufficient access to clean water is expected to become worse in the near future, water purification is becoming increasingly important. Membrane filtration is the most …             A fully functionalized metamaterial perfect absorber with simple design and implementation ▶     Sze Ming Fu, Yan Kai Zhong, Ming Hsiang Tu et al.     Broadband perfect metamaterial absorbers have been drawing significant attention in recent years. A close-to-unity absorption over a broad spectral range is established and this …             The mechanical behavior dependence on the TiB whisker realignment during hot-working in titanium matrix composites ▶     Fengcang Ma, Ping Liu, Wei Li et al.     Low-cost TiB whiskers reinforced titanium matrix composite (TMCs) was fabricated with enhanced mechanical performances using in situ technologies and hot working. Morphologies …             Current controlled switching of impedance in magnetic conductor with tilted anisotropy easy axis and its applications ▶     Mihail Ipatov, Valentina Zhukova, Arkady Zhukov et al.     We present a concept and prototype of a memory element based on current driven magneto-impedance (MI) effect that stores the binary data (0, 1) as the orientation of the …             Collective Influence of Multiple Spreaders Evaluated by Tracing Real Information Flow in Large-Scale Social Networks ▶     Xian Teng, Sen Pei, Flaviano Morone et al.     Identifying the most influential spreaders that maximize information flow is a central question in network theory. Recently, a scalable method called “Collective Influence (CI)” …             Learning robust pulses for generating universal quantum gates ▶     Daoyi Dong, Chengzhi Wu, Chunlin Chen et al.     Constructing a set of universal quantum gates is a fundamental task for quantum computation. The existence of noises, disturbances and fluctuations is unavoidable during the …             Broadband Focusing Acoustic Lens Based on Fractal Metamaterials ▶     Gang Yong Song, Bei Huang, Hui Yuan Dong et al.     Acoustic metamaterials are artificial structures which can manipulate sound waves through their unconventional effective properties. Different from the locally resonant elements …             Particulate matter emissions from biochar-amended soils as a potential tradeoff to the negative emission potential ▶     Sujith Ravi, Brenton S. Sharratt, Junran Li et al.     Novel carbon sequestration strategies such as large-scale land application of biochar may provide sustainable pathways to increase the terrestrial storage of carbon. Biochar has …             Solution conformation and flexibility of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis and glycoconjugates with the tetanus toxoid protein ▶     Ali Saber Abdelhameed, Gordon A. Morris, Fahad Almutairi et al.     The structural integrity of meningococcal native, micro-fluidized and activated capsular polysaccharides and their glycoconjugates – in the form most relevant to their potential …             Improvement of Terahertz Wave Radiation for InAs Nanowires by Simple Dipping into Tap Water ▶     Dong Woo Park, Young Bin Ji, Jehwan Hwang et al.     We report improvement of terahertz (THz) wave radiation for Si-based catalyst-free InAs nanowires (NWs) by simple dipping into tap water (DTW). In addition, the possibility of …             Effects of Pore-Scale Disorder on Fluid Displacement in Partially-Wettable Porous Media ▶     Ran Holtzman     We present a systematic, quantitative assessment of the impact of pore size disorder and its interplay with flow rates and wettability on immiscible displacement of a viscous …             Terahertz reflectometry imaging for low and high grade gliomas ▶     Young Bin Ji, Seung Jae Oh, Seok-Gu Kang et al.     Gross total resection (GTR) of glioma is critical for improving the survival rate of glioma patients. One of the greatest challenges for achieving GTR is the difficulty in …             Critical scaling of icosahedral medium-range order in CuZr metallic glass-forming liquids ▶     Z. W. Wu, F. X. Li, C. W. Huo et al.     The temperature evolution of icosahedral medium-range order formed by interpenetrating icosahedra in CuZr metallic glassforming liquids was investigated via molecular dynamics …             Flaw-induced plastic-flow dynamics in bulk metallic glasses under tension ▶     S. H. Chen, T. M. Yue, C. P. Tsui et al.     Inheriting amorphous atomic structures without crystalline lattices, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are known to have superior mechanical properties, such as high strength …             Form, shape and function: segmented blood flow in the choriocapillaris ▶     M. A. Zouache, I. Eames, C. A. Klettner et al.     The development of fluid transport systems was a key event in the evolution of animals and plants. While within vertebrates branched geometries predominate, the choriocapillaris, …             Chitosan Hydrogel Structure Modulated by Metal Ions ▶     Jingyi Nie, Zhengke Wang, Qiaoling Hu     As one of the most important polysaccharide, chitosan (CS) has generated a great deal of interest for its desirable properties and wide applications. In the utilization of CS …             Synchronization in slowly switching networks of coupled oscillators ▶     Jie Zhou, Yong Zou, Shuguang Guan et al.     Networks whose structure of connections evolves in time constitute a big challenge in the study of synchronization, in particular when the time scales for the evolution of the …             Dispersing upconversion nanocrystals in a single silicon microtube ▶     Hanyang Li, Yan Wang, Hui Li et al.     Nanocrystals of Ln3+ (Ln = Yb, Tm and Ho) doped β-NaLuF4 with average diameter about 200 nm are dispersed in silica-based microtube (MT) by a simple flame heating method. The …             Variation in structure of proteins by adjusting reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated from dielectric barrier discharge jet ▶     Ji Hoon Park, Minsup Kim, Masaharu Shiratani et al.     Over the last few years, the variation in liquid chemistry due to the development of radicals generated by cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has played an important role in plasma …             Single 5 μm diameter needle electrode block modules for unit recordings in vivo ▶     H. Sawahata, S. Yamagiwa, A. Moriya et al.     Investigations into mechanisms in various cortical areas can be greatly improved and supported by stable recording of single neuronal activity. In this study, fine silicon wire …               Earth & Environmental Sciences ▲ top               Air exposure of coral is a significant source of dimethylsulfide (DMS) to the atmosphere ▶     Frances E. Hopkins, Thomas G. Bell, Mingxi Yang et al.     Corals are prolific producers of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). High atmospheric concentrations of the DMSP breakdown product dimethylsulfide (DMS) have been linked to coral …             Shedding light on cell compartmentation in the candidate phylum Poribacteria by high resolution visualisation and transcriptional profiling ▶     Martin T. Jahn, Sebastian M. Markert, Taewoo Ryu et al.     Assigning functions to uncultivated environmental microorganisms continues to be a challenging endeavour. Here, we present a new microscopy protocol for fluorescence in situ …             The robustness of ecosystems to the species loss of community ▶     Qing Cai, Jiming Liu     To study the robustness of ecosystems is crucial to promote the sustainable development of human society. This paper aims to analyze the robustness of ecosystems from an …             Satellite NO2 retrievals suggest China has exceeded its NOx reduction goals from the twelfth Five-Year Plan ▶     Benjamin de Foy, Zifeng Lu, David G. Streets     China’s twelfth Five-Year Plan included pollution control measures with a goal of reducing national emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by 10% by 2015 compared with 2010. Multiple …             Mechanisms on the morphology variation of hematite crystals by Al substitution: The modification of Fe and O reticular densities ▶     Wei Li, Xiaoliang Liang, Pengfei An et al.     Al substitution in hematite is ubiquitous in soils. With the increase of Al amount, the hematite morphology changes from rhombohedral crystals to disk-shaped ones, but the …             Antioxidant and Antitumor Activity of a Bioactive Polyphenolic Fraction Isolated from the Brewing Process ▶     Marco Tatullo, Grazia Maria Simone, Franco Tarullo et al.     There is increasing interest in identifying natural bioactive compounds that can improve mitochondrial functionality and regulate apoptosis. The brewery industry generates …             Changes in microbial communities, photosynthesis and calcification of the coral Acropora gemmifera in response to ocean acidification ▶     Guowei Zhou, Tao Yuan, Lin Cai et al.     With the increasing anthropogenic CO2 concentration, ocean acidification (OA) can have dramatic effects on coral reefs. However, the effects of OA on coral physiology and the …             Phylogenetic and functional potential links pH and N2O emissions in pasture soils ▶     M. d. Sainur Samad, Ambarish Biswas, Lars R. Bakken et al.     Denitrification is mediated by microbial, and physicochemical, processes leading to nitrogen loss via N2O and N2 emissions. Soil pH regulates the reduction of N2O to N2, however, …             Integrated presentation of ecological risk from multiple stressors ▶     Benoit Goussen, Oliver R. Price, Cecilie Rendal et al.     Current environmental risk assessments (ERA) do not account explicitly for ecological factors (e.g. species composition, temperature or food availability) and multiple stressors. …             Responses of bacterial community structure and denitrifying bacteria in biofilm to submerged macrophytes and nitrate ▶     Songhe Zhang, Si Pang, Peifang Wang et al.     Submerged macrophytes play important roles in constructed wetlands and natural water bodies, as these organisms remove nutrients and provide large surfaces for biofilms, which …             Global-scale river flood vulnerability in the last 50 years ▶     Masahiro Tanoue, Yukiko Hirabayashi, Hiroaki Ikeuchi     The impacts of flooding are expected to rise due to population increases, economic growth and climate change. Hence, understanding the physical and spatiotemporal characteristics …             Dynamics of soil organic and inorganic carbon in the cropland of upper Yellow River Delta, China ▶     Yang Guo, Xiujun Wang, Xianglan Li et al.     Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and organic carbon (SOC) are important carbon reservoirs in terrestrial ecosystems. However, little attention was paid to SIC dynamics in cropland. We …             Exploring the Influence of Environmental Factors on Bacterial Communities within the Rhizosphere of the Cu-tolerant plant, Elsholtzia splendens ▶     Longfei Jiang, Mengke Song, Li Yang et al.     Bacterial communities of rhizospheric soils play an important role in the tolerance and uptake of metal-tolerant/hyperaccumulating plants to metals, e.g. the Cu-tolerant …             Modeling analysis of secondary inorganic aerosols over China: pollution characteristics, and meteorological and dust impacts ▶     Xiao Fu, Shuxiao Wang, Xing Chang et al.     Secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) are the predominant components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and have significant impacts on air quality, human health, and climate …             Effects of Pore-Scale Disorder on Fluid Displacement in Partially-Wettable Porous Media ▶     Ran Holtzman     We present a systematic, quantitative assessment of the impact of pore size disorder and its interplay with flow rates and wettability on immiscible displacement of a viscous …             Discrimination of transgenic soybean seeds by terahertz spectroscopy ▶     Wei Liu, Changhong Liu, Feng Chen et al.     Discrimination of genetically modified organisms is increasingly demanded by legislation and consumers worldwide. The feasibility of a non-destructive discrimination of …             Particulate matter emissions from biochar-amended soils as a potential tradeoff to the negative emission potential ▶     Sujith Ravi, Brenton S. Sharratt, Junran Li et al.     Novel carbon sequestration strategies such as large-scale land application of biochar may provide sustainable pathways to increase the terrestrial storage of carbon. Biochar has …             A Carbonaceous Membrane based on a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) for Water Treatment ▶     Hee Joong Kim, Dong-Gyun Kim, Kyuchul Lee et al.     As insufficient access to clean water is expected to become worse in the near future, water purification is becoming increasingly important. Membrane filtration is the most …             Responses of the summer Asian-Pacific zonal thermal contrast and the associated evolution of atmospheric circulation to transient orbital changes during the Holocene ▶     Dong Xiao, Ping Zhao, Yue Wang et al.     This study investigates the response of large-scale atmospheric circulation over the Asian-Pacific sector and precipitation over eastern China to transient orbital changes during …             Equatorial Pacific forcing of western Amazonian precipitation during Heinrich Stadial 1 ▶     Yancheng Zhang, Xu Zhang, Cristiano M. Chiessi et al.     Abundant hydroclimatic evidence from western Amazonia and the adjacent Andes documents wet conditions during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1, 18–15 ka), a cold period in the high …             Lead chromate detected as a source of atmospheric Pb and Cr (VI) pollution ▶     Pyeong-Koo Lee, Soonyoung Yu, Hye Jung Chang et al.     Spherical black carbon aggregates were frequently observed in dust dry deposition in Daejeon, Korea. They were tens of micrometers in diameter and presented a mixture of black …             Quantitative Relationship between Cadmium Uptake and the Kinetics of Phytochelatin Induction by Cadmium in a Marine Diatom ▶     Yun Wu, Zhiqiang Guo, Wei Zhang et al.     Heavy metals activate the synthesis of phytochelatins (PCs), while the induced PCs might affect metal uptake via chelating intracellular free metals. However, the relationship of …             Spatial and temporal movements in Pyrenean bearded vultures (Gypaetus barbatus): Integrating movement ecology into conservation practice ▶     Antoni Margalida, Juan Manuel Pérez-García, Ivan Afonso et al.     Understanding the movement of threatened species is important if we are to optimize management and conservation actions. Here, we describe the age and sex specific spatial and …               Health Sciences ▲ top               The Association between Impaired Glucose Regulation and Prognosis of Chinese Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage ▶     Shichao Sun, Yuesong Pan, Xingquan Zhao et al.     This study aimed at observing the influence of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) on 1-year outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Patients hospitalized for ICH …             Prognostic significance of miR-1268a expression and its beneficial effects for post-operative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma ▶     Yun-Long Lu, Jin-Guang Yao, Xiao-Ying Huang et al.     Our recent investigation has shown that the variables of microRNA-1268a may involve in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis. Here, we attempted to identify the prognostic …             The osteogenic potential of human bone callus ▶     Weiqi Han, Wei He, Wanlei Yang et al.     Bone callus, generated during fracture healing, is commonly discarded during surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic potential of bone callus …             Phenotype-genotype correlation in multiple primary lung cancer patients in China ▶     Yang Yang, Wei Yin, Wenxin He et al.     Due to recent advances in high-resolution detection technology, multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) is becoming an increasingly common diagnosis. However, the genotype-phenotype …             Strontium inhibits titanium particle-induced osteoclast activation and chronic inflammation via suppression of NF-κB pathway ▶     Shijun Zhu, Xuanyang Hu, Yunxia Tao et al.     Wear-particle-induced chronic inflammation and osteoclastogenesis have been identified as critical factors of aseptic loosening. Although strontium is known to be involved in …             Clinical analysis of HIV/AIDS patients with drug eruption in Yunnan, China ▶     Yu-Ye Li, Yong-Mei Jin, Li-Ping He et al.     Drug eruption is the most common clinical presentation in patients with HIV/AIDS. The systemic clinical and risk factors associated with drug eruption remain unknown. A …             Interferon-alpha therapy for refractory kaposiform hemangioendothelioma: a single-center experience ▶     Hai Wei Wu, Xuan Wang, Ling Zhang et al.     Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a relatively rare vascular tumor with an aggressive and infiltrating nature. Previous studies have revealed an exclusive relationship …             Lymphadenectomy and risk of reoperation or mortality shortly after surgery for oesophageal cancer ▶     Jesper Lagergren, Fredrik Mattsson, Andrew Davies et al.     The prognostic role of lymphadenectomy during surgery for oesophageal cancer is questioned. We aimed to test whether higher lymph node harvest increases the risk of early …             Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C: a novel target gene of miR-214-3p in suppressing angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy ▶     Chun-Mei Tang, Fang-zhou Liu, Jie-Ning Zhu et al.     The role of microRNA-214-3p (miR-214-3p) in cardiac hypertrophy was not well illustrated. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and potential target of miR-214-3p …             Three-dimensional ultrastructural analyses of anterior pituitary gland expose spatial relationships between endocrine cell secretory granule localization and capillary distribution ▶     Munetake Yoshitomi, Keisuke Ohta, Tomonoshin Kanazawa et al.     Endocrine and endothelial cells of the anterior pituitary gland frequently make close appositions or contacts, and the secretory granules of each endocrine cell tend to …             Single-Multiplex Detection of Organ Injury Biomarkers using SPRi based Nano-Immunosensor ▶     Effat Zeidan, Siqi Li, Zhiguo Zhou et al.     The clinical assessment of multiple organ dysfunctions at early stages is recognized to be an important factor in prompting definitive treatment decisions that prevent …             Compact and Thermosensitive Nature-inspired Micropump ▶     Hyejeong Kim, Kiwoong Kim, Sang Joon Lee     Liquid transportation without employing a bulky power source, often observed in nature, has been an essential prerequisite for smart applications of microfluidic devices. In this …             lncRNA H19/miR-675 axis regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting VDAC1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy ▶     Xiangquan Li, Hao Wang, Biao Yao et al.     We previously established a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and found that the expression of lncRNA H19 was significantly downregulated. The present study was designed …             Rapid and sustained cognitive recovery in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by co-administration of EPPS and donepezil ▶     Hye Yun Kim, Hyunjin Vincent Kim, Dongkeun K. Lee et al.     Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by sequential progression of pathological events, such as aggregation of amyloid-β proteins, followed by …             Alpha-enolase on apical surface of renal tubular epithelial cells serves as a calcium oxalate crystal receptor ▶     Kedsarin Fong-ngern, Visith Thongboonkerd     To search for a strategy to prevent kidney stone formation/recurrence, this study addressed the role of α-enolase on apical membrane of renal tubular cells in mediating calcium …             Metabolomics reveals the protective of Dihydromyricetin on glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin sensitivity ▶     Liang Le, Baoping Jiang, Wenting Wan et al.     Dihydromyricetin (DMY), an important flavanone found in Ampelopsis grossedentata, possesses antioxidative properties that ameliorate skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and exert …             Ubc13 haploinsufficiency protects against age-related insulin resistance and high-fat diet-induced obesity ▶     Erina Joo, Toru Fukushima, Norio Harada et al.     Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation that leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes via Toll-like Receptor (TLR) and TNF-family cytokine receptor (TNFR) …             A dual specificity kinase, DYRK1A, as a potential therapeutic target for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ▶     Aneesha Radhakrishnan, Vishalakshi Nanjappa, Remya Raja et al.     Despite advances in clinical management, 5-year survival rate in patients with late-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not improved significantly over the …             Pollen/TLR4 Innate Immunity Signaling Initiates IL-33/ST2/Th2 Pathways in Allergic Inflammation ▶     Jin Li, Lili Zhang, Xin Chen et al.     Innate immunity has been extended to respond environmental pathogen other than microbial components. Here we explore a novel pollen/TLR4 innate immunity in allergic inflammation. …             Ductular reaction-on-a-chip: Microfluidic co-cultures to study stem cell fate selection during liver injury ▶     Amranul Haque, Pantea Gheibi, Gulnaz Stybayeva et al.     Liver injury modulates local microenvironment, triggering production of signals that instruct stem cell fate choices. In this study, we employed a microfluidic co-culture system …             Heme-mediated apoptosis and fusion damage in BeWo trophoblast cells ▶     Mingli Liu, Salifu Hassana, Jonathan K. Stiles     Placental malaria (PM) is a complication associated with malaria infection during pregnancy that often leads to abortion, premature delivery, intrauterine growth restriction and …             Fully automated grey and white matter spinal cord segmentation ▶     Ferran Prados, M. Jorge Cardoso, Marios C. Yiannakas et al.     Axonal loss in the spinal cord is one of the main contributing factors to irreversible clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). In vivo axonal loss can be assessed …             The Efficacy and Risk Profile of c-Met inhibitors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: a Meta-analysis ▶     Sa Ye, Jiuke Li, Ke Hao et al.     c-MET inhibitors are considered as a kind of novel drugs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. However, the results of different clinical studies involving c-MET …             Surgical technique for allogeneic uterus transplantation in macaques ▶     Hideaki Obara, Iori Kisu, Yojiro Kato et al.     No study has reported an animal model of uterus transplantation (UTx) using cynomolgus macaques. We aimed to establish a surgical technique of allogeneic UTx assuming the …             S100A8 promotes migration and infiltration of inflammatory cells in acute anterior uveitis ▶     Yuqin Wang, Zuhui Zhang, Laihe Zhang et al.     Uveitis, the pathologic condition of inflammation of the uvea, frequently leads to severe vision loss and blindness. S100A8 is a calcium-binding protein which mainly expresses in …             Infantile Hemangioma Originates From A Dysregulated But Not Fully Transformed Multipotent Stem Cell ▶     Shaghayegh Harbi, Rong Wang, Michael Gregory et al.     Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common tumor of infancy. Its cellular origin and biological signals for uncontrolled growth are poorly understood, and specific …             Antioxidant and Antitumor Activity of a Bioactive Polyphenolic Fraction Isolated from the Brewing Process ▶     Marco Tatullo, Grazia Maria Simone, Franco Tarullo et al.     There is increasing interest in identifying natural bioactive compounds that can improve mitochondrial functionality and regulate apoptosis. The brewery industry generates …             HCV core protein inhibits polarization and activity of both M1 and M2 macrophages through the TLR2 signaling pathway ▶     Qianqian Zhang, Yang Wang, Naicui Zhai et al.     Hepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes persistent infection in most infected patients, and eventually causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in some …             Prevalence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Qingdao City, China, 2010–2014 ▶     Fachun Jiang, Zhentang Zhang, Liyan Dong et al.     Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) was considered to be transmitted by Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus, the principal animal hosts of Hantaan virus and Seoul …             CRISPR RNA-guided FokI nucleases repair a PAH variant in a phenylketonuria model ▶     Yi Pan, Nan Shen, Sabine Jung-Klawitter et al.     The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a recently developed genome editing technique. In this study, we used a modified CRISPR system, which employs the fusion of inactive Cas9 (dCas9) and …             Goblet Cell Hyperplasia Requires High Bicarbonate Transport To Support Mucin Release ▶     Giulia Gorrieri, Paolo Scudieri, Emanuela Caci et al.     Goblet cell hyperplasia, a feature of asthma and other respiratory diseases, is driven by the Th-2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. In human bronchial epithelial cells, we find that …             Identification of different respiratory viruses, after a cell culture step, by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) ▶     Adriana Calderaro, Maria Cristina Arcangeletti, Isabella Rodighiero et al.     In this study matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), a reliable identification method for the diagnosis of bacterial and …             Revealing the diversity of extracellular vesicles using high-dimensional flow cytometry analyses ▶     Geneviève Marcoux, Anne-Claire Duchez, Nathalie Cloutier et al.     Extracellular vesicles (EV) are small membrane vesicles produced by cells upon activation and apoptosis. EVs are heterogeneous according to their origin, mode of release, …             Visceral Adiposity and Anthropometric Indicators as Screening Tools of Metabolic Syndrome among Low Income Rural Adults in Xinjiang ▶     Shu-xia Guo, Xiang-hui Zhang, Jing-yu Zhang et al.     Most previous studies on metabolic syndrome (MetS) examined urban and high income settings. We thus investigated the prevalence of MetS among a multi-ethnic population living in …             Specific inhibition of ICAM-1 effectively reduces bladder inflammation in a rat model of severe non-bacterial cystitis ▶     Xiang Zhang, Hongchao He, Guoliang Lu et al.     The development and progression of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is closely related to bladder inflammation. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is …             von Willebrand factor contributes to poor outcome in a mouse model of intracerebral haemorrhage ▶     Ximin Zhu, Yongliang Cao, Lixiang Wei et al.     Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating stroke subtype and has no proven treatment. von Willebrand factor (VWF) has recently been demonstrated to …             Identification and validation of candidate epigenetic biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma ▶     Iben Daugaard, Diana Dominguez, Tina E. Kjeldsen et al.     Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression, and disease-specific …             A Reduction-Based Sensor for Acrolein Conjugates with the Inexpensive Nitrobenzene as an Alternative to Monoclonal Antibody ▶     Masayuki Takamatsu, Koichi Fukase, Ritsuko Oka et al.     Acrolein, a highly toxic α, β–unsaturated aldehyde, has been a longstanding key biomarker associated with a range of disorders related to oxidative stresses. One of the most …             Cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin reduced white matter injury and prevented post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage ▶     Rongwei Li, Kang Ma, Hengli Zhao et al.     The morbidity, mortality, and disability associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) secondary to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represent a global burden. To date, there …             Risk Factors for Sporadic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Case-Control Study ▶     Qiwen Ben, Jie Zhong, Jian Fei et al.     The current study examined risk factors for sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), including smoking, alcohol use, first-degree family history of any cancer (FHC), …             Being overweight in early adulthood is associated with increased mortality in middle age ▶     David Carslake, Mona Jeffreys, George Davey Smith     Observational analyses of the association between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality often suggest that overweight is neutral or beneficial, but such analyses are …             Diagnostic Value and Surgical Implications of the 3D DW-SSFP MRI On the Management of Patients with Brachial Plexus Injuries ▶     Ben-Gang Qin, Jian-Tao Yang, Yi Yang et al.     Three-dimensional diffusion-weighted steady-state free precession (3D DW-SSFP) of high-resolution magnetic resonance has emerged as a promising method to visualize the peripheral …             Renoprotective Effects of Metformin are Independent of Organic Cation Transporters 1 & 2 and AMP-activated Protein Kinase in the Kidney ▶     Michael Christensen, Jonas B. Jensen, Steen Jakobsen et al.     The type-2 diabetes drug metformin has proven to have protective effects in several renal disease models. Here, we investigated the protective effects in a 3-day unilateral …             Albumin Homodimers in Patients with Cirrhosis: Clinical and Prognostic Relevance of a Novel Identified Structural Alteration of the Molecule ▶     Maurizio Baldassarre, Marco Domenicali, Marina Naldi et al.     Decompensated cirrhosis is associated to extensive post-transcriptional changes of human albumin (HA). This study aims to characterize the occurrence of HA homodimerization in a …             System analysis of gene mutations and clinical phenotype in Chinese patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease ▶     Meiling Jin, Yuansheng Xie, Zhiqiang Chen et al.     Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disorder mainly caused by mutation in PKD1/PKD2. However, ethnic differences in …             Evaluating the transferability of 15 European-derived fasting plasma glucose SNPs in Mexican children and adolescents ▶     Christine Langlois, Arkan Abadi, Jesus Peralta-Romero et al.     Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in adult European populations. …             Differential expression of lncRNAs during the HIV replication cycle: an underestimated layer in the HIV-host interplay ▶     Wim Trypsteen, Pejman Mohammadi, Clarissa Van Hecke et al.     Studying the effects of HIV infection on the host transcriptome has typically focused on protein-coding genes. However, recent advances in the field of RNA sequencing revealed …             Mesenchymal stem cells with Sirt1 overexpression suppress breast tumor growth via chemokine-dependent natural killer cells recruitment ▶     Yang Yu, Yan Liu, Chen Zong et al.     Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are generally used in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and therapy for immune disorder diseases. However, due to the immunosuppressive …             Maltodextrin enhances biofilm elimination by electrochemical scaffold ▶     Sujala T. Sultana, Douglas R. Call, Haluk Beyenal     Electrochemical scaffolds (e-scaffolds) continuously generate low concentrations of H2O2 suitable for damaging wound biofilms without damaging host tissue. Nevertheless, retarded …             HULC cooperates with MALAT1 to aggravate liver cancer stem cells growth through telomere repeat-binding factor 2 ▶     Mengying Wu, Zhuojia Lin, Xiaonan Li et al.     The dysregulation of lncRNAs has increasingly been linked to many human diseases, especially in cancers. Our results demonstrate HULC, MALAT1 and TRF2 are highly expressed in …             HBV core promoter mutations and AKT upregulate S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 to promote postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma progression ▶     Lubiao Chen, Lin Gu, Yurong Gu et al.     Mutations in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) core promoter (CP) have been shown to be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The CP region overlaps HBV X gene, which …             Microparticles in the blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): phenotypic characterization and clinical associations ▶     Fariborz Mobarrez, Anna Vikerfors, Johanna T. Gustafsson et al.     Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by circulating autoantibodies and the formation of immune complexes. In these responses, the …             Prevalence of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTI) Resistance Mutations in Taiwan ▶     Sui-Yuan Chang, Pi-Han Lin, Chien-Lin Cheng et al.     Antiretroviral therapy containing an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) plus two NRTIs has become the recommended treatment for antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected …             One compound of saponins from Disocorea zingiberensis protected against experimental acute pancreatitis by preventing mitochondria-mediated necrosis ▶     Rui Zhang, Li Wen, Yan Shen et al.     Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a painful inflammatory disorder of the exocrine pancreas, ranking as the most common gastrointestinal reasons for hospitalization with no specific …             Simvastatin induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits proliferation of bladder cancer cells via PPARγ signalling pathway ▶     Gang Wang, Rui Cao, Yongzhi Wang et al.     Simvastatin is currently one of the most common drugs for old patients with hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic diseases by reducing cholesterol level and …             The use of targeted genomic capture and massively parallel sequencing in diagnosis of Chinese Leukoencephalopathies ▶     Xiaole Wang, Fang He, Fei Yin et al.     Leukoencephalopathies are diseases with high clinical heterogeneity. In clinical work, it’s difficult for doctors to make a definite etiological diagnosis. Here, we designed a …             Linearized texture of three-dimensional extracellular matrix is mandatory for bladder cancer cell invasion ▶     Massimo Alfano, Manuela Nebuloni, Raffaele Allevi et al.     In the fields of biomaterials and tissue engineering simulating the native microenvironment is of utmost importance. As a major component of the microenvironment, the …             Soluble P-selectin rescues viper venom–induced mortality through anti-inflammatory properties and PSGL-1 pathway-mediated correction of hemostasis ▶     Der-Shan Sun, Pei-Hsun Ho, Hsin-Hou Chang     Venomous snakebites are lethal and occur frequently worldwide each year, and receiving the antivenom antibody is currently the most effective treatment. However, the specific …             Specificity Evaluation and Disease Monitoring in Arthritis Imaging with Complement Receptor of the Ig superfamily targeting Nanobodies ▶     Fang Zheng, Harris Perlman, Patrick Matthys et al.     Single-photon emission computed tomography combined with micro-CT (SPECT/μCT) imaging using Nanobodies against complement receptor of the Ig superfamily (CRIg), found on tissue …             Label-free detection of microRNA based on coupling multiple isothermal amplification techniques ▶     Xiangjiang Zheng, Li Niu, Di Wei et al.     MicroRNA (miRNA) was a promising class of cancer biomarkers. Here we developed a label-free method for sensitive measurement of let-7d miRNA based on multiple amplification …             Mesenchymal state of intimal cells may explain higher propensity to ascending aortic aneurysm in bicuspid aortic valves ▶     Shohreh Maleki, Sanela Kjellqvist, Valentina Paloschi et al.     Individuals with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) are at significantly higher risk of developing aortic complications than individuals with tricuspid aortic valves (TAV) and …             A role for intestinal TLR4-driven inflammatory response during activity-based anorexia ▶     Liliana Belmonte, Najate Achamrah, Séverine Nobis et al.     Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation and altered gut microbiota. However, the molecular origin of the inflammation remains unknown. Toll-like …             MicroRNA-939 restricts Hepatitis B virus by targeting Jmjd3-mediated and C/EBPα-coordinated chromatin remodeling ▶     Cuncun Chen, Min Wu, Wen Zhang et al.     Multi-layered mechanisms of virus host interaction exist for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which have been typically manifested at the microRNA level. Our previous …             Disabled-2 Determines Commitment of a Pre-adipocyte Population in Juvenile Mice ▶     Wensi Tao, Robert Moore, Yue Meng et al.     Disabled-2 (Dab2) is a widely expressed clathrin binding endocytic adaptor protein and known for the endocytosis of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) family receptors. 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