Health and Fitness for Wednesday September 29, 2010

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Sometimes smoking cessation is 'delayed' PORTLAND, Ore. (UPI) -- U.S. researchers say some errant puffs cause some smokers to give up too soon on smoking cessation efforts. Some quitters, the researchers say, are "delayed" and should not give up simply because they smoked after their quit date. Researchers at Oregon Health & Science University in Portland suggest there are two types of successful quitters -- those who quit immediately and remain abstinent and those who are delayed in attaining abstinence but achieve success by the end of treatment. The study, published online in the journal Addiction, finds a substantial proportion of smokers who became successful quitters by the end of 12 weeks of treatment smoked in one or more weeks during the first eight weeks. "Had treatment been interrupted or discontinued for these delayed quitters, opportunities for achieving continuous abstinence could have been lost for up to 45 percent of quitters who were ultimately successful," study lead author David Gonzales says in a statement. Copyright 2010 by United Press International
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Many moms depressed before child is age 12 LONDON (UPI) -- One-third of mothers and one-fifth of fathers in Britain appear to experience some depression between their child's birth and age 12, researchers found. Shreya Dave of the Medical Research Council in London and colleagues, using diagnostic codes and pharmacy records, examined incidence, trends and other factors of parental depression in 86,957 families seen in British primary care facilities from 1993 to 2007. The study, published in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, found overall, between their children's birth and age 12, 19,286 mothers had a total of 25,176 episodes of depression and 8,012 fathers had a total of 9,683 episodes of depression. The depression rate was 7.53 per 100 mothers per year and 2.69 per 100 fathers per year, the study says. The highest rates of depression occurred in the child's first year of life. "These high rates of depression in the postpartum period are not surprising owing to the potential stress associated with the birth of a baby, e.g., poor parental sleep, the demands made on parents and the change in their responsibilities, and the pressure this could place on the couple's relationship," the study authors said in a statement. "The high rate of parental depression in the first year after delivery may also be partly due to a resumption of antidepressant use following a break during pregnancy and breastfeeding." Copyright 2010 by United Press International
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Children decide quickly whom to trust KINGSTON, Ontario (UPI) -- One contact is all a 7-year-old child needs before deciding whom to trust for information, Canadian researchers say. Researchers at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, say a single interaction affects the way a child seeks information -- a 4-year-old may need some more information before being able to make a decision, but 7-year-olds were quick to make a judgment after one encounter about whom to go to for information. "It shows that kids really pay attention to people's accuracy and they don't forget it, even after interacting with that person one time," Stanka Fitneva says in a statement. Fitneva, graduate student Kristen Dunfield and colleagues tested adults and children by having questions answered with both a right and wrong answer on the computer. When a second question was asked and participants were told they could only ask one person for the answer, the adults and 7-year-olds always choose to ask the person who previously gave the right answer. The result of 4-year-olds varied on the way the question was asked, showing that 4-year-olds generally need more than a single encounter, the researchers say. The findings were published in Developmental Psychology. Copyright 2010 by United Press International
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Drying hands best using towels, not dryer BRADFORD, England (UPI) -- The best way to dry hands after washing is using paper towels or using a dryer that doesn't require rubbing hands together, researchers in Britain say. Dr. Anna Snelling of the University of Bradford says not drying hands thoroughly after washing can increase the spread of bacteria. Using a conventional electric hand dryer -- and rubbing one's hands together -- may contribute to the spread of bacteria. Snelling and colleagues examined different ways of hand drying -- paper towels, traditional hand dryers, which rely on evaporation, and a new model of hand dryer that rapidly strips water off the hands using high velocity air jets -- and their effect on bacteria transfer from hands to other surfaces. The study, published in the Journal of Applied Microbiology, finds the most effective way of keeping bacterial counts low, when drying hands, was using paper towels. But if using an electric dryer -- the model that rapidly stripped the moisture off the hands was best for reducing transfer of bacteria to other surfaces. "Good hand hygiene should include drying hands thoroughly and not just washing," Snelling says in a statement. Copyright 2010 by United Press International
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