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2011/07/25

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Coney Island: Dreamland by the Sea

Posted: 25 Jul 2011 05:03 AM PDT

The following is an article from the book Uncle John's Bathroom Reader Plunges Into History Again.

The place that gave Mr. and Mrs. Joe Schmoe the crazy idea that happiness was just a few subway stops away.

Between about 1880 and World War II, Coney Island was the largest amusement park in the United States. But back in 1609, when Dutch explorer Henry Hudson became the first European to arrive on the premises, he found nothing more than barren sand dunes and very unfriendly Native Americans. After his petty officer was killed in a skirmish, Hudson moved on to a much calmer and peaceful island later known as Manhattan.

At some point the island (which is five miles long and up to a mile wide) was named Konijn Eiland, which is Dutch for “Rabbit Island.” Konijn became “Coney,” possibly during the days of Lady Deborah Moody, a London widow in her mid-50s, who brought a group of religious dissenters to the island during a lull in the Indian Wars. It was rough going -the local Native Americans still weren’t all that friendly- but the plucky group stayed on.

EASY ACCESS

Coney Island remained an island until 1829, when it was connected to mainland Long Island by Shell Road, a road made of -you guessed it- shells. It’s been a peninsula ever since. But linguistically, it’s still an island: one is said to be “on” Coney Island, not “in” it.

Hotel Brighton

HOLIDAY INN

Five years after Shell Road was built, a large hotel, Coney Island House, opened for business in hopes of drawing a summer crowd to the seaside. The hotel’s success encouraged builders of even more elegant hotels. What started as a genteel resort recommended by doctors (sea bathing was considered to be healthy and invigorating), quickly became a hot spot with the upper classes. Before long, hotels along the seashores welcomed such distinguished guests as P.T. Barnum, Daniel Webster, and Washington Irving. Visitors lingered on the the hotels’ long porches, ate their meals in posh dining rooms, and took dips in the Atlantic.

BATHING SUITS AND OTHER PURSUITS

The completion of Plank Road (made of planks, we assume) in 1850 made access easier and encouraged entrepreneurs like Peter Tilyou to set up shop: Tilyou not only sold beer for a nickel, but he also built bathhouses, so that visitors could change into their swimsuits right there on the beach -or, in those days of casual hygiene, rent them for the day.

Women’s bathing costumes of the day were about the size of a modern-day conservative dress and, stockings included, weighed 15 pounds when wet. (A dress code was strictly enforced for 100 years. For instance, in 1918 a hundred women were arrested for not wearing stockings on the beach. And in the early 1930s, men who exposed their chests on the beach could get a $50 fine and spend 10 days in jail.)

CONEY’S GREATEST GIFT TO HUMANITY

Frankfurters came to the United States via German immigrants. But they didn’t really become popular until the 1880s, when Charles Feltman, a German banker, settled in Coney Island and decided to sell boiled frankfurters on heated buns from a cart. Each frankfurter sandwich was sold for a dime and was loaded with traditional German toppings -mustard and sauerkraut.


Feltman was so successful that after a few years he opened his own restaurant, Feltman’s German Beer Garden. In 1913, he hired Nathan Handwerker as a part-time delivery boy. But for $11 a week, Nathan wasn’t too happy with his earnings. He began to plan for his own concession stand. In 1916, when he had saved $300, he made his dream a reality.

Nathan’s stand offered a unique spiced meat frankfurter made from a recipe his wife, Ida, created. As a way to market his product, he promised free franks to the local doctors. His only condition was that they had to eat them in front of his stand wearing their white lab coats and stethoscopes. So when people saw the esteemed doctors eating Nathan’s frankfurters, they automatically assumed his franks must be of much better quality than his competitors. And they were cheaper than Feltman’s, since Nathan only charged a nickel apiece.

By the time Nathan opened his concession stand, frankfurters were commonly known as hot dogs -all because of an American cartoonist who couldn’t spell. The story goes that one night in 1906, with a deadline looming, Tad Dorgan sketched a drawing of a dachshund smeared with mustard and squished in a bun. When it was time to caption the picture, poor Tad didn’t know how to spell “dachshund,” so he wrote, “Get your hot dogs!” instead.

LADIES AND GENTS OF LEISURE


But it was back in the late 1870s that island business really started booming: Five railroad lines ran to and from the island by then, bringing 50,000 to 60,000 visitors in 1878. For the first time in industrialized America, people were taking advantage of leisure time. Wearing their comparatively skimpy bathing suits and splashing in the surf was somehow liberating. Reporters of the day mention (and an early Edison Company film shows) the “jubilation” on the faces of Coney Islanders. The poor, working-class slob was learning how to have fun!

THERE GOES THE NEiGHBORHOOD

Gamblers, hookers, and card sharks were soon giving Coney Island a dubious reputation. Local residents were outraged. In hopes of cleaning up the place, they elected John Y. McKane as their police chief in 1868. But McKane ignored the misconduct (for a fee) and ended up behind bars himself when he was convicted of fixing elections.

TAKE THIS JOB AND SHOVE IT


In 1884, MaMarcus Adna Thompson opened the world’s first roller coaster, the Switchback Railroad. It had 600 feet of wooden tracks, but unlike roller coasters of today, workers had to push it up to its highest point to get it going. Passengers paid a dime for a ride.

VIVA LUNA PARK!

Captain Paul Boyton had an even better idea. In 1895, he opened Sea Lion Park, the world’s first enclosed amusement park. It featured a colony of sea lions and the ever-popular Shoot-the-Chutes, a waterslide that landed its riders in a man-made lagoon.

Sea Lion Park was redesigned in 1903 and transformed into Luna Park, the Las Vegas of its time. Besides the elephant rides, camel rides, and a circus, the park featured the Dragon’s Gorge, a tunnel ride that included a waterfall and scenes from the North Pole, Africa, the Grand Canyon, and the River Styx.

There was a simulated trip to the Moon. A live-action show, Fire and Flames, had the New York City fire department rescuing trapped residents of burning tenements, some of whom had to jump into nets to escape. This was an attraction that New Yorkers could identify with since a lot of them lived in real tenements. A real fire claimed Luna Park during the 1940s, and the site was eventually turned into a parking lot.

MEET ME TONIGHT IN DREAMLAND

Coney Island’s most famous park, the completely white Dreamland, opened in 1904, and it duplicated a lot of Luna Park’s ideas. Fighting the Flames was copied directly from Fire and Flames. There was a ride called Maxim’s Flying Machine, a miniature railroad, a ballroom, and a Japanese teahouse. All watched over by the Dreamland Tower which stood 375 feet high and was covered with 100,000 lights.

Dreamland’s most unusual attraction was the fully functional Incubator Hospital, which displayed actual premature babies in their incubators. This sounds a little less freaky when it’s revealed that real doctors and nurses provided round-the-clock care for the little newborns. That’s a relief, huh?

In 1911, a fire leveled Dreamland and all its spectacles in a matter of hours. The babies in the hospital were saved.

DAY-TRIPPING

By 1910 or so, the big hotels were closing, and the guests who used to come for weeks and months now only visited on weekends. And then they did not come at all. The island now belonged to the masses. The subway station built in 1918 cemented it. By the 1920s, one million people crowded the island on a single sunny day and walked the two-mile boardwalk, which had been completed in 1923.

During the Great depression, Coney was the perfect escape; crowds averaging 35 million came each summer, but now the beaches were the primary draw because the masses couldn’t afford the fifty cents it took to by a ride. Eventually the prices dropped to a nickel -for a hot dog, a ride, and the subway. But without an infusion of cash, the island started to decay.

THINGS ARE LOOKING UP -AND DOWN

On July 3, 1947, 1,300,000 people -one fifth of the population of New York City- spent the day enjoying not just the beach and the rides, but also a fireworks show and an air show put on by the New York Daily Mirror and the U.S. Air Force. It’s estimated that one in one hundred Americans visited Coney Island that weekend.

But that couldn’t keep the decay away. By the 1950s, it looked like the island was doomed. Even while modern-day entrepreneurs were trying their hand at revitalizing the amusement parks at Coney, the island continued to decline. New amusement parks were going up around New York and the rest of the country, including Coney’s biggest competitor: Disneyland in faraway California.

Image from the 1979 film The Warriors.

Some historians describe Coney as a ghost town in the 1970s. All of New York seemed a dangerous place then. On Coney Island, the bathhouses closed, and the big hotels were torn down.

CONEY, REBORN

But you can’t keep a good Coney Island down. In 1980, the New York Parks Department reported that concession revenues at the beach had been steadily rising for several seasons in a row.

(Image credit: Flickr user André)

Today, the rides and amusements are run by Astroland Amusement Park. The attractions include the Cyclone roller coaster, Go-Karts, the Tilt-a-Whirl, the Water Flume (a waterslide), and Dante’s Inferno (with Spook-A-Rama, one of the park’s two “dark” rides).

And let’s not forget Astroland’s Sideshows by the Seashore, featuring Insectavora, Serpentina, Bambi the Mermaid, Eak (the Illustrated Man), Scott Baker (the Twisted Shockmeister), Ravi (the Scorpion Mystic), Ula (the Rainproof Rubber Girl), and Todd Robbins (Amazement Is His Business).

______________________________

The article above is reprinted with permission from Uncle John’s Bathroom Reader Plunges Into History Again.

The book is a compendium of entertaining information chock-full of facts on a plethora of history topics. Uncle John’s first plunge into history was a smash hit – over half a million copies sold! And this sequel gives you more colorful characters, cultural milestones, historical hindsight, groundbreaking events, and scintillating sagas.

Since 1988, the Bathroom Reader Institute had published a series of popular books containing irresistible bits of trivia and obscure yet fascinating facts. Check out their website here: Bathroom Reader Institute

Tulsa Man Breaks Antiques Roadshow Record

Posted: 24 Jul 2011 08:05 PM PDT

This weekend, the Antiques Roadshow crew sent a Tulsa man home as a record-breaker and new retiree. Though his identity is being withheld, the most expensive item ever appraised in the show’s 16-year history, worth $1 – 1.5M, has been revealed as a set of five Chinese cups carved of rhinoceros horn. Before carrying them into the Tulsa Convention Center, the man said he’d owned the cups since the 1970s.

“As each one came out of the box my jaw started to drop a little more and that of at my colleagues eyes and their jaws dropped as well,” says Mason.

“I was hoping he wasn’t going to collapse but he said that he was glad that he didn’t need his inhaler,” says Mason.

“You clearly could even see, in the tape that I was watching, the color rush over his face,” says producer Bemko.

Mason says the million dollar cups were given as gifts to wealthy people for special occasions in the late 17th to early 18th centuries.

During that time it was thought that rhinoceros horn had special powers. What makes them so valuable today is china’s power and stance in the world.

“We had not had a million dollar find until last season we found some jade in Raleigh now Tulsa, you are the top dogs now,” says the show’s host Mark Walberg.

“Top Dogs” is sure to be a title Tulsans are proud to hold.

Its safe to say none of the Roadshow crew knew they would be breaking records in Green Country.

“I certainly wasn’t expecting this in Tulsa, Oklahoma,” says Mason. “Although Tulsa is a wonderful place and now it’s even more wonderful as far as I’m concerned.”

“I am no longer surprise by what I’m going to find anywhere, but yeah okay a little surprised to find it in Tulsa, but delighted,” says Bemko.

The last time the Roadshow was in Tulsa was nearly ten years ago, hopefully with the big find this weekend they will visit us a little sooner.

Producers tell us Tulsa’s record breaking show will air on PBS some time early next year.

Link | Image: © Jeff Dunn, WGBH 2011

How to Test for Nearsightedness: Do You See Einstein or Marilyn Monroe?

Posted: 24 Jul 2011 07:38 PM PDT

Here’s a clever test developed by Dr. Aude Oliva, a cognitive scientist at MIT. If you see Marilyn Monroe instead of Albert Einstein, you’re a bit nearsighted. I don’t see any indication that this what Oliva was trying to do, but it does serve that purpose nicely. Link -via Ace of Spades HQ

Death Carts

Posted: 24 Jul 2011 07:32 PM PDT


(YouTube link)

‘They’re not going to be pushed around any more’

You know how horror movies are sometimes designed around a lack of budget? In this short film, the bloodthirsty killers are shopping carts! Once you get past that bit of silliness, this actually resembles a sequence from feature films you’ve seen. -Thanks, Anthony Carpendale!

Space Core Cake

Posted: 24 Jul 2011 06:59 PM PDT

This space core from the game Portal 2 is a cake! Yes, it’s a cake, not a sculpture or toy. To prove it, here’s a picture of the cake being cut. It was made by Mike’s Amazing Cakes. You can see more pictures of the space core cake at Flickr.

Link

-Thanks, Richard!

(Image credit: Flickr user sharkhats)

Preserving Smelly History

Posted: 24 Jul 2011 05:55 PM PDT

We can preserve and experience historical sights and sounds. But how do we know what, for example, Eighteenth Century Manhattan smelled like? Thanks to technologies developed by the perfume industry, there are now ways to preserve smells so that future generations can experience them:

A pioneer of this approach is Roman Kaiser, a Swiss fragrance chemist who developed a technology called "headspace" in the 1970s that made it possible to capture and analyze the scent given off by flowers and other objects. Using a glass container, a pump, and a sampling trap that gathers molecules using a solvent or coated surface, the system allows a chemist or perfumer to gather the volatile scent molecules exuded by an object without harming it.[...]

Perfumers like New York-based Christopher Brosius have used headspace to re-create less obvious smells, like the odor of an old fur coat or a well-worn paperback. Their goal is an artistic one, but the same approach could serve as the beginning of a database. Imagine having a library of scents specific to a particular time or place, from the strangely sweet aroma of a plastic-wrapped CD case to the blend of horse dung and candy that permeates Boston's Faneuil Hall.

Other historians are attempting to recreate scents from the past, from a cologne used by Napoleon Bonaparte to a Viking-era latrine. What historical smell would you like to experience?

Link -via Althouse | Photo by Flickr user Dennis Wong used under Creative Commons license

Panda Misses the World Being Painted in Color

Posted: 24 Jul 2011 02:50 PM PDT


(Video Link)

This adorable short film from Tiji entitled Colour shows a world in black and white. Then a divine paintbrush descends from the heavens to give all of the creatures of the world their colors. All, that is, except the panda. -via Doobybrain

Sad Cake Is Sad

Posted: 24 Jul 2011 02:40 PM PDT

Heidi Kenney made a pair of plushes in the above design, and the blogger behind Clockwork Lemon decided that it would be a good cake design, too. The cake has a buttercream crumbcoat with marshmallow fondant on top. Yummy! Link -via Super Punch

Towser The Distillery Cat

Posted: 24 Jul 2011 07:51 AM PDT

Mice love to feast on barley and can quickly overrun a distillery where the grain is plentiful unless steps are taken to control them.  From 1963 til 1987 a longhaired tortoiseshell cat named Towser was charged with keeping the rodent population in check at the Glenturret Distillery in Crieff, Scotland where Famous Grouse whiskey is made. Towser had a natural talent for her work and caught an estimated 28,899 mice during her tenure at the distillery. That’s an average of three mice a day! She has earned a place in the Guinness Book of Records as the world’s best mouser and once upon a time her pawprints appeared on the label of Fairlie’s Light Highland Liqueur.  Today a statue stands in her honor at the distillery site with an inscription that reads:

Towser
21 April 1963-30 March 1987

Towser, the famous cat who lived in the still house,
Glenturret Distillery, for almost 24 years.
She caught 28,899 mice in her lifetime.
World mousing champion, Guinness Book of Records.

Her successor, Amber, did not match Towser’s skill and in fact was never known to catch a single mouse during her tenure as distillery mouser.

Link – Via Futility Closet

I'm Not Listening Earplugs

Posted: 24 Jul 2011 07:42 AM PDT

I’m Not Listening Earplugs – $3.95

Are you need of some quiet time?  You need the I’m Not Listening Earplugs from the Neatoshop! Incessant nagging, boring office meetings, insufferable gasbags and screaming children be gone!

Be sure to check out the NeatoShop more hilarious Gag Gifts & Pranks!

Link

German Futurist Predictions

Posted: 24 Jul 2011 07:10 AM PDT

Historic LOLs has a collection of German prints from around a hundred years ago illustrating predictions for the year 2000. In this one, we’re supposed to be able to walk on water, with the help of balloons and a waterwheel. Other pictures show moving sidewalks, personal flying machines, underwater tourism, and remote surveillance -all things that actually happened, although not quite the way they were pictured. Link

Whose Ideal Was This, Anyway?

Posted: 24 Jul 2011 06:40 AM PDT

Heather McDougal talked to 5th and 6th graders about how the ideal body image of women has changed over time, from the corsets of 100 years ago to the Photoshopped images of today. And the modern altered bodies and altered images are the hardest ideal to even consider living up to. As an example, contrast the image of Usula Andress in the 1962 movie Dr. No with one of Halle Berry in the 2002 movie Die Another Day.

The thing that disturbs me most about these two images is how our daughters must feel about themselves when they see them. The girls in 1962, seeing Ursula rising from the waves in Dr. No, knew that what they were seeing was a real woman, something they could aspire to (if that was what they wanted). Seeing Halle Barry, above, holds no such comforts, particularly when digital film has so much option for smoothing out those flaws. Such perfection is absolutely outside the realm of anyone who is honest with themselves. They might as well throw themselves against a brick wall, because you can’t live, and breathe, and be that perfect. It’s impossible, and our daughters know it.

When she presented the changing ideal image of men, she found fewer changes over time, but a difference between what men and what women consider ideal. Read the rest at Cabinet of Wonders. Link

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