Scientific Reports Biology Table of Contents e-alert: March 2013

01 March 2013      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports             Nature Immunology ANIMATION: IMMUNOLOGY IN THE GUT MUCOSA Nature Immunology in collaboration with Arkitek Studios have produced an animation unravelling the complexities of mucosal immunology in health and disease. View the Animation for FREE at: www.nature.com/ni/multimedia/mucosal Produced with support from Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson               Biological Sciences               A Metabolic Prototype for Eliminating Tryptophan From The Genetic Code ▶     V. Pezo, D. Louis, V. Guérineau et al.     We set out to reduce the chemical constitution of a living organism to 19 amino acids. A strain was constructed for reassigning the tryptophan codon UGG to histidine and …             A Brain-to-Brain Interface for Real-Time Sharing of Sensorimotor Information ▶     Miguel Pais-Vieira, Mikhail Lebedev, Carolina Kunicki et al.     A brain-to-brain interface (BTBI) enabled a real-time transfer of behaviorally meaningful sensorimotor information between the brains of two rats. In this BTBI, an “encoder” rat …             The embalmed heart of Richard the Lionheart (1199 A.D.): a biological and anthropological analysis ▶     Philippe Charlier, Joël Poupon, Gaël-François Jeannel et al.     During the Middle Ages, the partition of the cadaver of the elite members was a current practice, with highly technical treatment given to symbolic organs such as the heart. …             Cessation of Neoangiogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease Follows Amyloid-beta Immunization ▶     Kaan E. Biron, Dara L. Dickstein, Rayshad Gopaul et al.     Pathogenic neoangiogenesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is due to amyloid-beta (Aβ) and results in blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakiness in AD. It likely occurs as a compensatory …             Simultaneous measurement of deep tissue blood flow and oxygenation using noncontact diffuse correlation spectroscopy flow-oximeter ▶     Ting Li, Yu Lin, Yu Shang et al.     We report a novel noncontact diffuse correlation spectroscopy flow-oximeter for simultaneous quantification of relative changes in tissue blood flow (rBF) and oxygenation (Δ[…             Linoleic acid metabolite drives severe asthma by causing airway epithelial injury ▶     Ulaganathan Mabalirajan, Rakhshinda Rehman, Tanveer Ahmad et al.     Airway epithelial injury is the hallmark of various respiratory diseases, but its mechanisms remain poorly understood. While 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-S-HODE) is …             Collapsin response mediator protein 3 deacetylates histone H4 to mediate nuclear condensation and neuronal death ▶     Sheng T. Hou, Susan X. Jiang, Amy Aylsworth et al.     CRMP proteins play critical regulatory roles during semaphorin-mediated neurite outgrowth, neuronal differentiation and death. Albeit having a high degree of structure and …             Photothermal nanodrugs: potential of TNF-gold nanospheres for cancer theranostics ▶     Jingwei Shao, Robert J. Griffin, Ekaterina I. Galanzha et al.     Nanotechnology has been extensively explored for drug delivery. Here, we introduce the concept of a nanodrug based on synergy of photothermally-activated physical and biological …             Characterization of Induced Neural Progenitors from Skin Fibroblasts by a Novel Combination of Defined Factors ▶     Changhai Tian, Qiang Liu, Kangmu Ma et al.     Recent reports have demonstrated that somatic cells can be directly converted to other differentiated cell types through ectopic expression of sets of transcription factors, …             Impact of simulated microgravity on the normal developmental time line of an animal-bacteria symbiosis ▶     Jamie S. Foster, Christina L. M. Khodadad, Steven R. Ahrendt et al.     The microgravity environment during space flight imposes numerous adverse effects on animal and microbial physiology. It is unclear, however, how microgravity impacts those …             Brain response to affective pictures in the chimpanzee ▶     Satoshi Hirata, Goh Matsuda, Ari Ueno et al.     Advancement of non-invasive brain imaging techniques has allowed us to examine details of neural activities involved in affective processing in humans; however, no comparative …             A Photometric High-Throughput Method for Identification of Electrochemically Active Bacteria Using a WO3 Nanocluster Probe ▶     Shi-Jie Yuan, Hui He, Guo-Ping Sheng et al.     Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) are ubiquitous in environment and have important application in the fields of biogeochemistry, environment, microbiology and bioenergy. …             Mutations in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes in Spanish patients with multiple osteochondromas ▶     P. Sarrión, A. Sangorrin, R. Urreizti et al.     Multiple osteochondromas is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by the formation of multiple cartilage-capped tumours. Two causal genes have been identified, EXT1…             Ratio of Aβ42/P-tau181p in CSF is associated with aberrant default mode network in AD ▶     Xiaozhen Li, Tie-Qiang Li, Niels Andreasen et al.     The default mode network (DMN) is particularly relevant to Alzheimer's disease (AD) since its structures are vulnerable to deposition of amyloid. Decreased levels of β-amyloid1-42 …             Fundamental equations for species-area theory ▶     Xubin Pan     Species-area theory is an important concept in ecology. However, debates still surround the species-area relationship (SAR) or endemics-area relationship (EAR) and their relations …             MicroRNA let-7d regulates the TLX/microRNA-9 cascade to control neural cell fate and neurogenesis ▶     Chunnian Zhao, GuoQiang Sun, Peng Ye et al.     MicroRNAs have important functions in the nervous system through post-transcriptional regulation of neurogenesis genes. Here we show that microRNA let-7d, which has been …             Characterizing virulence-specific perturbations in the mitochondrial function of macrophages infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis ▶     Shilpa Jamwal, Mukul Kumar Midha, Hirdya Narain Verma et al.     To probe how the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis controls host cellular death pathways, we compared mitochondrial responses in human macrophages infected either with the …             Seabird diets provide early warning of sardine fishery declines in the Gulf of California ▶     Enriqueta Velarde, Exequiel Ezcurra, Daniel W. Anderson     Small pelagic fisheries show wide fluctuations, generally attributed to oceanographic anomalies. Most data on these fisheries come from landings, often reporting sustained …             ERRATUM: Identification of cardiolipin binding sites on cytochrome c oxidase at the entrance of proton channels ▶     C. Arnarez, S. J. Marrink, X. Periole                 Microscopic Analysis of the Interaction of Gold Nanoparticles with Cells of the Innate Immune System ▶     César Pascual García, Vadim Sumbayev, Douglas Gilliland et al.     Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can interfere with some of the biochemical processes of macrophage cells but the mechanisms of action of these potentially medically-relevant effects …             Secreted Threonyl-tRNA synthetase stimulates endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis ▶     Tamara F. Williams, Adam C. Mirando, Barrie Wilkinson et al.     Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases classically regulate protein synthesis but some also engage in alternative signaling functions related to immune responses and angiogenesis. …             A deepwater fish with ‘lightsabers’ – dorsal spine-associated luminescence in a counterilluminating lanternshark ▶     Julien M. Claes, Mason N. Dean, Dan-Eric Nilsson et al.     We report the discovery of light organs (photophores) adjacent to the dorsal defensive spines of a small deep-sea lanternshark (Etmopterus spinax). Using a visual modeling based on …             Genome-wide survey of interindividual differences of RNA stability in human lymphoblastoid cell lines ▶     Jubao Duan, Jianxin Shi, Xijin Ge et al.     The extent to which RNA stability differs between individuals and its contribution to the interindividual expression variation remain unknown. We conducted a genome-wide analysis …             Potentially-toxic and essential elements profile of AH1N1 patients in Mexico City ▶     Mireya Moya, Edgar G. Bautista, Antonio Velázquez-González et al.     During spring of 2009, a new influenza virus AH1N1 spread in the world causing acute respiratory illness and death, resulting in the first influenza pandemic since 1968. Blood …             In Vitro Engineering of Vascularized Tissue Surrogates ▶     Katsuhisa Sakaguchi, Tatsuya Shimizu, Shigeto Horaguchi et al.     In vitro scaling up of bioengineered tissues is known to be limited by diffusion issues, specifically a lack of vasculature. Here, we report a new strategy for preserving cell …             ASBEL, an ANA/BTG3 antisense transcript required for tumorigenicity of ovarian carcinoma ▶     Satoshi Yanagida, Kenzui Taniue, Hironobu Sugimasa et al.     Mammalian genomes encode numerous antisense non-coding RNAs, which are assumed to be involved in the regulation of the sense gene expression. However, the mechanisms of their …             Loss of the major Type I arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 causes substrate scavenging by other PRMTs ▶     Surbhi Dhar, Vidyasiri Vemulapalli, Alexander N. Patananan et al.     Arginine methylation is a common posttranslational modification that is found on both histone and non-histone proteins. Three types of arginine methylation exist in mammalian …             Running humans attain optimal elastic bounce in their teens ▶     Mario A. Legramandi, Bénédicte Schepens, Giovanni A. Cavagna     In an ideal elastic bounce of the body, the time during which mechanical energy is released during the push equals the time during which mechanical energy is absorbed during the …             CORRIGENDUM: An Exhaustive Epistatic SNP Association Analysis on Expanded Wellcome Trust Data ▶     Christoph Lippert, Jennifer Listgarten, Robert I. Davidson et al.                 CORRIGENDUM: Fetal Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure From 800-1900 Mhz-Rated Cellular Telephones Affects Neurodevelopment and Behavior in Mice ▶     Tamir S. Aldad, Geliang Gan, Xiao-Bing Gao et al.                 Lipid binding by the Unique and SH3 domains of c-Src suggests a new regulatory mechanism ▶     Yolanda Pérez, Mariano Maffei, Ana Igea et al.     c-Src is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in numerous signal transduction pathways. The kinase, SH3 and SH2 domains of c-Src are attached to the membrane-anchoring SH4 …             Tracking X-ray microscopy for alveolar dynamics in live intact mice ▶     Soeun Chang, Namseop Kwon, Byung Mook Weon et al.     Here we report a tracking X-ray microscopy (TrXM) as a novel methodology by using upper right lung apices alveoli in live intact mice. By enabling tracking of individual alveolar …             Middle-redox potential laccase from Ganoderma sp.: its application in improvement of feed for monogastric animals ▶     Krishna Kant Sharma, Bhuvnesh Shrivastava, V. R. B. Sastry et al.     The variables influencing laccase production by white-rot fungus Ganoderma sp. rckk-02 were optimized employing response surface methodology. Malt extract (6.0% w/v), lignin (0.5% …             Role of mutations in the cellular internalization of amyloidogenic light chains into cardiomyocytes ▶     Rebecca T. Levinson, Oludare O. Olatoye, Edward G. Randles et al.     Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is characterized by the misfolding of immunoglobulin light chains, accumulating as amyloid fibrils in vital organs. Multiple reports have indicated …             Switch Attention to Listen ▶     Imran Dhamani, Johahn Leung, Simon Carlile et al.     The aim of this research was to evaluate the ability to switch attention and selectively attend to relevant information in children (10–15 years) with persistent listening …             Bapineuzumab captures the N-terminus of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptide in a helical conformation ▶     Luke A. Miles, Gabriela A. N. Crespi, Larissa Doughty et al.     Bapineuzumab is a humanized antibody developed by Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson targeting the amyloid (Aβ) plaques that underlie Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Here we report …             Implications of temperature variation for malaria parasite development across Africa ▶     J. I. Blanford, S. Blanford, R. G. Crane et al.     Temperature is an important determinant of malaria transmission. Recent work has shown that mosquito and parasite biology are influenced not only by average temperature, but also …             Utilizing the algicidal activity of aminoclay as a practical treatment for toxic red tides ▶     Young-Chul Lee, EonSeon Jin, Seung Won Jung et al.     In recent decades, harmful algal blooms (HABs) – commonly known as red tides – have increasingly impacted human health, caused significant economic losses to fisheries and damaged …             Agr genes, missing in amniotes, are involved in the body appendages regeneration in frog tadpoles ▶     Anastasiya S. Ivanova, Maria B. Tereshina, Galina V. Ermakova et al.     Previous studies have shown that Agr genes, which encode thioredoxin domain-containing secreted proteins, play a critical role in limb regeneration in salamanders. To determine …             Explosive transitions to synchronization in networks of phase oscillators ▶     I. Leyva, A. Navas, I. Sendiña-Nadal et al.     The emergence of dynamical abrupt transitions in the macroscopic state of a system is currently a subject of the utmost interest. The occurrence of a first-order phase transition …             Airway gene transfer in a non-human primate: Lentiviral gene expression in marmoset lungs ▶     N. Farrow, D. Miller, P. Cmielewski et al.     Genetic therapies for cystic fibrosis (CF) must be assessed for safety and efficacy, so testing in a non-human primate (NHP) model is invaluable. In this pilot study we determined …             Visualizing Brain Inflammation with a Shingled-Leg Radio-Frequency Head Probe for 19F/1H MRI ▶     Helmar Waiczies, Stefano Lepore, Susanne Drechsler et al.     Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides the opportunity of tracking cells in vivo. Major challenges in dissecting cells from the recipient tissue and signal sensitivity …             Biodamage via shock waves initiated by irradiation with ions ▶     Eugene Surdutovich, Alexander V. Yakubovich, Andrey V. Solov'yov     Radiation damage following the ionising radiation of tissue has different scenarios and mechanisms depending on the projectiles or radiation modality. We investigate the radiation …             An improved agar-plate method for studying root growth and response of Arabidopsis thaliana ▶     Weifeng Xu, Guochang Ding, Ken Yokawa et al.     Arabidopsis thaliana is a widely used model plant for plant biology research. Under traditional agar-plate culture system (TPG, traditional plant-growing), both plant shoots and …             Human castration resistant prostate cancer rather prefer to decreased 5α-reductase activity ▶     Takeo Kosaka, Akira Miyajima, Hirohiko Nagata et al.     Physiologically relevant steroid 5α-reductase (SRD5A) activity that is essential for dihydrotestosterone (DHT) biosynthesis in human castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) …             Dysregulation of autophagy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia with the small-molecule Sirtuin inhibitor Tenovin-6 ▶     Stephanie F. MacCallum, Michael J. Groves, John James et al.     Tenovin-6 (Tnv-6) is a bioactive small molecule with anti-neoplastic activity. Inhibition of the Sirtuin class of protein deacetylases with activation of p53 function is …             Potent DNA damage by polyhalogenated quinones and H2O2 via a metal-independent and Intercalation-enhanced oxidation mechanism ▶     Ruichuan Yin, Dapeng Zhang, Yuling Song et al.     Polyhalogenated quinones are a class of carcinogenic intermediates. We found recently that the highly reactive and biologically/environmentally important ·OH can be produced by …             Experimental subjects are not different ▶     Filippos Exadaktylos, Antonio M. Espín, Pablo Brañas-Garza     Experiments using economic games are becoming a major source for the study of human social behavior. These experiments are usually conducted with university students who …             ERRATUM: Molecular complexity determines the number of olfactory notes and the pleasantness of smells ▶     F. Kermen, A. Chakirian, C. Sezille et al.                 Common dynamical features of sensory adaptation in photoreceptors and olfactory sensory neurons ▶     Giovanna De Palo, Giuseppe Facchetti, Monica Mazzolini et al.     Sensory systems adapt, i.e., they adjust their sensitivity to external stimuli according to the ambient level. In this paper we show that single cell electrophysiological …             Hypothalamic neuronal toll-like receptor 2 protects against age-induced obesity ▶     Ravid Shechter, Anat London, Yael Kuperman et al.     Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are traditionally associated with immune-mediated host defense. Here, we ascribe a novel extra-immune, hypothalamic-associated function to TLR2, a …             Efficient gene targeting by TAL effector nucleases coinjected with exonucleases in zygotes ▶     Tomoji Mashimo, Takehito Kaneko, Tetsushi Sakuma et al.     TAL Effector Nucleases (TALENs) are versatile tools for targeted gene editing in various species. However, their efficiency is still insufficient, especially in mammalian embryos. …             Nucleotide-induced conformational changes of tetradecameric GroEL mapped by H/D exchange monitored by FT-ICR mass spectrometry ▶     Qian Zhang, Jin Chen, Kunihiro Kuwajima et al.     Here we employ hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to access E. coli chaperonin GroEL conformation. The ~800 kDa tetradecameric GroEL plays an essential role in …             Copper prevents amyloid-β1–42 from forming amyloid fibrils under near-physiological conditions in vitro ▶     Matthew Mold, Larissa Ouro-Gnao, Beata M Wieckowski et al.     The aggregation and deposition of amyloid-β(1–42) (Aβ42) in the brain is implicated in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the mechanism underlying its deposition in …             Scanning acoustic microscopy for characterization of neoplastic and inflammatory lesions of lymph nodes ▶     Katsutoshi Miura, Hatsuko Nasu, Seiji Yamamoto     A scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) imaging system calculates and color codes speed of sound (SOS). We evaluated the SAM results for lymph node imaging and compared these results …             An extreme wind erosion event of the fresh Eyjafjallajökull 2010 volcanic ash ▶     Olafur Arnalds, Elin Fjola Thorarinsdottir, Johann Thorsson et al.     Volcanic eruptions can generate widespread deposits of ash that are subsequently subjected to erosive forces which causes detrimental effects on ecosystems. We measured wind …             Integrated microfluidic device for single-cell trapping and spectroscopy ▶     C. Liberale, G. Cojoc, F. Bragheri et al.     Optofluidic microsystems are key components towards lab-on-a-chip devices for manipulation and analysis of biological specimens. In particular, the integration of optical tweezers …             Canonical WNT signaling regulates development of bovine embryos to the blastocyst stage ▶     Anna C. Denicol, Kyle B. Dobbs, Kanyon M. McLean et al.     Objectives were to evaluate the role of canonical WNT signaling in development of the preimplantation embryo. Signaling was activated with …             Identification of cardiolipin binding sites on cytochrome c oxidase at the entrance of proton channels ▶     C. Arnarez, S. J. Marrink, X. Periole     The respiratory chain or oxidative phosphorylation system (OxPhos) generates most of the chemical energy (ATP) used by our cells. The cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is one of three …             Bacterial toxicity/compatibility of platinum nanospheres, nanocuboids and nanoflowers ▶     Judy Gopal, Nazim Hasan, M. Manikandan et al.     For the first time, we have investigated the bacterial toxicity or compatibility properties of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with different sizes (P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5). The …             Isolation and retrieval of circulating tumor cells using centrifugal forces ▶     Han Wei Hou, Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani, Bee Luan Khoo et al.     Presence and frequency of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in bloodstreams of cancer patients are pivotal to early cancer detection and treatment monitoring. Here, we use a …             Prediction of Functional Loss of Human Angiogenin Mutants Associated with ALS by Molecular Dynamics Simulations ▶     Aditya K. Padhi, Bhyravabhotla Jayaram, James Gomes     Several missense mutations in the coding region of angiogenin (ANG) gene have been identified in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients. These mutations lead to loss of …             Frictional-anisotropy-based systems in biology: structural diversity and numerical model ▶     Alexander Filippov, Stanislav N. Gorb     There is a huge variety in biological surfaces covered with micro- and nanostructures oriented at some angle to the supporting surface. Such structures, for example snake skin, …             Virus activated artificial ECM induces the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells without osteogenic supplements ▶     Jianglin Wang, Lin Wang, Xin Li et al.     Biochemical and topographical features of an artificial extracellular matrix (aECM) can direct stem cell fate. However, it is difficult to vary only the biochemical cues without …             An optical assay of the transport activity of ClC-7 ▶     Ilaria Zanardi, Giovanni Zifarelli, Michael Pusch     Osteoporosis, characterized by excessive osteoclast mediated bone resorption, affects millions of people worldwide representing a major public health problem. ClC-7 is a …             Defensin DEFB103 bidirectionally regulates chemokine and cytokine responses to a pro-inflammatory stimulus ▶     Lauren E. Harvey, Karl G. Kohlgraf, Leslie A. Mehalick et al.     Human β defensin DEFB103 acts as both a stimulant and an attenuator of chemokine and cytokine responses: a dichotomy that is not entirely understood. Our predicted results using …             Post-natal treatment by a blood-brain-barrier permeable calpain inhibitor, SNJ1945 rescued defective function in lissencephaly ▶     Shiori Toba, Yasuhisa Tamura, Kanako Kumamoto et al.     Toward a therapeutic intervention of lissencephaly, we applied a novel calpain inhibitor, SNJ1945. Peri-natal or post-natal treatment with SNJ1945 rescued defective neuronal …             High volumetric power density, non-enzymatic, glucose fuel cells ▶     Vlad Oncescu, David Erickson     The development of new implantable medical devices has been limited in the past by slow advances in lithium battery technology. Non-enzymatic glucose fuel cells are promising …             Microscopic mechanism of protein cryopreservation in an aqueous solution with trehalose ▶     Dario Corradini, Elena G. Strekalova, H. Eugene Stanley et al.     In order to investigate the cryoprotective mechanism of trehalose on proteins, we use molecular dynamics computer simulations to study the microscopic dynamics of water upon …             Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging for Noninvasive Trafficking of Scaffold Degradation ▶     Soon Hee Kim, Jeong Heon Lee, Hoon Hyun et al.     Biodegradable scaffolds could revolutionize tissue engineering and regenerative medicine; however, in vivo matrix degradation and tissue ingrowth processes are not fully …             Neural coding of binary mixtures in a structurally related odorant pair ▶     Georgina Cruz, Graeme Lowe     The encoding of odorant mixtures by olfactory sensory neurons depends on molecular interactions at peripheral receptors. However, the pharmacological basis of these interactions …             An unexpectedly branched biosynthetic pathway for bacteriochlorophyll b capable of absorbing near-infrared light ▶     Yusuke Tsukatani, Haruki Yamamoto, Jiro Harada et al.     Chlorophyllous pigments are essential for photosynthesis. Bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) b has the characteristic C8-ethylidene group and therefore is the sole naturally occurring …             Robust shifts in S100a9 expression with aging: A novel mechanism for chronic inflammation ▶     William R. Swindell, Andrew Johnston, Xianying Xing et al.     The S100a8 and S100a9 genes encode a pro-inflammatory protein (calgranulin) that has been implicated in multiple diseases. However, involvement of S100a8/a9 in the basic …             Towards the two-dimensional imaging of spontaneous ultra-weak photon emission from microbial, plant and animal cells ▶     Ankush Prasad, Pavel Pospíšil     Two-dimensional imaging of spontaneous ultra-weak photon emission was measured in the yeast cells, Arabidopsis plant and the human hand using highly sensitive charge coupled …             Facilitated Diffusion of Acetonitrile Revealed by Quantitative Breath Analysis Using Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry ▶     Ming Li, Jianhua Ding, Haiwei Gu et al.     By using silver cations (Ag) as the ionic reagent in reactive extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS), the concentrations of acetonitrile in exhaled breath …             Hes3 regulates cell number in cultures from glioblastoma multiforme with stem cell characteristics ▶     Deric M. Park, Jinkyu Jung, Jimmy Masjkur et al.     Tumors exhibit complex organization and contain a variety of cell populations. The realization that the regenerative properties of a tumor may be largely confined to a cell …             Differential association of Arabidopsis telomeres and centromeres with Histone H3 variants ▶     María I. Vaquero-Sedas, Miguel A. Vega-Palas     Two different groups, using ChIP-seq data, have recently published the genome-wide distribution of histones H3.1 and H3.3 in Arabidopsis thaliana. In one report, Stroud and …             Dispersal and niche evolution jointly shape the geographic turnover of phylogenetic clades across continents ▶     Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Jens-Christian Svenning, William J. Baker et al.     The turnover of phylogenetic clades across space is a fundamental biodiversity pattern that may depend on long-term evolutionary processes, and that has downstream effects on …             The spatio-temporal distribution dynamics of Ebola virus proteins and RNA in infected cells ▶     Asuka Nanbo, Shinji Watanabe, Peter Halfmann et al.     Here, we used a biologically contained Ebola virus system to characterize the spatio-temporal distribution of Ebola virus proteins and RNA during virus replication. We found that …             Estimation of autistic children by metallomics analysis ▶     Hiroshi Yasuda, Masahiro Kobayashi, Yuichi Yasuda et al.     Clarification of the pathogenesis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders is one of the challenges today. In this study, we examine scalp hair concentrations of 26 trace …             Simple super-resolution live-cell imaging based on diffusion-assisted Förster resonance energy transfer ▶     Sangyeon Cho, Jaeduck Jang, Chaeyeon Song et al.     Despite the recent development of several super-resolution fluorescence microscopic techniques, there are still few techniques that can be readily employed in conventional imaging …             Circulating human basophils lack the features of professional antigen presenting cells ▶     Meenu Sharma, Pushpa Hegde, Vishukumar Aimanianda et al.     Recent reports in mice demonstrate that basophils function as antigen presenting cells (APC). They express MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, capture and …             An automated system for high-throughput single cell-based breeding ▶     Nobuo Yoshimoto, Akiko Kida, Xu Jie et al.     When establishing the most appropriate cells from the huge numbers of a cell library for practical use of cells in regenerative medicine and production of various …             Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells secrete functional neprilysin-bound exosomes ▶     Takeshi Katsuda, Reiko Tsuchiya, Nobuyoshi Kosaka et al.     Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain because of an imbalance between Aβ production and clearance. Neprilysin (NEP) …             Modulation of the Unfolded Protein Response During Hepatocyte and Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis In Trauma/Hemorrhagic Shock ▶     Stephen A. Thacker, Prema Robinson, Adam Abel et al.     Trauma with hemorrhagic shock (T/HS), has been shown to result in liver injury marked by hepatocyte apoptosis and heart failure marked by cardiomyocyte apoptosis, both of which we …             Novel genetically-humanized mouse model established to evaluate efficacy of therapeutic agents to human interleukin-6 receptor ▶     Otoya Ueda, Hiromi Tateishi, Yoshinobu Higuchi et al.     For clinical trials of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to be successful, their efficacy needs to be adequately evaluated in preclinical experiments. However, in many …                         Scientific Reports is accepting submissions from all scientific fields. 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