Nature Physics August Issue

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TABLE OF CONTENTS August 2016 Volume 12, Issue 8 Editorial Thesis Books and Arts Interview Research Highlights News and Views Letters Articles Measure for Measure Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement An open access, online-only, multidisciplinary research journal dedicated to publishing the most important scientific advances in the life sciences, physical sciences, and engineering fields that are facilitated by spaceflight and analogue platforms. Explore the benefits of submitting your next research article.   Advertisement Open for Submissions  A new open access, multi- and interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing the finest research on quantum information, the journal is now open for submissions. Explore the benefits of submitting your next your next paper to npj Quantum Information.   Editorial Top Keep posting   p719 doi:10.1038/nphys3862 During its 25 years of existence, arXiv has exceeded every expectation in terms of growth and its impact on how science is disseminated. Thesis Top Searching for trouble?   p720 Mark Buchanan doi:10.1038/nphys3852 Books and Arts Top Music: The music of particle collisions   p721 Eduardo Reck Miranda doi:10.1038/nphys3848 Interview Top The future of science arXiving   p722 Iulia Georgescu doi:10.1038/nphys3849 Paul Ginsparg shares his thoughts about the future of the preprint server he created 25 years ago. Research Highlights Top Biophysics: Blurred vision | Spin waves: Law and order | History of science: Maxwell pass, Heisenberg fail | Collider physics: The next generation | Fundamental constants: Planck precision News and Views Top Petahertz Electronics: Pick up speed   pp724 - 725 Oliver D. Mücke doi:10.1038/nphys3746 A movie of ultrafast electron dynamics driven by lightwaves shows that wide-bandgap semiconductors could form the building blocks of petahertz electronic devices. See also: Letter by Mashiko et al. Structured light: Optomechanical tomography   p725 Etienne Brasselet doi:10.1038/nphys3851 Owing to the extreme sensitivity of a microscopic cantilever to optical forces, it is possible to uncover the fine structure of optical momenta and associated mechanical effects in evanescent fields. See also: Letter by Antognozzi et al. Biophysics: Life in a jam   pp726 - 727 Shreyas Gokhale and Jeff Gore doi:10.1038/nphys3777 Jammed states in growing yeast populations share intriguing similarities with amorphous solids, despite being generated through self-replication. The impact this behaviour has on cell division highlights one way that physical forces regulate biological function. See also: Letter by Delarue et al. Quantum Materials: Weyl fermions go into orbit   pp727 - 728 Xi Dai doi:10.1038/nphys3841 Due to their chirality, the massless fermions inside Weyl semimetals can take unusual paths that are governed by chiral dynamics, potentially providing a direct method to explore their topological nature. Bio-inspired materials: Drop and fold   p728 Bart Verberck doi:10.1038/nphys3855 Black hole physics: More similar than knot   pp729 - 730 José L. Gómez doi:10.1038/nphys3748 The detection of a discrete knot of particle emission from the active galaxy M81* reveals that black hole accretion is self-similar with regard to mass, producing the same knotty jets irrespective of black hole mass and accretion rate. See also: Letter by King et al. Physics JOBS of the week Postdoctoral positions (m / f) in Biological Physics Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization Faculty Positions in the Department of Physics South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC) W3 Professorship (Chair) for Experimental Physics (Optics) Friedrich-Alexander Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Professorship (W3) of Experimental Particle Physics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). More Science jobs from Physics EVENT 11th International Conference On Physics Of Advanced Materials (ICPAM-11) 08.09.16 Cluj-Napoca, Romania More science events from Letters Top Direct measurements of the extraordinary optical momentum and transverse spin-dependent force using a nano-cantilever   pp731 - 735 M. Antognozzi, C. R. Bermingham, R. L. Harniman, S. Simpson, J. Senior et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3732 An unexpected optical momentum and force perpendicular to the wavevector are measured using a nano-cantilever in an evanescent optical field, confirming a 75-year-old prediction. See also: News and Views by Brasselet Rotational Doppler effect in nonlinear optics   pp736 - 740 Guixin Li, Thomas Zentgraf and Shuang Zhang doi:10.1038/nphys3699 The change in pitch of a passing car engine is a classic example of the translational Doppler effect, but rotational Doppler shifts can also arise, as shown for circularly polarized light passing through a spinning nonlinear optical crystal. Petahertz optical drive with wide-bandgap semiconductor   pp741 - 745 Hiroki Mashiko, Katsuya Oguri, Tomohiko Yamaguchi, Akira Suda and Hideki Gotoh doi:10.1038/nphys3711 Experiments showing that electron dynamics can be controlled on attosecond timescales suggest that wide-bandgap semiconductors could be exploited for petahertz signal processing technologies. See also: News and Views by Mücke Observation of magnetic fragmentation in spin ice   pp746 - 750 S. Petit, E. Lhotel, B. Canals, M. Ciomaga Hatnean, J. Ollivier et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3710 A phenomenon known as magnetic fragmentation is observed by means of neutron scattering in the spin ice candidate Nd2Zr2O7. Charge density wave order in 1D mirror twin boundaries of single-layer MoSe2   pp751 - 756 Sara Barja, Sebastian Wickenburg, Zhen-Fei Liu, Yi Zhang, Hyejin Ryu et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3730 A scanning tunnelling microscopy study demonstrates that one-dimensional charge density waves can form at twin boundaries in a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide. Single DNA molecule jamming and history-dependent dynamics during motor-driven viral packaging   pp757 - 761 Nicholas Keller, Shelley Grimes, Paul J. Jardine and Douglas E. Smith doi:10.1038/nphys3740 The molecular motors that package DNA into viruses stall frequently under conditions promoting DNA-DNA attraction. Single-molecule experiments suggest the stalling is due to a nonequilibrium jamming transition induced by the attractive interactions. Self-driven jamming in growing microbial populations   pp762 - 766 Morgan Delarue, Jörn Hartung, Carl Schreck, Pawel Gniewek, Lucy Hu et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3741 Populations of growing yeast are shown to undergo a jamming transition typically observed in gravity-driven granular flows. The pressures generated by intercellular forces are found to be large enough to destroy the cells' micro-environment. See also: News and Views by Gokhale & Gore In situ observations of waves in Venus's polar lower thermosphere with Venus Express aerobraking   pp767 - 771 Ingo C. F. Müller-Wodarg, Sean Bruinsma, Jean-Charles Marty and Håkan Svedhem doi:10.1038/nphys3733 The final stage of the Venus Express mission involved aerobraking — or deceleration by atmospheric drag — through the upper atmosphere above the northern pole of Venus. Concurrent measurements revealed two kinds of waves. Discrete knot ejection from the jet in a nearby low-luminosity active galactic nucleus, M81∗   pp772 - 777 Ashley L. King, Jon M. Miller, Michael Bietenholz, Kayhan Gultekin, Mark T. Reynolds et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3724 Radio and X-ray observations of the jet emission from M81∗, the nearest low-luminosity supermassive black hole, reveal a knot structure. The knot is unexpected, as models generally assume a continuous and compact jet. See also: News and Views by Gómez Advertisement Nature Astronomy is open for submissions  Nature Astronomy is a truly multidisciplinary journal launching in January 2017. It will represent — and foster closer interaction between — all of the key astronomy-relevant disciplines. As a Nature Research journal, it will publish the most significant research, review and comment at the cutting edge of astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology and planetary science. For more information and to submit a manuscript visit nature.com/natureastronomy     Articles Top Measuring multipartite entanglement through dynamic susceptibilities   pp778 - 782 Philipp Hauke, Markus Heyl, Luca Tagliacozzo and Peter Zoller doi:10.1038/nphys3700 Entanglement in many-body systems is notoriously hard to quantify, but in certain situations relevant to atomic and condensed-matter experiments an entanglement witness, the quantum Fisher information, becomes measurable by means of the dynamic susceptibility. Generation and detection of atomic spin entanglement in optical lattices   pp783 - 787 Han-Ning Dai, Bing Yang, Andreas Reingruber, Xiao-Fan Xu, Xiao Jiang et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3705 Atoms in optical lattices are interesting for quantum technologies but engineering entanglement between atom pairs is difficult. Using the double-well potentials of a superlattice, the generation and detection of entanglement is more straightforward. Laser cooling and control of excitations in superfluid helium   pp788 - 793 G. I. Harris, D. L. McAuslan, E. Sheridan, Y. Sachkou, C. Baker et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3714 It takes extreme sensitivity to measure the elementary excitations in liquid helium-4. An optomechanical cavity with a thin film of superfluid inside can be used to both observe and control phonons in real time. Direct measurement of the propagation velocity of defects using coherent X-rays   pp794 - 799 Jeffrey G. Ulbrandt, Meliha G. Rainville, Christa Wagenbach, Suresh Narayanan, Alec R. Sandy et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3708 Defects affect materials' properties. A method is now presented for studying dynamic processes during the growth of thin films — specifically, the evolution of defects — based on the coherent mixing of bulk and surface X-ray scattering signals. Inertially confined fusion plasmas dominated by alpha-particle self-heating   pp800 - 806 O. A. Hurricane, D. A. Callahan, D. T. Casey, E. L. Dewald, T. R. Dittrich et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3720 Inertial confinement fusion, based on laser-heating a deuterium-tritium mixture, is one of the approaches towards energy production from fusion reactions. Now, record energy-yield experiments are reported—bringing us closer to ignition conditions. Coincidence of a high-fluence blazar outburst with a PeV-energy neutrino event   pp807 - 814 M. Kadler, F. Krauß, K. Mannheim, R. Ojha, C. Müller et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3715 The IceCube neutrino telescope in the South Pole has observed several high-energy neutrinos of undetermined origin. Could the third detected PeV event be from blazar PKS B1424-418? Measure for Measure Top The slightness of gravimetry   p816 Michel Van Camp and Olivier de Viron doi:10.1038/nphys3847 Michel Van Camp and Olivier de Viron are attracted to the fluctuations in the Earth's gravitational pull. Top Advertisement npj Flexible Electronics is a new open access journal that is now open for submissions. 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