Health and Fitness for Monday March 14, 2011

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Study: Cheery, optimists die younger RIVERSIDE, Calif. (UPI) -- Personality can affect longevity -- those with the most optimism and cheerfulness die younger than their less positive counterparts, U.S. researchers found. Study leader Howard S. Friedman, distinguished professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside; Leslie R. Martin, a psychology professor at La Sierra University in Riverside; and staff researchers -- over a 20-year period -- analyzed data from a study of 1,500 bright children who were about 10 years old when the study began in 1921. "Longevity Project participants who were the most cheerful and had the best sense of humor as kids lived shorter lives, on average, than those who were less cheerful and joking," Martin said in a statement. "It was the most prudent and persistent individuals who stayed healthiest and lived the longest." Part of the explanation lies in studying the health behaviors of the study subject -- the cheerful, happy-go-lucky kids tended to take more risks with their health across the years, Friedman explained. While an optimistic approach may be helpful in a crisis, "we found that as a general life-orientation, too much of a sense that 'everything will be just fine' can be dangerous because it can lead one to be careless about things that are important to health and long life," Friedman said. The findings are published in the book "The Longevity Project: Surprising Discoveries for Health and Long Life from the Landmark Eight-Decade Study." Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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Boy-girl friendships beneficial for boys MONTREAL (UPI) -- Children tend to make friends exclusively with same-sex peers, but early adolescence girls are first to have opposite-sex friends, Canadian researchers say. Dr. Francois Poulin of the University of Quebec at Montreal said the researchers tracked almost 400 adolescents -- 58 percent girls -- ages 12-18, from a large French-speaking school district in Canada. They were interviewed annually over a seven-year period about their friendships and use of alcohol and drugs. Among girls, anti-social behavior and early pubertal maturation accelerated opposite-sex friends -- often older males in out-of-school contexts. Since the legal drinking age is 18 in Canada, younger girls may use older boys to gain access to alcohol. "Peer relationships are considered to be one of the main risk factors for substance use. However, for boys, the formation of other-sex friendships is not associated with later substance use problems," Poulin, the study author, said in a statement. "Boys reported receiving higher levels of emotional support from their other-sex friends, whereas girls receive more support from their same-sex friends. It is possible that having other-sex friends is protective for boys because they gain emotional support and are therefore less likely to engage in problem behavior." The findings are published in the Journal of Research on Adolescence. Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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Women feel more guilty taking work home TORONTO (UPI) -- In a study of U.S. employee communications, a researcher in Canada found women report more psychological distress when contacted outside the workplace. Lead author Paul Glavin, a Ph.D. candidate in sociology at the University of Toronto, analyzed data from a national survey of American workers that asked about work communications received outside the workplace by phone, e-mail, or text about work-related matters. The study, published in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior, found women who were contacted frequently at home by supervisors, co-workers or clients reported higher levels of psychological distress, while men who received frequent work-related contact outside normal work hours were less affected. "Initially, we thought women were more distressed by frequent work contact because it interfered with their family responsibilities more so than men," Glavin said in a statement. "However, this wasn't the case. We found that women are able to juggle their work and family lives just as well as men, but they feel more guilty as a result of being contacted. This guilt seems to be at the heart of their distress." Lead investigator and co-author Scott Schieman, a University of Toronto sociology professor, said guilt seems to play a pivotal role in distinguishing women's work-family experiences from men's. "While women have increasingly taken on a central role as economic providers in today's dual-earner households, strong cultural norms may still shape ideas about family responsibilities," Schieman said. Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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British plan food and alcohol labeling LONDON (UPI) -- Britons soon will be told the alcohol content of every drink and the calorie count of every meal under a sweeping health initiative. The "public health responsibility deal" between the government and the pub and restaurant industries will be officially announced next week, The Daily Telegraph reports. Beer glasses will show drinkers how much of their daily alcohol limit they are consuming, and bottles and cans will carry warnings for pregnant women. Restaurants and office cafeterias are to list calorie counts on menus, and employers will encourage workers to shun the elevator and walk up stairs. The Association of Licensed Multiple Retailers has told its members: "Ministers have made it clear that signing up to the deal will be taken into account in considering new legislation in these areas. This could help fend off further calls for action from the health lobby." The Health Department says the guidelines are meant to help people "change their behavior." Harvester, one of Britain's largest restaurant chains, has begun labeling every menu item's calorie count, and KFC, Pizza Hut, McDonald's and Burger King are expected to follow suit. Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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