New U.S. computer to be world's fastest

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New U.S. computer to be world's fastest OAK RIDGE, Tenn. (UPI) -- A supercomputer commissioned by the U.S. Department of Energy means the United States will again be home to the fastest computer in the world, researchers say. The computer, dubbed "Titan," is predicted to achieve a computation speed 20,000 trillion calculations (20 petaflops) per second, PhysOrg.com reported Wednesday. If successful, it will surpass China's Tianhe-1A, unveiled last October by the country's National University of Defense and boasting a speed of 2.5 petaflops. The Titan, to be built by Cray Computer, will become part of a collection of some of the fastest computers in the world at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory facility in Tennessee, joining the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Gaea, the National Science Foundation's Kraken and the Department of Energy's current workhorse, the Jaguar. The Titan is expected to be used by the Energy Department to calculate complex energy systems and will cost the U.S. government approximately $100 million. The first stage of the Titan computing array is expected to be delivered by the end of this year with the second stage scheduled for sometime next year. Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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Rare gene defect affects both pain, smell LONDON (UPI) -- People with a rare genetic defect who are unable to feel pain also are unable to smell anything, as the same nerve protein is involved, U.S. researchers say. The discovery shows nerves that detect pain and those that detect odors rely on the same protein to transmit information to the brain, ScienceNews.org reported Wednesday. An international team of researchers examined three people who have mutations in the SCN9A gene and can't feel pain. All of them had broken multiple bones without feeling any pain, and two had given birth painlessly, but none of the three was aware they also couldn't smell a thing, the researchers said in their study published in the journal Nature. It's not unexpected that none of the people realized they lacked a sense of smell, experts said. "If this was a genetic defect from birth they wouldn't even know what they were missing," Graeme Lowe, a neurophysiologist at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia who was not involved in the study, said. Before this study scientists had been unaware smell and pain shared a common communication gateway. The defect is in the SCN9A gene, which makes a protein involved in sending electrical signals to the brain, which interprets them as pain. In the study, the team discovered odor-detecting nerve cells rely on the same protein. Because of the missing protein, researchers say, messages sent by both pain- and odor-sensing nerves never actually make it to the brain. Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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Satellites track complete missile flight LOS ANGELES (UPI) -- Two low-Earth-orbiting U.S. satellites have detected and tracked a ballistic missile launch through all phases of flight for the first time, officials said. This birth-to-death tracking of a ballistic missile launch had never been accomplished before from space and is a significant achievement for the Space Tracking and Surveillance System spacecraft, Doug Young of Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, builder of the satellites, said. On March 16 the satellites tracked an ARAV-B short-range target missile launched from the Pacific Missile Range Facility at Kauai, Hawaii, SPACE.com reported. An STSS satellite detected the heat signature of the launch and then locked on to the boosting missile, Young said. The data was relayed to the second satellite, which tracked the missile as it coasted through space, re-entered the atmosphere and splashed down in the ocean, he said. A tracking of a complete missile firing from launch to landing has been a long-sought goal, he said. "It's the Holy Grail for missile defense," Young said. Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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New 'space glue' developed MANHATTAN, Kan. (UPI) -- Researchers at Kansas State University say they've developed a new kind of adhesive that may someday be a staple item in every astronaut's toolbox. The adhesive made from peptides -- a compound containing two or more amino acids that link together -- gains more and more strength as moisture is removed, making it a perfect adhesive for use in the vacuum of space, a KSU release reported Wednesday. The bond the adhesive creates is mechanical, not chemical, the researchers said. "The adhesive we ended up developing was one that formed nanoscale fibrils that become entangled, sort of like Velcro. It has all these little hooks that come together," biochemistry Professor John Tomich said. "It's a mechanical type of adhesion, though, not a chemical type like most commercial adhesives." Unlike most adhesives that become brittle as moisture levels decrease, the peptide adhesive's bond only becomes stronger, making it useful in low-moisture environments such as outer space, where astronauts could use it to reattach tiles to a space shuttle, researchers say. Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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