Nature Immunology Contents: February 2013 Volume 14 pp 101 - 185

TABLE OF CONTENTS February 2013 Volume 14, Issue 2 Meeting Report Commentary News and Views Research Highlights Review Articles Resource Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Nature Outlook: Psoriasis Research into the role of the immune system in this skin disease is bearing fruit. Genetic studies hint at the condition's starting point. And now psoriasis is a proof-of-principle disease for other chronic inflammatory conditions. Access the Outlook free online for six months. Produced with support from: Celgene Corporation   Meeting Report Top Understanding the microbiota in the midst of Renaissance architecture and olive groves   pp101 - 105 Francisco Guarner, Lora V Hooper and Gabriel Núñez doi:10.1038/ni.2512 Commentary Top Personalizing medicine for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases   pp106 - 109 Andrew C Chan and Timothy W Behrens doi:10.1038/ni.2473 News and Views Top A complement a day keeps the Fox(p3) away   pp110 - 112 Gaelle Le Friec, Jörg Köhl and Claudia Kemper doi:10.1038/ni.2515 Signaling via the complement factors C3a and C5a regulates effector T cell responses. Evidence now links the absence of local complement activation with a default pathway that leads to the polarization of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. See also: Article by Strainic et al. Too much of a good thing   pp112 - 114 Atsushi Onodera, Damon John Tumes and Toshinori Nakayama doi:10.1038/ni.2510 Maintenance of the peripheral naive CD8+ T cell pool depends on T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signals and interleukin 7 (IL-7). TCR signaling limits the duration of IL-7 signals to avoid an interferon-γ-mediated mechanism of apoptotic death of naive CD8+ T cells. See also: Article by Kimura et al. Paneth cells: targets of friendly fire   pp114 - 116 Stephen J McSorley and Charles L Bevins doi:10.1038/ni.2519 Severe intestinal pathology associated with infection with Toxoplasma gondii is a result of the loss of Paneth cells, an unexpected side effect of the secretion of IFN-γ by protective CD4+ T cells in the intestinal mucosa. See also: Article by Raetz et al. Noncanonical NFATc1 activation in DN thymocytes   pp116 - 117 Fernando Macian doi:10.1038/ni.2522 Double-negative (DN) thymocytes depend on interleukin 7 (IL-7) for survival. In DN2 and DN3 cells, a new role has now been identified for signaling via the IL-7 receptor and the kinase Jak3 that leads to noncanonical activation of the transcription factor NFATc1 and upregulation of expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. See also: Article by Patra et al. Immunology JOBS of the week MRC PhD Studentships in Vaccine Research London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Research Technician Imperial College London Postdocs in tumor immunology and cancer stem cells Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Post-doctoral Researcher Rush University Medical Center (Chicago, IL, USA) Postdoc in Genomic Immunopharmacology Harvard Medical School More Science jobs from Immunology EVENT Immunometabolism: from Mechanisms to Therapy 9th June - 11th June 2013 Toronto, Canada More science events from Research Highlights Top DC defects in HIV-1 | Maturing pDCs | Cereals activate TLR4 | Nonprofessional phagocytes | Macrophage Jnk | NLRP3 ubiquitination Review Top Innate B cell helpers reveal novel types of antibody responses   pp119 - 126 Carola G Vinuesa and Pheh-Ping Chang doi:10.1038/ni.2511 Articles Top An alternative NFAT-activation pathway mediated by IL-7 is critical for early thymocyte development   pp127 - 135 Amiya K Patra, Andris Avots, René P Zahedi, Thomas Schuler, Albert Sickmann, Ursula Bommhardt and Edgar Serfling doi:10.1038/ni.2507 Interleukin 7 (IL-7) signaling is essential during early lymphocyte development. Patra and colleagues identify a distinct IL-7-kinase Jak3-dependent pathway that activates the transcription factor NFATc1 in DN1 thymocytes to promote their survival. See also: News and Views by Macian Parasite-induced TH1 cells and intestinal dysbiosis cooperate in IFN-γ-dependent elimination of Paneth cells   pp136 - 142 Megan Raetz, Sun-hee Hwang, Cara L Wilhelm, Donna Kirkland, Alicia Benson, Carolyn R Sturge, Julie Mirpuri, Shipra Vaishnava, Baidong Hou, Anthony L DeFranco, Christopher J Gilpin, Lora V Hooper and Felix Yarovinsky doi:10.1038/ni.2508 Immune responses can cause immunopathology. Yarovinsky and colleagues show that IFN-γ induced by T cell-intrinsic TLR signaling in CD4+ TH1 cells during Toxoplasma gondii infection causes dysbiosis and loss of Paneth cells. See also: News and Views by McSorley & Bevins IL-7 signaling must be intermittent, not continuous, during CD8+ T cell homeostasis to promote cell survival instead of cell death   pp143 - 151 Motoko Y Kimura, Leonid A Pobezinsky, Terry I Guinter, Julien Thomas, Anthony Adams, Jung-Hyun Park, Xuguang Tai and Alfred Singer doi:10.1038/ni.2494 Why signaling via both the receptor for interleukin 7 (IL-7R) and the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) is required for T cell homeostasis has been unclear. Singer and colleagues show that engagement of the TCR interrupts IL-7R signals to prevent a mechanism of cytokine-induced cell death. See also: News and Views by Onodera et al. The receptor PD-1 controls follicular regulatory T cells in the lymph nodes and blood   pp152 - 161 Peter T Sage, Loise M Francisco, Christopher V Carman and Arlene H Sharpe doi:10.1038/ni.2496 Follicular regulatory T cells control humoral immune responses, but how these cells are in turn controlled has been unclear. Sharpe and colleagues demonstrate that signaling via PD-1 regulates number and function of these cells. Absence of signaling into CD4+ cells via C3aR and C5aR enables autoinductive TGF-β1 signaling and induction of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells   pp162 - 171 Michael G Strainic, Ethan M Shevach, Fengqi An, Feng Lin and M Edward Medof doi:10.1038/ni.2499 Complement provides costimulatory signals to T cells. Medof and colleagues demonstrate that an absence of complement signaling in naive T cells generates an autoinductive loop to drive induced regulatory T cells. See also: News and Views by Le Friec et al. The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 negatively regulates the innate immune response to intracellular double-stranded DNA   pp172 - 178 Zhiqiang Zhang, Musheng Bao, Ning Lu, Leiyun Weng, Bin Yuan and Yong-Jun Liu doi:10.1038/ni.2492 The intracellular sensor DDX41 is important for generating innate responses to DNA viruses. Liu et al. demonstrate that the ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 degrades and thereby regulates DDX41-dependent responses. Resource Top Identification of regulators of the innate immune response to cytosolic DNA and retroviral infection by an integrative approach   pp179 - 185 Mark N Lee, Matthew Roy, Shao-En Ong, Philipp Mertins, Alexandra-Chloé Villani, Weibo Li, Farokh Dotiwala, Jayita Sen, John G Doench, Megan H Orzalli, Igor Kramnik, David M Knipe, Judy Lieberman, Steven A Carr and Nir Hacohen doi:10.1038/ni.2509 Hacohen and colleagues use an integrative approach that combines quantitative proteomics, genomics and small molecule perturbations to identify new genes involved in DNA sensing and type I interferon production. Top Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. 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