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In this special Focus, Nature Medicine is proud to present a collection of Reviews and a Perspective tackling some of the most exciting issues in translational cancer research, discussing recent advances and providing a view of what to expect in the near future.
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| 3D multifunctional integumentary membranes for spatiotemporal cardiac measurements and stimulation across the entire epicardium |  | | Lizhi Xu, Sarah R. Gutbrod, Andrew P. Bonifas, Yewang Su, Matthew S. Sulkin, Nanshu Lu, Hyun-Joong Chung, Kyung-In Jang, Zhuangjian Liu, Ming Ying, Chi Lu, R. Chad Webb, Jong-Seon Kim, Jacob I. Laughner, Huanyu Cheng, Yuhao Liu, Abid Ameen, Jae-Woong Jeong, Gwang-Tae Kim, Yonggang Huang et al. |  | | Tools for cardiac physiological mapping are important for basic and clinical cardiac research. Here the authors use 3D printing to create a thin, elastic silicone sheath that fits tightly around the entire epicardium and contains sensors to measure a variety of physiological parameters of the beating heart ex vivo. |  | | 25 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4329 |  | | Biological Sciences Materials science Medical research | 

| A plant factory for moth pheromone production OPEN |  | | Bao-Jian Ding, Per Hofvander, Hong-Lei Wang, Timothy P. Durrett, Sten Stymne and Christer Löfstedt |  | | Pheromones can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional pesticides. Here, the authors produce moth sex pheromones in Nicotiana benthamiana by transient expression and demonstrate that these pheromones are able to trap male moths as efficiently as their synthetic counterparts. |  | | 25 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4353 |  | | Biological Sciences Bioengineering Molecular biology | 
| Microgels on-demand |  | | Irwin A. Eydelnant, Bingyu Betty Li and Aaron R. Wheeler |  | | Traditional methods for forming hydrogel particles are limited by geometry and lack of addressability after synthesis. Here the authors use digital microfluidics to form individually addressable gels with customisable shapes and compositions. |  | | 25 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4355 |  | | Chemical Sciences Bioengineering Materials science | 

| Histamine H3 receptors aggravate cerebral ischaemic injury by histamine-independent mechanisms OPEN |  | | Haijing Yan, Xiangnan Zhang, Weiwei Hu, Jing Ma, Weiwei Hou, Xingzhou Zhang, Xiaofen Wang, Jieqiong Gao, Yao Shen, Jianxin Lv, Hiroshi Ohtsu, Feng Han, Guanghui Wang and Zhong Chen |  | | Histamine H3 receptor dysregulation is a hallmark of pathological conditions in the central nervous system, and H3 receptor antagonism is neuroprotective. Here Chen et al. show that histamine-independent H3 receptor activation can enhance neuronal cell death during cerebral ischaemia by suppressing autophagy. |  | | 25 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4334 |  | | Biological Sciences Cell biology Neuroscience | 


| Giant magnetic anisotropy and tunnelling of the magnetization in Li2(Li1-xFex)N |  | | A. Jesche, R.W. McCallum, S. Thimmaiah, J.L. Jacobs, V. Taufour, A. Kreyssig, R.S. Houk, S.L. Bud'ko and P.C. Canfield |  | | Functional magnetic materials with large anisotropy and coercivity, which are not based on scarce rare earth elements, are much sought after. Here, the authors show that the material Li2(Li1-xFex)N, which has similar properties as single-molecular magnets, shows those interesting properties. |  | | 25 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4333 |  | | Physical Sciences Condensed matter Materials science | 





| Carrier localization and electronic phase separation in a doped spin-orbit-driven Mott phase in Sr3(Ir1–xRux)2O7 |  | | Chetan Dhital, Tom Hogan, Wenwen Zhou, Xiang Chen, Zhensong Ren, Mani Pokharel, Yoshinori Okada, M. Heine, Wei Tian, Z. Yamani, C. Opeil, J. S. Helton, J. W. Lynn, Ziqiang Wang, Vidya Madhavan and Stephen D. Wilson |  | | Spin-orbit Mott materials such as Sr3Ir3O7 and Sr2IrO4 exhibit rich correlation-driven physics, which makes them promising candidates for novel electronic states. Here, the authors explore the effect of hole-doping within the spin-orbit Mott phase and show that the carriers localize within a phase-separated ground state. |  | | 25 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4377 |  | | Physical Sciences Condensed matter Materials science | 
| Inhibition of miR-146a prevents enterovirus-induced death by restoring the production of type I interferon |  | | Bing-Ching Ho, I-Shing Yu, Li-Fan Lu, Alexander Rudensky, Hsuan-Yu Chen, Chang-Wu Tsai, Yih-Leong Chang, Chen-Tu Wu, Luan-Yin Chang, Shin-Ru Shih, Shu-Wha Lin, Chun-Nan Lee, Pan-Chyr Yang and Sung-Liang Yu |  | | Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the causative agents of hand-food-mouth disease and to date, effective vaccines or antivirals against the disease have not been developed. Here, the authors show that blocking miR-146a upregulation induced upon EV71 infection can have a positive effect on the resolution of infection. |  | | 24 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4344 |  | | Biological Sciences Immunology Virology | 
| The origin of segmentation motor activity in the intestine |  | | Jan D. Huizinga, Ji-Hong Chen, Yong Fang Zhu, Andrew Pawelka, Ryan J. McGinn, Berj L. Bardakjian, Sean P. Parsons, Wolfgang A. Kunze, Richard You Wu, Premysl Bercik, Amir Khoshdel, Sifeng Chen, Sheng Yin, Qian Zhang, Yuanjie Yu, Qingmin Gao, Kongling Li, Xinghai Hu, Natalia Zarate, Phillip Collins et al. |  | | The segmentation motor activity of the small intestine is believed to be a result of alternating inhibitory and excitatory neural activity. Huizinga et al. show that the segmentation motor pattern is in fact a result of phase–amplitude interactions of slow-wave activities generated by two networks of interstitial cells of Cajal. |  | | 24 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4326 |  | | Biological Sciences Neuroscience | 


| Radial symmetry in a chimeric glutamate receptor pore |  | | Timothy J. Wilding, Melany N. Lopez and James E. Huettner |  | | Crystallographic studies have shown that non-NMDA glutamate receptors exhibit fourfold symmetry in the transmembrane domain in the closed state; however, structural data regarding channel opening is lacking. Using chimeric receptors, Wilding et al. provide evidence that this fourfold symmetry is maintained in the open state. |  | | 24 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4349 |  | | Biological Sciences Biochemistry Biophysics | 
| Post-fusion structural changes and their roles in exocytosis and endocytosis of dense-core vesicles |  | | Hsueh-Cheng Chiang, Wonchul Shin, Wei-Dong Zhao, Edaeni Hamid, Jiansong Sheng, Maryna Baydyuk, Peter J. Wen, Albert Jin, Fanny Momboisse and Ling-Gang Wu |  | | Fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane generates omega-shaped intermediates that are thought to either dilate until flat or less frequently, undergo pore closure. Chiang et al. reveal that in chromaffin cells, these structures do not dilate, but change in size before pore closure or shrink until undetectable. |  | | 24 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4356 |  | | Biological Sciences Biophysics Cell biology | 

| A two-locus interaction causes interspecific hybrid weakness in rice OPEN |  | | Chen Chen, Hao Chen, You-Shun Lin, Jin-Bo Shen, Jun-Xiang Shan, Peng Qi, Min Shi, Mei-Zhen Zhu, Xue-Hui Huang, Qi Feng, Bin Han, Liwen Jiang, Ji-Ping Gao and Hong-Xuan Lin |  | | Hybrids often show poorer performance than their parents due to conflict between parental genes, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, Chen et al. identify three genes that activate immune responses and hinder hybrids growth in rice, a finding that may help rice breeding. |  | | 21 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4357 |  | | Biological Sciences Evolution Genetics | 
| Hybrid carbon nanotube yarn artificial muscle inspired by spider dragline silk |  | | Kyoung-Yong Chun, Shi Hyeong Kim, Min Kyoon Shin, Cheong Hoon Kwon, Jihwang Park, Youn Tae Kim, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Márcio D. Lima, Carter S. Haines, Ray H. Baughman and Seon Jeong Kim |  | | Artificial muscles composed of carbon nanotube yarns have previously demonstrated fast, large-angle rotations. Here, the authors infiltrate carbon nanotube yarns with a paraffin wax and polystyrene-based copolymer mixture, achieving stable 9,800 r.p.m. rotation without apparent oscillation. |  | | 21 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4322 |  | | Physical Sciences Materials science Nanotechnology | 
| Capacitance of carbon-based electrical double-layer capacitors |  | | Hengxing Ji, Xin Zhao, Zhenhua Qiao, Jeil Jung, Yanwu Zhu, Yalin Lu, Li Li Zhang, Allan H. MacDonald and Rodney S. Ruoff |  | | It has been a puzzle that the capacitance of high surface area carbon electrodes is relatively low. Ji et al. measure capacitances of mono- and multilayer graphene electrodes, rationalize the 'capacitance deficit' and report an unexpected increase of capacitance with decreasing electrode thickness. |  | | 21 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4317 |  | | Physical Sciences Condensed matter Physical chemistry | 
| African origin of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax |  | | Weimin Liu, Yingying Li, Katharina S. Shaw, Gerald H. Learn, Lindsey J. Plenderleith, Jordan A. Malenke, Sesh A. Sundararaman, Miguel A. Ramirez, Patricia A. Crystal, Andrew G. Smith, Frederic Bibollet-Ruche, Ahidjo Ayouba, Sabrina Locatelli, Amandine Esteban, Fatima Mouacha, Emilande Guichet, Christelle Butel, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Bila-Isia Inogwabini, Jean-Bosco N. Ndjango et al. |  | | Plasmodium vivax, the leading cause of human malaria in Asia and Latin America, is thought to have an Asian origin. Here, the authors show that wild chimpanzees and gorillas in Africa are infected with parasites that are closely related to P. vivax, indicating an African origin for this species. |  | | 21 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4346 |  | | Biological Sciences Evolution Microbiology | 


| Genome-wide transcriptome profiling of homologous recombination DNA repair |  | | Guang Peng, Curtis Chun-Jen Lin, Wei Mo, Hui Dai, Yun-Yong Park, Soo Mi Kim, Yang Peng, Qianxing Mo, Stefan Siwko, Ruozhen Hu, Ju-Seog Lee, Bryan Hennessy, Samir Hanash, Gordon B. Mills and Shiaw-Yih Lin |  | | Defects in the homologous recombination repair of DNA can result in gene mutation and cancer. In this study, Peng et al. identify a gene signature associated with homologous recombination repair deficiency and show that this can be used both to predict repair defects and clinical outcome in cancer patients. |  | | 20 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4361 |  | | Biological Sciences Cancer | 

| Coherent dynamics of a telecom-wavelength entangled photon source |  | | M.B. Ward, M.C. Dean, R.M. Stevenson, A.J. Bennett, D.J.P. Ellis, K. Cooper, I. Farrer, C.A. Nicoll, D.A. Ritchie and A.J. Shields |  | | Future quantum networks will require entangled photons operating in the telecommunications band, so they can integrate with existing architectures. Ward et al. present a quantum-dot-entangled-photon-pair source in this region and a method to measure the fidelity of a time-evolving Bell state. |  | | 19 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4316 |  | | Physical Sciences Applied physics Optical physics | 
| The Spirodela polyrhiza genome reveals insights into its neotenous reduction fast growth and aquatic lifestyle OPEN |  | | W. Wang, G. Haberer, H. Gundlach, C. Gläßer, T. Nussbaumer, M.C. Luo, A. Lomsadze, M. Borodovsky, R.A. Kerstetter, J. Shanklin, D.W. Byrant, T.C. Mockler, K.J. Appenroth, J. Grimwood, J. Jenkins, J. Chow, C. Choi, C. Adam, X.-H. Cao, J. Fuchs et al. |  | | Spirodela, or duckweed, is a basal monocotyledonous plant with both pharmaceutical and commercial value. Here, the authors sequence the genome of Spirodela polyrhiza, suggesting its genome has evolved by neotenous reduction and clonal propagation, and provide a platform for future comparative genomic studies in angiosperms. |  | | 19 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4311 |  | | Biological Sciences Evolution Genetics | 



| The DUSP26 phosphatase activator adenylate kinase 2 regulates FADD phosphorylation and cell growth OPEN |  | | Hyunjoo Kim, Ho-June Lee, Yumin Oh, Seon-Guk Choi, Se-Hoon Hong, Hyo-Jin Kim, Song-Yi Lee, Ji-Woo Choi, Deog Su Hwang, Key-Sun Kim, Hyo-Joon Kim, Jianke Zhang, Hyun-Jo Youn, Dong-Young Noh and Yong-Keun Jung |  | | Adenylate kinase 2 can bind to FADD. In this study, Kim et al. show that adenylate kinase 2 is a tumour suppressor and interacts with the phosphatase DUSP6, and this in turn regulates the phosphorylation of FADD. |  | | 19 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4351 |  | | Biological Sciences Cancer Cell biology | | | | | |  | | | | | Latest Corrigenda | | | | | | Corrigendum: Manipulating surface reactions in lithium–sulphur batteries using hybrid anode structures |  | | Cheng Huang, Jie Xiao, Yuyan Shao, Jianming Zheng, Wendy D. Bennett, Dongping Lu, Laxmikant V. Saraf, Mark Engelhard, Liwen Ji, Jiguang Zhang, Xiaolin Li, Gordon L. Graff and Jun Liu |  | | 20 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4343 |  | | Chemical Sciences Materials science Physical chemistry | 
 | | | | | Corrigendum: A nanostructured cathode architecture for low charge overpotential in lithium-oxygen batteries |  | | Jun Lu, Yu Lei, Kah Chun Lau, Xiangyi Luo, Peng Du, Jianguo Wen, Rajeev S Assary, Ujjal Das, Dean Miller, Jeffrey W Elam, Hassan M Albishri, D Abd El-Hady, Yang-Kook Sun, Larry A Curtiss and Khalil Amine |  | | 19 February 2014 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4290 |  | | Chemical Sciences Materials science Nanotechnology | | |  | | | | | Latest Erratum | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  |  |  |  |  |  | Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here.
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