Nature Immunology Contents: June 2014 Volume 15 pp 483 - 587

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TABLE OF CONTENTS June 2014 Volume 15, Issue 6 Focus Editorial Reviews Research Highlights News and Views Articles Resource Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement 9th Congress of the International Society of NeuroImmunoModulation (ISNIM) to be held at the Palais des Congrès in Liege, Belgium, from September 25-27, 2014. This congress aims to bring together academic and industry scientists, investigating the very important fundamental, clinical and pharmacological impacts of the interactions between the major systems of cell-to-cell communication, the immune, nervous and endocrine systems. Register now   Advertisement Nature Outlook Antibiotics Antibiotic-resistant infections are increasing worldwide. As this Outlook reveals, it will take agricultural and healthcare reforms to defeat the encroaching bacterial epidemic.  Access the Outlook free online for six months. Produced with support from Roche.    Focus Top Focus on High-dimensional immune analysis Contents Editorial Review Research Highlights A series of Reviews specially commissioned by Nature Immunology discuss post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications in the immune system. The Focus covers the role of such modifications in various aspects of the immune system ranging from development to activation to immunopathology. For more information visit: http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/ptm Editorial Top Focus on Post-Transcriptional and Post-Translational Control of Immunity Modifying immunity   p483 doi:10.1038/ni.2896 Post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications exert subtle yet profound influences on all aspects of immunity. Reviews Top Focus on Post-Transcriptional and Post-Translational Control of Immunity Noncoding RNA and its associated proteins as regulatory elements of the immune system   pp484 - 491 Martin Turner, Alison Galloway and Elena Vigorito doi:10.1038/ni.2887 Non-coding RNA accounts for a large proportion of the mammalian genome. In this Focus Review, Martin Turner and colleagues explore how these RNA species regulate gene transcription in the immune system. Focus on Post-Transcriptional and Post-Translational Control of Immunity Post-transcriptional coordination of immunological responses by RNA-binding proteins   pp492 - 502 Panagiota Kafasla, Antonis Skliris and Dimitris L Kontoyiannis doi:10.1038/ni.2884 RNA-binding proteins regulate gene expression by interacting with mRNA and destabilizing it. In this Focus Review, Kontoyiannis and colleagues describe how this class of protein affects various aspects of immunological function. Focus on Post-Transcriptional and Post-Translational Control of Immunity Translational control of immune responses: from transcripts to translatomes   pp503 - 511 Ciriaco A Piccirillo, Eva Bjur, Ivan Topisirovic, Nahum Sonenberg and Ola Larsson doi:10.1038/ni.2891 Translation of mRNA is controlled by a whole host of tightly regulated processes. In this Focus Review, Piccirillo et al. describe how translational skewing can serve a key role in the immune system. Focus on Post-Transcriptional and Post-Translational Control of Immunity Unconventional post-translational modifications in immunological signaling   pp512 - 520 Kerri A Mowen and Michael David doi:10.1038/ni.2873 Immune system proteins are subject to numerous post-translational modifications. In this Focus review, Mowen and David describe the key 'non-conventional' modifications such as acetylation and nitrosylation that affect immunologically-relevant proteins. Focus on Post-Transcriptional and Post-Translational Control of Immunity Immune diseases caused by mutations in kinases and components of the ubiquitin system   pp521 - 529 Philip Cohen doi:10.1038/ni.2892 Approximately 10% of the human genome is involved in either ubiquitination or phosphorylation. In this Focus Review, Cohen describes the mutations underlying the diseases afflicting these important post-translational systems. Research Highlights Top Focus on Post-Transcriptional and Post-Translational Control of Immunity Novel nucleosome regulator | Daxx the downregulator | Deactivating IRF3 | The protein economy of a cell | lncRNA for DCs | Regulating RIG-I News and Views Top A ROG(ue) in charge of the (natural) killers   pp531 - 532 Thomas Ciucci and Rémy Bosselut doi:10.1038/ni.2895 Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that exhibit many features of adaptive immunity, such as long-lived memory. This can now be extended to the transcriptional circuits that control the proliferation of NK cells and lymphocytes. See also: Article by Beaulieu et al. Uhrf to Treg cells: reinforcing the mucosal peacekeepers   pp533 - 534 Daniel H D Gray and Adrian Liston doi:10.1038/ni.2893 The colonization of the colon with commensal microflora drives the induction and population expansion of regulatory T cells, an immunological adaption needed to prevent mucosal inflammation. The epigenetic modifier Uhrf1 acts as a key molecular mediator of such expansion and the establishment of a harmonious mucosal environment. See also: Article by Obata et al. Rad50 and CARD9, missing links in cytosolic DNA-stimulated inflammation   pp534 - 536 Andrew G Bowie doi:10.1038/ni.2894 The DNA-damage sensor Rad50 couples the sensing of cytosolic DNA to the innate immunological adaptor CARD9 to stimulate DNA-dependent activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. This facilitates DNA virus-stimulated production of the cytokine IL-1β. See also: Article by Roth et al. Immunology JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Fellowship in Immunology and Virology National University of Singapore (NUS) Cancer Immunology Program-Faculty Yale Cancer Center and Yale School of Medicine Postdoctoral Fellow-Immunology Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute Immunology Post-doctoral Positions Department of Microbiology, School of Medicien, UAB BCM - Baylor College of Medicine, Vice Chair of the Immunology Division BCM - Baylor College of Medicine More Science jobs from Immunology EVENT Tumor Immunology 1st Dec 2014 Orlando, USA More science events from Research Highlights Top Apoptotic turnoff | Interferon targets | Microbiota-induced priming | T cell specificity | New PD-L2 partner | Recognizing bacteria Articles Top Rad50-CARD9 interactions link cytosolic DNA sensing to IL-1β production   pp538 - 545 Susanne Roth, Andrea Rottach, Amelie S Lotz-Havla, Verena Laux, Andreas Muschaweckh et al. doi:10.1038/ni.2888 Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm triggers IL-1β production as an antiviral response. Ruland and colleagues describe the formation of dsDNA-Rad50-CARD9 signaling complexes for NF-κB activation and the generation of pro-IL-1β after infection with a DNA virus. See also: News and Views by Bowie The transcription factor Zbtb32 controls the proliferative burst of virus-specific natural killer cells responding to infection   pp546 - 553 Aimee M Beaulieu, Carolyn L Zawislak, Toshinori Nakayama and Joseph C Sun doi:10.1038/ni.2876 Natural killer (NK) cells help control viral infections and mediate antitumor responses. Joseph Sun and colleagues show the transcription factor Zbtb32 antagonizes Blimp-1 to mediate replicative bursts of NK cells. See also: News and Views by Ciucci & Bosselut A regulatory role for TGF-β signaling in the establishment and function of the thymic medulla   pp554 - 561 Mathias Hauri-Hohl, Saulius Zuklys, Georg A Holländer and Steven F Ziegler doi:10.1038/ni.2869 Double-positive αβ thymocytes undergo negative selection on thymic epithelial cells. Ziegler and colleagues show that TGF-β limits numbers and function of medullary thymic epithelial cells, thus influencing the resultant T cell repertoire. USP15 stabilizes MDM2 to mediate cancer-cell survival and inhibit antitumor T cell responses   pp562 - 570 Qiang Zou, Jin Jin, Hongbo Hu, Haiyan S Li, Simona Romano et al. doi:10.1038/ni.2885 Sun and colleagues show that the deubiquitinase USP15 stabilizes expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 in T cells, which results in inhibition of T cell activation, and in cancer cells, which results in survival of cancer cells. The epigenetic regulator Uhrf1 facilitates the proliferation and maturation of colonic regulatory T cells   pp571 - 579 Yuuki Obata, Yukihiro Furusawa, Takaho A Endo, Jafar Sharif, Daisuke Takahashi et al. doi:10.1038/ni.2886 Regulatory T cells proliferate robustly in gut lymphoid tissues. Hase et al. show that this proliferation requires their expression of the epigenetic regulator Uhrf1, which is increased in response to IL-2 produced by effector T cells. See also: News and Views by Gray & Liston Resource Top Inflammation-induced repression of chromatin bound by the transcription factor Foxp3 in regulatory T cells   pp580 - 587 Aaron Arvey, Joris van der Veeken, Robert M Samstein, Yongqiang Feng, John A Stamatoyannopoulos et al. doi:10.1038/ni.2868 The transcription factor Foxp3 is essential for the function of regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Rudensky and colleagues show binding of Foxp3 poises target genes for repression and, after activation of Treg cells, recruits the histone methyltransferase Ezh2. Top Advertisement An open access online-only multidisciplinary journal publishing high-quality research in all areas of primary care management of respiratory and respiratory-related allergic diseases. 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