Nature Reviews Microbiology contents September 2014 Volume 12 Number 9 pp 593-653

TABLE OF CONTENTS
September 2014 Volume 12 Number 9
Impact Factor 23.317 *	In this issue Research Highlights News and Analysis Reviews Analysis Perspectives Also this month  Featured article: Citrobacter rodentium: infection, inflammation and the microbiota James W. Collins, Kristie M. Keeney, Valerie F. Crepin, Vijay A. K. Rathinam, Katherine A. Fitzgerald, B. Brett Finlay & Gad Frankel
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Immune evasion: See no evil p593 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3327 Two studies show how measles virus avoids cytosolic recognition by RIG-I and MDA5. PDF Parasite physiology: PTEX in the spotlight p594 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3334 Two recent Nature papers provide functional evidence for a role for PTEX in the export of Plasmodium proteins into red blood cells. PDF Viral infection: Seeding the HIV-1 reservoir p594 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3342 A new study shows that the HIV viral reservoir is seeded rapidly, even before the establishment of viraemia. PDF Bacterial physiology: Flipping out over MurJ p595 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3328 A new study identifies MurJ as the lipid II flippase in Escherichia coli. PDF Bacterial pathogenesis: Pneumococci find a sugar daddy in influenza p596 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3329 Pneumococci take advantage of the influenza-mediated increase in host-derived sialylated substrates to promote replication and spread to the lungs. PDF IN BRIEF Bacterial transcription: The mechanism of bursting | Bacterial toxins: New weapons for plant colonization | Techniques and applications: Digging out bacterial hydrolases | Bacterial pathogenesis: More to CRISPR than adaptive immunity | Viral pathogenesis: Influenza knows how to exploit its host | Microbial ecology: Turning up the heat on biofilms PDF Microbiology JOBS of the week Assistant Professorships within the general areas of cell biology and microbiology The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Faculty of Science, University of Southern Denmark Postdoctoral position in Microbiology UCLA Professor of Medicine at Ragon Institute and Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at Harvard Medical School Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Associate Professorships (permanent positions) within the general areas of cell biology and microbiology The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Faculty of Science, University of Southern Denmark Chair / Senior Lecturer in Clinical Microbiology (Clinical) The University of Sheffield More Science jobs from Microbiology EVENT Microbiology & Infectious Diseases Congress 29.09.14 Oxford, UK More science events from
NEWS AND ANALYSIS		Top
GENOME WATCH Voyage to the bottom of the 'seaquence' Rachael Wash & Carmen Diaz Soria p597 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3341 This month's Genome Watch highlights the use of deep sequencing metagenomics to identify bacteriophages that carry sulphur-oxidizing genes in deep-sea hydrothermal vent plumes. PDF
REVIEWS		Top
Novel bacterial ADP-ribosylating toxins: structure and function Nathan C. Simon, Klaus Aktories & Joseph T. Barbieri p599 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3310 Bacterial ADP-ribosyltransferase toxins (bARTTs) transfer ADP-ribose to a range of eukaryotic proteins to promote bacterial pathogenesis. In this Review, the authors discuss the structural and functional properties of the most recently identified novel bARTTs, which are produced by various human, insect and plant pathogens and were identified using bioinformatic analyses. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Citrobacter rodentium: infection, inflammation and the microbiota James W. Collins, Kristie M. Keeney, Valerie F. Crepin, Vijay A. K. Rathinam, Katherine A. Fitzgerald, B. Brett Finlay & Gad Frankel p612 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3315 The mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium has long been used as a model for investigating the pathogenesis of the important enteric human pathogens, enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). In this Review, Frankel and colleagues discuss the infection cycle of this pathogen, the mucosal immune response that is elicited and the role of the gut microbiota in preventing colonization. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
RAB11-mediated trafficking in host-pathogen interactions Annabel Guichard, Victor Nizet & Ethan Bier p624 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3325 Pathogens block or subvert host cellular processes to promote successful infection. One host protein that is targeted by invading pathogens is the small GTPase RAB11, which functions in vesicular trafficking. Bier and colleagues discuss the various mechanisms that pathogens have evolved to disrupt or subvert RAB11-dependent pathways as part of their infection strategy. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
ANALYSIS		Top
Uniting the classification of cultured and uncultured bacteria and archaea using 16S rRNA gene sequences Pablo Yarza, Pelin Yilmaz, Elmar Pruesse, Frank Oliver Glöckner, Wolfgang Ludwig, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, William B. Whitman, Jean Euzéby, Rudolf Amann & Ramon Rosselló-Móra p635 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3330 The vast increase in the number of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences that are now available has led to an urgent need to implement taxonomic boundaries and classification principles that can apply to both cultured and uncultured microorganisms. In this Analysis article, the authors use 16S rRNA gene sequence identities to propose rational taxonomic boundaries for high taxa of bacteria and archaea and suggest a rationale for the circumscription of uncultured taxa that is compatible with the taxonomy of cultured bacteria and archaea. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
PERSPECTIVES		Top
OPINION Pervasive transcription: illuminating the dark matter of bacterial transcriptomes Joseph T. Wade & David C. Grainger p647 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3316 It has recently emerged that pervasive transcription is widespread in bacteria and is caused by transcription from non-canonical promoters and terminator readthrough. However, whether the resultant transcripts have any functional role is unclear. In this Opinion article, Wade and Grainger argue that pervasive transcripts are likely to be important for the regulation of gene expression and genome evolution. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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*2013 Journal Citation Report (Thomson Reuters, 2014)

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