Scientific Reports Table of Contents e-alert: 10 February 2015

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10 February 2015      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports             Jump to the content that matters to you ▼ Biological Sciences   ▼ Chemical Sciences   ▼ Physical Sciences   ▼ Earth & Environmental Sciences   ▼ Health Sciences               Biological Sciences ▲ top               Survey of commercial Rhodiola products revealed species diversity and potential safety issues ▶     Tianyi Xin, Xiaojin Li, Hui Yao et al.     The adulteration of herbal products is a threat to consumer safety. Here we surveyed the species composition of commercial Rhodiola products using DNA barcoding as a supervisory …             Complete genome sequence and transcriptomics analyses reveal pigment biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms in an industrial strain, Monascus purpureus YY-1 ▶     Yue Yang, Bin Liu, Xinjun Du et al.     Monascus has been used to produce natural colorants and food supplements for more than one thousand years, and approximately more than one billion people eat Monascus-fermented …             Calcium-dependent protein kinases responsible for the phosphorylation of a bZIP transcription factor FD crucial for the florigen complex formation ▶     Nozomi Kawamoto, Michiko Sasabe, Motomu Endo et al.     Appropriate timing of flowering is critical for reproductive success and necessarily involves complex genetic regulatory networks. A mobile floral signal, called florigen, is a …             Bioluminescence based biosensors for quantitative detection of enterococcal peptide–pheromone activity reveal inter-strain telesensing in vivo during polymicrobial systemic infection ▶     Sabina Leanti La Rosa, Margrete Solheim, Dzung B. Diep et al.     Enterococcus faecalis is a significant threat in the nosocomial setting due to the emergence of isolates that are multi-antibiotic resistant, refractory to the available …             The pattern of DNA cleavage intensity around indels ▶     Wei Chen, Liqing Zhang     Indels (insertions and deletions) are the second most common form of genetic variations in the eukaryotic genomes and are responsible for a multitude of genetic diseases. Despite …             Enhanced targeted integration mediated by translocated I-SceI during the Agrobacterium mediated transformation of yeast ▶     Martijn Rolloos, Paul J. J. Hooykaas, Bert J. van der Zaal     Agrobacterium mediated transformation (AMT) has been embraced by biotechnologists as the technology of choice to introduce or alter genetic traits of plants. However, in plants …             Handedness and the X chromosome: The role of androgen receptor CAG-repeat length ▶     Larissa Arning, Sebastian Ocklenburg, Stefanie Schulz et al.     Prenatal androgen exposure has been suggested to be one of the factors influencing handedness, making the androgen receptor gene (AR) a likely candidate gene for individual …             GADD34 inhibits activation-induced apoptosis of macrophages through enhancement of autophagy ▶     Sachiko Ito, Yuriko Tanaka, Reina Oshino et al.     Autophagy is a common physiological function in all eukaryotes. The process is induced by depletion of nutrients including amino acids. GADD34 is expressed following DNA damage, …             Optogenetic induction of contractile ability in immature C2C12 myotubes ▶     Toshifumi Asano, Toru Ishizuka, Keisuke Morishima et al.     Myoblasts can be differentiated into multinucleated myotubes, which provide a well-established and reproducible muscle cell model for skeletal myogenesis in vitro. However, under …             Discordance of DNA Methylation Variance Between two Accessible Human Tissues ▶     Ruiwei Jiang, Meaghan J. Jones, Edith Chen et al.     Population epigenetic studies have been seeking to identify differences in DNA methylation between specific exposures, demographic factors, or diseases in accessible tissues, but …             Live cell immunogold labelling of RNA polymerase II ▶     Igor Orlov, Andreas Schertel, Guy Zuber et al.     Labeling nuclear proteins with electron dense probes in living cells has been a major challenge due to their inability to penetrate into nuclei. We developed a lipid-based …             Sensory afferent segregation in three-eared frogs resemble the dominance columns observed in three-eyed frogs ▶     Karen L. Elliott, Douglas W. Houston, Bernd Fritzsch     The formation of proper sensory afferent connections during development is essential for brain function. Activity-based competition is believed to drive ocular dominance columns …             Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Electrolysis. ▶     Arie Meir, Mohammad Hjouj, Liel Rubinsky et al.     This study explores the hypothesis that Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can image the process of electrolysis by detecting pH fronts. The study has relevance to real time …             Stretching Fibroblasts Remodels Fibronectin and Alters Cancer Cell Migration ▶     Mingfang Ao, Bryson M. Brewer, Lijie Yang et al.     Most investigations of cancer-stroma interactions have focused on biochemical signaling effects, with much less attention being paid to biophysical factors. In this study, we …             Fukutin is prerequisite to ameliorate muscular dystrophic phenotype by myofiber-selective LARGE expression ▶     Yoshihisa Ohtsuka, Motoi Kanagawa, Chih-Chieh Yu et al.     α-Dystroglycanopathy (α-DGP) is a group of muscular dystrophy characterized by abnormal glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG), including Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy …             Analysis of the sericin1 promoter and assisted detection of exogenous gene expression efficiency in the silkworm Bombyx mori L. ▶     Lupeng Ye, Qiujie Qian, Yuyu Zhang et al.     In genetics, the promoter is one of the most important regulatory elements controlling the spatiotemporal expression of a target gene. However, most studies have focused on core …             Shorter spontaneous fixation durations in infants with later emerging autism ▶     Sam V. Wass, Emily J. H. Jones, Teodora Gliga et al.     Little is known about how spontaneous attentional deployment differs on a millisecond-level scale in the early development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We measured …             Metabolomic profiling reveals deep chemical divergence between two morphotypes of the zoanthid Parazoanthus axinellae ▶     Nadja Cachet, Grégory Genta-Jouve, Julijana Ivanisevic et al.     Metabolomics has recently proven its usefulness as complementary tool to traditional morphological and genetic analyses for the classification of marine invertebrates. Among the …             Natural Green Coating Inhibits Adhesion of Clinically Important Bacteria ▶     Danielle S. Trentin, Denise B. Silva, Amanda P. Frasson et al.     Despite many advances, biomaterial-associated infections continue to be a major clinical problem. In order to minimize bacterial adhesion, material surface modifications are …             System-wide analysis of the transcriptional network of human myelomonocytic leukemia cells predicts attractor structure and phorbol-ester-induced differentiation and dedifferentiation transitions ▶     Katsumi Sakata, Hajime Ohyanagi, Shinji Sato et al.     We present a system-wide transcriptional network structure that controls cell types in the context of expression pattern transitions that correspond to cell type transitions. …             Interbreeding among deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages in the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) ▶     Christoph von Beeren, Mark Y. Stoeckle, Joyce Xia et al.     DNA barcoding promises to be a useful tool to identify pest species assuming adequate representation of genetic variants in a reference library. Here we examined mitochondrial …             Getting ready for invasions: can background level of risk predict the ability of naïve prey to survive novel predators? ▶     Maud C. O. Ferrari, Adam L. Crane, Grant E. Brown et al.     Factors predicting the outcome of predator invasions on native prey communities are critical to our understanding of invasion ecology. Here, we tested whether background level of …             The expression and crystallization of Cry65Aa require two C-termini, revealing a novel evolutionary strategy of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins ▶     Dong-hai Peng, Cui-yun Pang, Han Wu et al.     The insecticidal crystal protein (Cry) genes of Bacillus thuringiensis are a key gene resource for generating transgenic crops with pest resistance. However, many cry genes …             Association of genetic variants of GRIN2B with autism ▶     Yongcheng Pan, Jingjing Chen, Hui Guo et al.     Autism (MIM 209850) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication impairments and restricted repetitive behaviors. It has a high heritability, …             Ranking the impact of human health disorders on gut metabolism: Systemic lupus erythematosus and obesity as study cases ▶     David Rojo, Arancha Hevia, Rafael Bargiela et al.     Multiple factors have been shown to alter intestinal microbial diversity. It remains to be seen, however, how multiple collective pressures impact the activity in the gut …             Anatomical networks reveal the musculoskeletal modularity of the human head ▶     Borja Esteve-Altava, Rui Diogo, Christopher Smith et al.     Mosaic evolution is a key mechanism that promotes robustness and evolvability in living beings. For the human head, to have a modular organization would imply that each …             Correlations between long inverted repeat (LIR) features, deletion size and distance from breakpoint in human gross gene deletions ▶     Nevim Aygun     Long inverted repeats (LIRs) have been shown to induce genomic deletions in yeast. In this study, LIRs were investigated within ±10 kb spanning each breakpoint from 109 human …             A preliminary exploration on DNA methylation of transgene across generations in transgenic rats ▶     Qiling Li, Wei Xu, Ye Cui et al.     Epigenetic heritability is an important issue in the field of genetics and also in the development of many human diseases. In this study, we created a transgenic rat model and …             Analysis of Major Genome Loci Underlying Artemisinin Resistance and pfmdr1 Copy Number in pre- and post-ACTs in Western Kenya ▶     Bidii S. Ngalah, Luiser A. Ingasia, Agnes C. Cheruiyot et al.     Genetic analysis of molecular markers is critical in tracking the emergence and/or spread of artemisinin resistant parasites. Clinical isolates collected in western Kenya pre- …             Network analysis suggests a potentially ‘evil’ alliance of opportunistic pathogens inhibited by a cooperative network in human milk bacterial communities ▶     Zhanshan (Sam) Ma, Qiong Guan, Chengxi Ye et al.     The critical importance of human milk to infants and even human civilization has been well established. Yet our understanding of the milk microbiome has been limited to …             Hydrogen sulfide modulates actin-dependent auxin transport via regulating ABPs results in changing of root development in Arabidopsis ▶     Honglei Jia, Yanfeng Hu, Tingting Fan et al.     Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling has been considered a key regulator of plant developmental processes and defenses. In this study, we demonstrate that high levels of H2S inhibit …             Efficient generation of gene-modified pigs via injection of zygote with Cas9/sgRNA ▶     Yong Wang, Yinan Du, Bin Shen et al.     Co-injection of zygotes with Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA has been proven to be an efficient gene-editing strategy for genome modification of different species. Genetic engineering in …             Characterization of 10-Hydroxygeraniol Dehydrogenase from Catharanthus roseus Reveals Cascaded Enzymatic Activity in Iridoid Biosynthesis ▶     Ramakrishnan Krithika, Prabhakar Lal Srivastava, Bajaj Rani et al.     Catharanthus roseus [L.] is a major source of the monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs), which are of significant interest due to their therapeutic value. These molecules are …             Ionic Polymer-Coated Laccase with High Activity and Enhanced Stability: Application in the Decolourisation of Water Containing AO7 ▶     Xiaolin Zhang, Ming Hua, Lu Lv et al.     Eliminating dyes in environmental water purification remains a formidable challenge. Laccase is a unique, environmentally friendly and efficient biocatalyst that can degrade …             Differential expression of microRNAs in preneoplastic gastric mucosa ▶     Alexander Link, Wiebke Schirrmeister, Cosima Langner et al.     Gastric carcinogenesis is a multifactorial H.pylori-triggered dynamic process that goes through a cascade of preneoplastic conditions. The expression of miRNAs in the stomach …             3D morphometric analysis of fossil canid skulls contradicts the suggested domestication of dogs during the late Paleolithic ▶     Abby Grace Drake, Michael Coquerelle, Guillaume Colombeau     Whether dogs were domesticated during the Pleistocene, when humans were hunter-gatherers, or during the Neolithic, when humans began to form permanent settlements and engage in …             The contribution of PA-X to the virulence of pandemic 2009 H1N1 and highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses ▶     Huijie Gao, Yipeng Sun, Jiao Hu et al.     PA-X is a novel protein encoded by PA mRNA and is found to decrease the pathogenicity of pandemic 1918 H1N1 virus in mice. However, the importance of PA-X proteins in current …             Loss of α1,6-fucosyltransferase suppressed liver regeneration: implication of core fucose in the regulation of growth factor receptor-mediated cellular signaling ▶     Yuqin Wang, Tomohiko Fukuda, Tomoya Isaji et al.     Core fucosylation is an important post-translational modification, which is catalyzed by α1,6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8). Increased expression of Fut8 has been shown in diverse …             Genetic polymorphism analyses of 30 InDels in Chinese Xibe ethnic group and its population genetic differentiations with other groups ▶     Hao-Tian Meng, Yu-Dang Zhang, Chun-Mei Shen et al.     In the present study, we obtained population genetic data and forensic parameters of 30 InDel loci in Chinese Xibe ethnic group from northwestern China and studied the genetic …             Crmp4 deletion promotes recovery from spinal cord injury by neuroprotection and limited scar formation ▶     Jun Nagai, Yoshiteru Kitamura, Kazuki Owada et al.     Axonal outgrowth inhibitors and scar formation are two major obstacles to central nervous system (CNS) repair. No target molecule that regulates both axonal growth and scarring …             De novo assembly, transcriptome characterization, lignin accumulation, and anatomic characteristics: novel insights into lignin biosynthesis during celery leaf development ▶     Xiao-Ling Jia, Guang-Long Wang, Fei Xiong et al.     Celery of the family Apiaceae is a biennial herb that is cultivated and consumed worldwide. Lignin is essential for cell wall structural integrity, stem strength, water …             Associations of PI3KR1 and mTOR Polymorphisms with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk and Gene-Environment Interactions in Eastern Chinese Populations ▶     Jinhong Zhu, Mengyun Wang, Meiling Zhu et al.     Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may contribute to carcinogenesis. We genotyped five potentially functional PIK3R1 and mTOR SNPs …             Deficiency of Capicua disrupts bile acid homeostasis ▶     Eunjeong Kim, Sungjun Park, Nahyun Choi et al.     Capicua (CIC) has been implicated in pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and cancer in mammals; however, the in vivo physiological functions of CIC remain largely …             Core – shell upconversion nanoparticle – semiconductor heterostructures for photodynamic therapy ▶     Qing Qing Dou, Adith Rengaramchandran, Subramanian Tamil Selvan et al.     Core-shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) with diverse chemical compositions have been attracting greater attention in recent years. However, it has been a challenge to develop CSNPs with …             Targeted Sequencing in Chromosome 17q Linkage Region Identifies Familial Glioma Candidates in the Gliogene Consortium ▶     Ali Jalali, E. Susan Amirian, Matthew N. Bainbridge et al.     Glioma is a rare, but highly fatal, cancer that accounts for the majority of malignant primary brain tumors. Inherited predisposition to glioma has been consistently observed …             Zero Valent Iron Significantly Enhances Methane Production from Waste Activated Sludge by Improving Biochemical Methane Potential Rather Than Hydrolysis Rate ▶     Yiwen Liu, Qilin Wang, Yaobin Zhang et al.     Anaerobic digestion has been widely applied for waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment. However, methane production from anaerobic digestion of WAS is usually limited by the slow …             Cytosolic Irradiation of Femtosecond Laser Induces Mitochondria-dependent Apoptosis-like Cell Death via Intrinsic Reactive Oxygen Cascades ▶     Jonghee Yoon, Seung-wook Ryu, Seunghee Lee et al.     High-intensity femtosecond lasers have recently been used to irreversibly disrupt nanoscale structures, such as intracellular organelles, and to modify biological functions in a …             A dye-decolorizing peroxidase from Bacillus subtilis exhibiting substrate-dependent optimum temperature for dyes and β-ether lignin dimer ▶     Kyoungseon Min, Gyeongtaek Gong, Han Min Woo et al.     In the biorefinery using lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock, pretreatment to breakdown or loosen lignin is important step and various approaches have been conducted. For …             The shift between the Red Queen and the Red King effects in mutualisms ▶     Lei Gao, Yao-Tang Li, Rui-Wu Wang     Interspecific mutualisms consist of partners trading services that yield common benefits to both species. Until now, understanding how the payoffs from mutualistic cooperation …             Characterization of Monobody Scaffold Interactions with Ligand via Force Spectroscopy and Steered Molecular Dynamics ▶     Luthur Siu-Lun Cheung, Daniel J. Shea, Nathan Nicholes et al.     Monobodies are antibody alternatives derived from fibronectin that are thermodynamically stable, small in size, and can be produced in bacterial systems. Monobodies have been …             A consensus linkage map of oil palm and a major QTL for stem height ▶     May Lee, Jun Hong Xia, Zhongwei Zou et al.     Oil palm (Elaeis guinensis Jacquin) is the most important source of vegetable oil and fat. Several linkage maps had been constructed using dominant and co-dominant markers to …             Co-overexpression of geraniol-10-hydroxylase and strictosidine synthase improves anti-cancer drug camptothecin accumulation in Ophiorrhiza pumila ▶     Lijie Cui, Xiaoling Ni, Qian Ji et al.     Camptothecin (CPT) belongs to a group of monoterpenoidindole alkaloids (TIAs) and its derivatives such as irinothecan and topothecan have been widely used worldwide for the …             Rab1A regulates anterograde melanosome transport by recruiting kinesin-1 to melanosomes through interaction with SKIP ▶     Morié Ishida, Norihiko Ohbayashi, Mitsunori Fukuda     Melanosomes are lysosome-related organelles in melanocytes that are transported from the perinucleus to the cell periphery by coordination between bidirectional (anterograde and …             Inhibition of IAPP aggregation by insulin depends on the insulin oligomeric state regulated by zinc ion concentration ▶     Praveen Nedumpully-Govindan, Feng Ding     While islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) aggregation is associated with β-cell death in type-II diabetes (T2D), environmental elements of β-cell granules — e.g. high concentrations …             Risk sensitivity as an evolutionary adaptation ▶     Arend Hintze, Randal S. Olson, Christoph Adami et al.     Risk aversion is a common behavior universal to humans and animals alike. Economists have traditionally defined risk preferences by the curvature of the utility function. …             Jagged-1 signaling suppresses the IL-6 and TGF-β treatment-induced Th17 cell differentiation via the reduction of RORγt/IL-17A/IL-17F/IL-23a/IL-12rb1 ▶     Yuan Wang, Feiyue Xing, Siqi Ye et al.     Jagged-1 signaling has recently been reported to be involved in the Th17 cell differentiation. However, little is known about its mechanisms. Soluble Jagged-1 was used to …             Extended Loop Region of Hcp1 is Critical for the Assembly and Function of Type VI Secretion System in Burkholderia pseudomallei ▶     Yan Ting Lim, Chacko Jobichen, Jocelyn Wong et al.     The Type VI Secretion System cluster 1 (T6SS1) is essential for the pathogenesis of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease endemic in the …             Cellular imaging using temporally flickering nanoparticles ▶     Tali Ilovitsh, Yossef Danan, Rinat Meir et al.     Utilizing the surface plasmon resonance effect in gold nanoparticles enables their use as contrast agents in a variety of applications for compound cellular imaging. However, …             Whole-genome sequencing reveals that mutations in myosin-5 confer resistance to the fungicide phenamacril in Fusarium graminearum ▶     Zhitian Zheng, Yiping Hou, Yiqiang Cai et al.     To determine the mechanism of resistance to the fungicide phenamacril (JS399-19) in Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight, we sequenced and annotated the …             Ezh2 mediated H3K27me3 activity facilitates somatic transition during human pluripotent reprogramming ▶     Radhika Arasala Rao, Narendra Dhele, Sabna Cheemadan et al.     Factor induced reprogramming of fibroblasts is an orchestrated but inefficient process. At the epigenetic level, it results in drastic chromatin changes to erase the existing …             Influence of reactive species on the modification of biomolecules generated from the soft plasma ▶     Pankaj Attri, Naresh Kumar, Ji Hoon Park et al.     Plasma medicine is an upcoming research area that has attracted the scientists to explore more deeply the utility of plasma. So, apart from the treating biomaterials and tissues …             Homo-β-amino acid containing MBP(85–99) analogs alleviate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ▶     Ravi Kant, Shweta Pasi, Avadhesha Surolia     MBP(85–99), an immuno-dominant epitope of myelin basic protein which binds to the major histocompatibility complex haplotype HLA-DR2 is widely implicated in the pathogenesis of …             In PC3 prostate cancer cells ephrin receptors crosstalk to β1-integrins to strengthen adhesion to collagen type I ▶     Miao Yu, Jinghe Wang, Daniel J. Muller et al.     Eph receptor (Eph) and ephrin signaling can play central roles in prostate cancer and other cancer types. Exposed to ephrin-A1 PC3 prostate cancer cells alter adhesion to …             Altered salience network connectivity predicts macronutrient intake after sleep deprivation ▶     Zhuo Fang, Andrea M. Spaeth, Ning Ma et al.     Although insufficient sleep is a well-recognized risk factor for overeating and weight gain, the neural mechanisms underlying increased caloric (particularly fat) intake after …             Protein evolution analysis of S-hydroxynitrile lyase by complete sequence design utilizing the INTMSAlign software ▶     Shogo Nakano, Yasuhisa Asano     Development of software and methods for design of complete sequences of functional proteins could contribute to studies of protein engineering and protein evolution. To this end, …             miR-19b regulates hTERT mRNA expression through targeting PITX1 mRNA in melanoma cells ▶     Takahito Ohira, Sunamura Naohiro, Yuji Nakayama et al.     Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) plays a crucial role in cancer development. We previously identified paired-like homeodomain1 (PITX1) as an hTERT suppressor gene. …             Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin-(1–7)/Mas axis prevents lipopolysaccharide–induced apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells by inhibiting JNK/NF–κB pathways ▶     Yingchuan Li, Yongmei Cao, Zhen Zeng et al.     ACE2 and Ang–(1–7) have important roles in preventing acute lung injury. However, it is not clear whether upregulation of the ACE2/Ang–(1–7)/Mas axis prevents LPS–induced injury …             Using Bayesian modelling to investigate factors governing antibiotic-induced Candida albicans colonization of the GI tract ▶     Jyoti Shankar, Norma V. Solis, Stephanie Mounaud et al.     Receipt of broad-spectrum antibiotics enhances Candida albicans colonization of the GI tract, a risk factor for haematogenously-disseminated candidiasis. To understand how …             Interaction of Pseudostellaria heterophylla with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. heterophylla mediated by its root exudates in a consecutive monoculture system ▶     Yongpo Zhao, Linkun Wu, Leixia Chu et al.     In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to determine the amount of Fusarium oxysporum, an important replant disease pathogen in Pseudostellaria heterophylla …             Aberrant expression of maternal Plk1 and Dctn3 results in the developmental failure of human in-vivo- and in-vitro-matured oocytes ▶     Yong Fan, Hong-Cui Zhao, Jianqiao Liu et al.     Fertilisation is the first step in embryonic development, and dynamic changes of key genes may potentially improve assisted reproduction techniques efficiency during this …             Mechanisms of Gefitinib-mediated reversal of tamoxifen resistance in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by inducing ERα re-expression ▶     Xia Zhang, Bin Zhang, Jie Liu et al.     Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients may turn ER-negative and develop acquired drug resistance, which compromises the efficacy of endocrine therapy. By …             Identification of flubendazole as potential anti-neuroblastoma compound in a large cell line screen ▶     Martin Michaelis, Bishr Agha, Florian Rothweiler et al.     Flubendazole was shown to exert anti-leukaemia and anti-myeloma activity through inhibition of microtubule function. Here, flubendazole was tested for its effects on the …             Structural Basis of Natural Promoter Recognition by the Retinoid X Nuclear Receptor ▶     Judit Osz, Alastair G. McEwen, Pierre Poussin-Courmontagne et al.     Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) act as homodimers or heterodimerisation partners of class II nuclear receptors. RXR homo- and heterodimers bind direct repeats of the half-site …             Elevated arousal at time of decision-making is not the arbiter of risk avoidance in chickens ▶     A. C. Davies, A. N. Radford, I. C. Pettersson et al.     The somatic marker hypothesis proposes that humans recall previously experienced physiological responses to aid decision-making under uncertainty. However, little is known about …             Crystal structure of UbiX, an aromatic acid decarboxylase from the psychrophilic bacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea that undergoes FMN-induced conformational changes ▶     Hackwon Do, Soo Jin Kim, Chang Woo Lee et al.     The ubiX gene of Colwellia psychrerythraea strain 34H encodes a 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate carboxylase (CpsUbiX, UniProtKB code: Q489U8) that is involved in the third step of …             A 2D-DIGE-based proteomic analysis reveals differences in the platelet releasate composition when comparing thrombin and collagen stimulations ▶     Paula Vélez, Irene Izquierdo, Isaac Rosa et al.     Upon stimulation, platelets release a high number of proteins (the releasate). There are clear indications that these proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of several …             The fate of recent duplicated genes following a fourth-round whole genome duplication in a tetraploid fish, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) ▶     Jiong-Tang Li, Guang-Yuan Hou, Xiang-Fei Kong et al.     Whole genome duplication (WGD) results in extensive genetic redundancy. In plants and yeast, WGD is followed by rapid gene deletions and intense expression differentiation with …             Drug Target Optimization in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Using Innovative Computational Platform ▶     Ryan Chuang, Benjamin A. Hall, David Benque et al.     Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) represents a paradigm for the wider cancer field. Despite the fact that tyrosine kinase inhibitors have established targeted molecular therapy in …             Long-term efficacy and safety of omalizumab in patients with persistent uncontrolled allergic asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis ▶     Tianwen Lai, Shaobin Wang, Zhiwei Xu et al.     Currently, limited information is available to clinicians regarding the long-term efficacy of omalizumab treatment for allergic asthma. In this report, we aimed to (i) …             Dysbiosis gut microbiota associated with inflammation and impaired mucosal immune function in intestine of humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ▶     Weiwei Jiang, Na Wu, Xuemei Wang et al.     Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently been considered to be under the influence of the gut microbiota, which might exert toxic effects on the human host after …             Detection of vancomycin resistances in enterococci within 3 ½ hours ▶     U. -Ch. Schröder, C. Beleites, C. Assmann et al.     Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) constitute a challenging problem in health care institutions worldwide. Novel methods to rapidly identify resistances are highly required …             Interferon γ-induced GTPase promotes invasion of Listeria monocytogenes into trophoblast giant cells ▶     Masato Tachibana, Masanori Hashino, Kenta Watanabe et al.     Listeria monocytogenes is well known for having the ability to cross the placental barrier, leading to fetal infections and abortion. However, the mechanisms leading to …             Systematic Confirmation Study of GWAS-Identified Genetic Variants for Kawasaki Disease in A Chinese Population ▶     Jiao Lou, Rong Zhong, Na Shen et al.     Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with Kawasaki disease (KD). In this study, we replicated the …             Appropriate Fe (II) Addition Significantly Enhances Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) Activity through Improving the Bacterial Growth Rate ▶     Yiwen Liu, Bing-Jie Ni     The application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process is often limited by the slow growth rate of Anammox bacteria. As the essential substrate element that required …                 Nature Collections  Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014  The 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded for the development of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. This collection of news pieces and articles by the Nobel laureates and their collaborators celebrates this achievement.   Produced with support from ZEISS Microscopy          Chemical Sciences ▲ top               Fabrication of Nb2O5 Nanosheets for High-rate Lithium Ion Storage Applications ▶     Meinan Liu, Cheng Yan, Yuegang Zhang     Nb2O5 nanosheets are successfully synthesized through a facile hydrothermal reaction and followed heating treatment in air. The structural characterization reveals that the …             Increased Efficiency in Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells Through the Use of a 56-π Electron Acceptor – Methano Indene Fullerene ▶     James W. Ryan, Yutaka Matsuo     Organic solar cells (OSCs) offer the possibility of harnessing the sun's ubiquitous energy in a low-cost, environmentally friendly and renewable manner. OSCs based on small …             A solution to the fabrication and tarnishing problems of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) fiber probes ▶     Antti Matikainen, Tarmo Nuutinen, Pasi Vahimaa et al.     Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) fiber probes have enormous potential in optical sensing applications. However, their widespread use has been hindered by two major …             Cu0 Nanoparticles Deposited on Nanoporous Polymers: A Recyclable Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for Ullmann Coupling of Aryl Halides with Amines in Water ▶     John Mondal, Anup Biswas, Shunsuke Chiba et al.     Cu0 nanoparticles were deposited on a nanoporous polymer to develop a novel nanocatalyst (Cu-B) for carrying out Ullmann coupling of aryl halides with amines in water. …             Metabolomic profiling reveals deep chemical divergence between two morphotypes of the zoanthid Parazoanthus axinellae ▶     Nadja Cachet, Grégory Genta-Jouve, Julijana Ivanisevic et al.     Metabolomics has recently proven its usefulness as complementary tool to traditional morphological and genetic analyses for the classification of marine invertebrates. Among the …             A Novel Energy-Efficient Pyrolysis Process: Self-pyrolysis of Oil Shale Triggered by Topochemical Heat in a Horizontal Fixed Bed ▶     You-Hong Sun, Feng-Tian Bai, Xiao-Shu Lü et al.     This paper proposes a novel energy-efficient oil shale pyrolysis process triggered by a topochemical reaction that can be applied in horizontal oil shale formations. The process …             Porous membrane with high curvature, three-dimensional heat-resistance skeleton: a new and practical separator candidate for high safety lithium ion battery ▶     Junli Shi, Yonggao Xia, Zhizhang Yuan et al.     Separators with high reliability and security are in urgent demand for the advancement of high performance lithium ion batteries. Here, we present a new and practical porous …             Synthesis and Verification of Biobased Terephthalic Acid from Furfural ▶     Yuya Tachibana, Saori Kimura, Ken-ichi Kasuya     Exploiting biomass as an alternative to petrochemicals for the production of commodity plastics is vitally important if we are to become a more sustainable society. Here, we …                 Nature Reviews Microbiology CRISPR Calendar 2015  One of the most exciting recent developments in microbiology has been the discovery and characterization of the CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea. This special Calendar brings together CRISPR related images from a range of Nature Publishing Group journals.   Produced with support from OriGene, Your Gene Company          Physical Sciences ▲ top               A solution to the fabrication and tarnishing problems of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) fiber probes ▶     Antti Matikainen, Tarmo Nuutinen, Pasi Vahimaa et al.     Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) fiber probes have enormous potential in optical sensing applications. However, their widespread use has been hindered by two major …             Building Damage-Resilient Dominating Sets in Complex Networks against Random and Targeted Attacks ▶     F. Molnár Jr., N. Derzsy, B. K. Szymanski et al.     We study the vulnerability of dominating sets against random and targeted node removals in complex networks. While small, cost-efficient dominating sets play a significant role …             Resonant tunneling of fluctuation Cooper pairs ▶     Alexey Galda, A. S. Mel'nikov, V. M. Vinokur     Superconducting fluctuations have proved to be an irreplaceable source of information about microscopic and macroscopic material parameters that could be inferred from the …             The Molecular Photo-Cell: Quantum Transport and Energy Conversion at Strong Non-Equilibrium ▶     Shigeru Ajisaka, Bojan Žunkovič, Yonatan Dubi     The molecular photo-cell is a single molecular donor-acceptor complex attached to electrodes and subject to external illumination. Besides the obvious relevance to molecular …             Self-Assembled Wiggling Nano-Structures and the Principle of Maximum Entropy Production ▶     A. Belkin, A. Hubler, A. Bezryadin     While behavior of equilibrium systems is well understood, evolution of nonequilibrium ones is much less clear. Yet, many researches have suggested that the principle of the …             Optical nano-woodpiles: large-area metallic photonic crystals and metamaterials ▶     Lindsey A. Ibbotson, Angela Demetriadou, Stephen Croxall et al.     Metallic woodpile photonic crystals and metamaterials operating across the visible spectrum are extremely difficult to construct over large areas, because of the intricate …             Electronic excitation induced amorphization in titanate pyrochlores: an ab initio molecular dynamics study ▶     H. Y. Xiao, W. J. Weber, Y. Zhang et al.     The response of titanate pyrochlores (A2Ti2O7, A=Y, Gd and Sm) to electronic excitation is investigated utilizing an ab initio molecular dynamics method. All the titanate …             Fragility and basic process energies in vitrifying systems ▶     Julio Cesar Martinez-Garcia, Sylwester J. Rzoska, Aleksandra Drozd-Rzoska et al.     The concept of ‘fragility’ constitutes a central point of the glass transition science serving as the ‘universal’ metric linking previtreous dynamics of qualitatively distinct …             Real-space anisotropic dielectric response in a multiferroic skyrmion lattice ▶     P. Chu, Y. L. Xie, Y. Zhang et al.     A magnetic skyrmion lattice is a microstructure consisting of hexagonally aligned skyrmions. While a skyrmion as a topologically protected carrier of information promises a …             Structural Color Painting by Rubbing Particle Powder ▶     ChooJin Park, Kunsuk Koh, Unyong Jeong     Structural colors originate from purely physical structures. Scientists have been inspired to mimic the structures found in nature, the realization of these structures still …             Increased Efficiency in Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells Through the Use of a 56-π Electron Acceptor – Methano Indene Fullerene ▶     James W. Ryan, Yutaka Matsuo     Organic solar cells (OSCs) offer the possibility of harnessing the sun's ubiquitous energy in a low-cost, environmentally friendly and renewable manner. OSCs based on small …             Hyperdoping silicon with selenium: solid vs. liquid phase epitaxy ▶     Shengqiang Zhou, Fang Liu, S. Prucnal et al.     Chalcogen-hyperdoped silicon shows potential applications in silicon-based infrared photodetectors and intermediate band solar cells. Due to the low solid solubility limits of …             Fabrication of Nb2O5 Nanosheets for High-rate Lithium Ion Storage Applications ▶     Meinan Liu, Cheng Yan, Yuegang Zhang     Nb2O5 nanosheets are successfully synthesized through a facile hydrothermal reaction and followed heating treatment in air. The structural characterization reveals that the …             Muographic mapping of the subsurface density structures in Miura, Boso and Izu peninsulas, Japan ▶     Hiroyuki K. M. Tanaka     While the benefits of determining the bulk density distribution of a landmass are evident, established experimental techniques reliant on gravity measurements cannot uniquely …             From Dust Devil to Sustainable Swirling Wind Energy ▶     Mingxu Zhang, Xilian Luo, Tianyu Li et al.     Dust devils are common but meteorologically unique phenomena on Earth and on Mars. The phenomenon produces a vertical vortex motion in the atmosphere boundary layer and often …             Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Electrolysis. ▶     Arie Meir, Mohammad Hjouj, Liel Rubinsky et al.     This study explores the hypothesis that Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can image the process of electrolysis by detecting pH fronts. The study has relevance to real time …             Stretching Fibroblasts Remodels Fibronectin and Alters Cancer Cell Migration ▶     Mingfang Ao, Bryson M. Brewer, Lijie Yang et al.     Most investigations of cancer-stroma interactions have focused on biochemical signaling effects, with much less attention being paid to biophysical factors. In this study, we …             Next Generation Device Grade Silicon-Germanium on Insulator ▶     Callum G. Littlejohns, Milos Nedeljkovic, Christopher F. Mallinson et al.     High quality single crystal silicon-germanium-on-insulator has the potential to facilitate the next generation of photonic and electronic devices. Using a rapid melt growth …             Cu0 Nanoparticles Deposited on Nanoporous Polymers: A Recyclable Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for Ullmann Coupling of Aryl Halides with Amines in Water ▶     John Mondal, Anup Biswas, Shunsuke Chiba et al.     Cu0 nanoparticles were deposited on a nanoporous polymer to develop a novel nanocatalyst (Cu-B) for carrying out Ullmann coupling of aryl halides with amines in water. …             Highly sensitive glucose sensors based on enzyme-modified whole-graphene solution-gated transistors ▶     Meng Zhang, Caizhi Liao, Chun Hin Mak et al.     Noninvasive glucose detections are convenient techniques for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, which require high performance glucose sensors. However, conventional …             A Novel Energy-Efficient Pyrolysis Process: Self-pyrolysis of Oil Shale Triggered by Topochemical Heat in a Horizontal Fixed Bed ▶     You-Hong Sun, Feng-Tian Bai, Xiao-Shu Lü et al.     This paper proposes a novel energy-efficient oil shale pyrolysis process triggered by a topochemical reaction that can be applied in horizontal oil shale formations. The process …             The Effect of Diiodooctane on the Charge Carrier Generation in Organic Solar Cells Based on the Copolymer PBDTTT-C ▶     Andreas Zusan, Björn Gieseking, Mario Zerson et al.     Microstructural changes and the understanding of their effect on photocurrent generation are key aspects for improving the efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices. We analyze …             Manipulation of the polarization of Terahertz wave in subwavelength regime ▶     Xiao Xiao, Ho Ming Leung, C. T. Chan et al.     By generalizing the concept of spoof surface Plasmons (Science 305, 847), we analytically demonstrate that subwavelength quarter-wave and half-wave plates can be realized in a …             Ultrafast Multi-Level Logic Gates with Spin-Valley Coupled Polarization Anisotropy in Monolayer MoS2 ▶     Yu-Ting Wang, Chih-Wei Luo, Atsushi Yabushita et al.     The inherent valley-contrasting optical selection rules for interband transitions at the K and K′ valleys in monolayer MoS2 have attracted extensive interest. Carriers in these …             Towards Scalable Binderless Electrodes: Carbon Coated Silicon Nanofiber Paper via Mg Reduction of Electrospun SiO2 Nanofibers ▶     Zachary Favors, Hamed Hosseini Bay, Zafer Mutlu et al.     The need for more energy dense and scalable Li-ion battery electrodes has become increasingly pressing with the ushering in of more powerful portable electronics and electric …             Evidences of grain boundary capacitance effect on the colossal dielectric permittivity in (Nb + In) co-doped TiO2 ceramics ▶     Jinglei Li, Fei Li, Chao Li et al.     The (Nb In) co-doped TiO2 ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid-state sintering (CSSS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) methods. The phases and microstructures were …             Metabolomic profiling reveals deep chemical divergence between two morphotypes of the zoanthid Parazoanthus axinellae ▶     Nadja Cachet, Grégory Genta-Jouve, Julijana Ivanisevic et al.     Metabolomics has recently proven its usefulness as complementary tool to traditional morphological and genetic analyses for the classification of marine invertebrates. Among the …             Coherent phonon optics in a chip with an electrically controlled active device ▶     Caroline L. Poyser, Andrey V. Akimov, Richard P. Campion et al.     Phonon optics concerns operations with high-frequency acoustic waves in solid media in a similar way to how traditional optics operates with the light beams (i.e. photons). …             Hollow screw-like drill in plasma using an intense Laguerre–Gaussian laser ▶     Wenpeng Wang, Baifei Shen, Xiaomei Zhang et al.     With the development of ultra-intense laser technology, MeV ions can be obtained from laser–foil interactions in the laboratory. These energetic ion beams can be applied in fast …             Strong sub-terahertz surface waves generated on a metal wire by high-intensity laser pulses ▶     Shigeki Tokita, Shuji Sakabe, Takeshi Nagashima et al.     Terahertz pulses trapped as surface waves on a wire waveguide can be flexibly transmitted and focused to sub-wavelength dimensions by using, for example, a tapered tip. This is …             Discrete states and carrier-phonon scattering in quantum dot population dynamics ▶     Minh Tan Man, Hong Seok Lee     The influence of the growth conditions of multilayer CdTe/ZnTe quantum dots (QDs) on Si substrate upon their carrier dynamics is studied using intensity integration and …             Local structure order in Pd78Cu6Si16 liquid ▶     G. Q. Yue, Y. Zhang, Y. Sun et al.     The short-range order (SRO) in Pd78Cu6Si16 liquid was studied by high energy x-ray diffraction and ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The calculated pair correlation …             Porous membrane with high curvature, three-dimensional heat-resistance skeleton: a new and practical separator candidate for high safety lithium ion battery ▶     Junli Shi, Yonggao Xia, Zhizhang Yuan et al.     Separators with high reliability and security are in urgent demand for the advancement of high performance lithium ion batteries. Here, we present a new and practical porous …             Ultrasensitive optical absorption in graphene based on bound states in the continuum ▶     Mingda Zhang, Xiangdong Zhang     We have designed a sphere-graphene-slab structure so that the electromagnetic wave can be well confined in the graphene due to the formation of a bound state in a continuum (BIC) …             Nonvolatile electric-field control of magnetization in a Y-type hexaferrite ▶     Shipeng Shen, Yisheng Chai, Young Sun     The magnetoelectric effects in multiferroic materials enable the mutual control of electric polarization by a magnetic field and magnetization by an electric field. Nonvolatile …             Real-space Wigner-Seitz Cells Imaging of Potassium on Graphite via Elastic Atomic Manipulation ▶     Feng Yin, Pekka Koskinen, Sampo Kulju et al.     Atomic manipulation in the scanning tunnelling microscopy, conventionally a tool to build nanostructures one atom at a time, is here employed to enable the atomic-scale imaging …             Core – shell upconversion nanoparticle – semiconductor heterostructures for photodynamic therapy ▶     Qing Qing Dou, Adith Rengaramchandran, Subramanian Tamil Selvan et al.     Core-shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) with diverse chemical compositions have been attracting greater attention in recent years. However, it has been a challenge to develop CSNPs with …             Dimming Titan Revealed by the Cassini Observations ▶     Liming Li     Here we report the temporal variation of Titan's emitted energy with the Cassini/CIRS observations. In the northern hemisphere, the hemispheric-average emitted power decreased …             Synthesis and Verification of Biobased Terephthalic Acid from Furfural ▶     Yuya Tachibana, Saori Kimura, Ken-ichi Kasuya     Exploiting biomass as an alternative to petrochemicals for the production of commodity plastics is vitally important if we are to become a more sustainable society. Here, we …             Origin of near to middle infrared luminescence and energy transfer process of Er3+/Yb3+co-doped fluorotellurite glasses under different excitations ▶     Feifei Huang, Xueqiang Liu, Yaoyao Ma et al.     We report the near to middle infrared luminescence and energy transfer process of Er3/Yb3 co-doped fluorotellurite glasses under 980, 1550 and 800 nm excitations, respectively. Us…             Electrochemically active, crystalline, mesoporous covalent organic frameworks on carbon nanotubes for synergistic lithium-ion battery energy storage ▶     Fei Xu, Shangbin Jin, Hui Zhong et al.     Organic batteries free of toxic metal species could lead to a new generation of consumer energy storage devices that are safe and environmentally benign. However, the …             Focused-Ion-Beam Induced Rayleigh-Plateau Instability for Diversiform Suspended Nanostructure Fabrication ▶     Can Li, Lurui Zhao, Yifei Mao et al.     A novel method for fabricating diversiform suspended nanostructures is reported. The method utilizes focused-ion-beam (FIB) induced material redistribution and Rayleigh-Plateau …             Hierarchical ZnO Nanostructures with Blooming Flowers Driven by Screw Dislocations ▶     Chengzi Huang, Run Shi, Abbas Amini et al.     Hierarchical ZnO nanostructures with a large yield were fabricated by a simple thermal evaporation method. For the first time, novel ZnO flowers were observed blooming at certain …             Multi-frequency complex network from time series for uncovering oil-water flow structure ▶     Zhong-Ke Gao, Yu-Xuan Yang, Peng-Cheng Fang et al.     Uncovering complex oil-water flow structure represents a challenge in diverse scientific disciplines. This challenge stimulates us to develop a new distributed conductance sensor …             Experimental Measurement-Device-Independent Entanglement Detection ▶     Mohamed Nawareg, Sadiq Muhammad, Elias Amselem et al.     Entanglement is one of the most puzzling features of quantum theory and of great importance for the new field of quantum information. The determination whether a given state is …             KCl ultra-thin films with polar and non-polar surfaces grown on Si(111)7 × 7 ▶     Igor Beinik, Clemens Barth, Margrit Hanbücken et al.     The growth of ultra-thin KCl films on the Si(111)7 × 7 reconstructed surface has been investigated as a function of KCl coverage and substrate temperature. The structure and …             Influence of reactive species on the modification of biomolecules generated from the soft plasma ▶     Pankaj Attri, Naresh Kumar, Ji Hoon Park et al.     Plasma medicine is an upcoming research area that has attracted the scientists to explore more deeply the utility of plasma. So, apart from the treating biomaterials and tissues …             Giant local circular dichroism within an asymmetric plasmonic nanoparticle trimer ▶     Hancong Wang, Zhipeng Li, Han Zhang et al.     We investigated the near-field response in silver nanoparticle aggregates to the excitation of circular polarized light. In a right-angle trimer system, the local field intensity …             Storage and retrieval of (3 + 1)-dimensional weak-light bullets and vortices in a coherent atomic gas ▶     Zhiming Chen, Zhengyang Bai, Hui-jun Li et al.     A robust light storage and retrieval (LSR) in high dimensions is highly desirable for light and quantum information processing. However, most schemes on LSR realized up to now …             Nanoscale assembly of lanthanum silica with dense and porous interfacial structures ▶     Benjamin Ballinger, Julius Motuzas, Christopher R. Miller et al.     This work reports on the nanoscale assembly of hybrid lanthanum oxide and silica structures, which form patterns of interfacial dense and porous networks. It was found that …             Spectrally Shaped DP-16QAM Super-Channel Transmission with Multi-Channel Digital Back-Propagation ▶     Robert Maher, Tianhua Xu, Lidia Galdino et al.     The achievable transmission capacity of conventional optical fibre communication systems is limited by nonlinear distortions due to the Kerr effect and the difficulty in …             Possible Electric-Field-Induced Superconducting States in Doped Silicene ▶     Li-Da Zhang, Fan Yang, Yugui Yao     Silicene has been synthesized recently, with experimental evidence showing possible superconductivity in the doped case. The noncoplanar low-buckled structure of this material …             Hydrostatic pressure: A very effective approach to significantly enhance critical current density in granular iron pnictide superconductors ▶     Babar Shabbir, Xiaolin Wang, S. R. Ghorbani et al.     Pressure is well known to significantly raise the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, in both iron pnictides and cuprate based superconductors. Little work has been done, …             Quantum Hooke's Law to Classify Pulse Laser Induced Ultrafast Melting ▶     Hao Hu, Hepeng Ding, Feng Liu     Ultrafast crystal-to-liquid phase transition induced by femtosecond pulse laser excitation is an interesting material's behavior manifesting the complexity of light-matter …             Humans perceive flicker artifacts at 500 Hz ▶     James Davis, Yi-Hsuan Hsieh, Hung-Chi Lee     Humans perceive a stable average intensity image without flicker artifacts when a television or monitor updates at a sufficiently fast rate. This rate, known as the critical …             Detection of vancomycin resistances in enterococci within 3 ½ hours ▶     U. -Ch. Schröder, C. Beleites, C. Assmann et al.     Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) constitute a challenging problem in health care institutions worldwide. Novel methods to rapidly identify resistances are highly required …               Earth & Environmental Sciences ▲ top               Sulphur geodynamic cycle ▶     Takanori Kagoshima, Yuji Sano, Naoto Takahata et al.     Evaluation of volcanic and hydrothermal fluxes to the surface environments is important to elucidate the geochemical cycle of sulphur and the evolution of ocean chemistry. This …             Precise positioning with current multi-constellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou ▶     Xingxing Li, Xiaohong Zhang, Xiaodong Ren et al.     The world of satellite navigation is undergoing dramatic changes with the rapid development of multi-constellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs). At the moment more …             From Dust Devil to Sustainable Swirling Wind Energy ▶     Mingxu Zhang, Xilian Luo, Tianyu Li et al.     Dust devils are common but meteorologically unique phenomena on Earth and on Mars. The phenomenon produces a vertical vortex motion in the atmosphere boundary layer and often …             Muographic mapping of the subsurface density structures in Miura, Boso and Izu peninsulas, Japan ▶     Hiroyuki K. M. Tanaka     While the benefits of determining the bulk density distribution of a landmass are evident, established experimental techniques reliant on gravity measurements cannot uniquely …             Contrasting responses of Central Asian rock glaciers to global warming ▶     Annina Sorg, Andreas Kääb, Andrea Roesch et al.     While the responses of Tien Shan glaciers – and glaciers elsewhere – to climatic changes are becoming increasingly well understood, this is less the case for permafrost in …             Convergence of soil nitrogen isotopes across global climate gradients ▶     Joseph M. Craine, Andrew J. Elmore, Lixin Wang et al.     Quantifying global patterns of terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycling is central to predicting future patterns of primary productivity, carbon sequestration, nutrient fluxes to aquatic …             Interbreeding among deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages in the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) ▶     Christoph von Beeren, Mark Y. Stoeckle, Joyce Xia et al.     DNA barcoding promises to be a useful tool to identify pest species assuming adequate representation of genetic variants in a reference library. Here we examined mitochondrial …             Seismologically determined bedload flux during the typhoon season ▶     Wei-An Chao, Yih-Min Wu, Li Zhao et al.     Continuous seismic records near river channels can be used to quantify the energy induced by river sediment transport. During the 2011 typhoon season, we deployed a seismic array …             Water column productivity and temperature predict coral reef regeneration across the Indo-Pacific ▶     B. Riegl, P. W. Glynn, E. Wieters et al.     Predicted increases in seawater temperatures accelerate coral reef decline due to mortality by heat-driven coral bleaching. Alteration of the natural nutrient environment of reef …             Ionic Polymer-Coated Laccase with High Activity and Enhanced Stability: Application in the Decolourisation of Water Containing AO7 ▶     Xiaolin Zhang, Ming Hua, Lu Lv et al.     Eliminating dyes in environmental water purification remains a formidable challenge. Laccase is a unique, environmentally friendly and efficient biocatalyst that can degrade …             Zero Valent Iron Significantly Enhances Methane Production from Waste Activated Sludge by Improving Biochemical Methane Potential Rather Than Hydrolysis Rate ▶     Yiwen Liu, Qilin Wang, Yaobin Zhang et al.     Anaerobic digestion has been widely applied for waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment. However, methane production from anaerobic digestion of WAS is usually limited by the slow …             Measurement and mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions from a high nitrogen input vegetable system ▶     Shu Kee Lam, Helen Suter, Rohan Davies et al.     The emission and mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) from high nitrogen (N) vegetable systems is not well understood. Nitrification inhibitors are widely used to decrease N2O …             Evidence of micro-continent entrainment during crustal accretion ▶     S. Pilia, N. Rawlinson, R. A. Cayley et al.     Simple models involving the gradual outboard accretion of material along curvilinear subduction zones are often inconsistent with field-based evidence. A recent study using 3-D …             Appropriate Fe (II) Addition Significantly Enhances Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) Activity through Improving the Bacterial Growth Rate ▶     Yiwen Liu, Bing-Jie Ni     The application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process is often limited by the slow growth rate of Anammox bacteria. As the essential substrate element that required …               Health Sciences ▲ top               Alteration in regional tissue oxygenation of preterm infants during placement in the semi-upright seating position ▶     Anna Petrova, Rajeev Mehta     We investigated whether the cerebral (rSO2-C %) and renal (rSO2-R %) tissue oxygenation of preterm infants is altered by repositioning from the supine to semi-upright position …             Survey of commercial Rhodiola products revealed species diversity and potential safety issues ▶     Tianyi Xin, Xiaojin Li, Hui Yao et al.     The adulteration of herbal products is a threat to consumer safety. Here we surveyed the species composition of commercial Rhodiola products using DNA barcoding as a supervisory …             Bioluminescence based biosensors for quantitative detection of enterococcal peptide–pheromone activity reveal inter-strain telesensing in vivo during polymicrobial systemic infection ▶     Sabina Leanti La Rosa, Margrete Solheim, Dzung B. Diep et al.     Enterococcus faecalis is a significant threat in the nosocomial setting due to the emergence of isolates that are multi-antibiotic resistant, refractory to the available …             Fukutin is prerequisite to ameliorate muscular dystrophic phenotype by myofiber-selective LARGE expression ▶     Yoshihisa Ohtsuka, Motoi Kanagawa, Chih-Chieh Yu et al.     α-Dystroglycanopathy (α-DGP) is a group of muscular dystrophy characterized by abnormal glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG), including Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy …             Radial extracorporeal shock wave treatment harms developing chicken embryos ▶     Maren C. Kiessling, Stefan Milz, Hans-Georg Frank et al.     Radial extracorporeal shock wave treatment (rESWT) has became one of the best investigated treatment modalities for cellulite, including the abdomen as a treatment site. Notably, …             A common genetic variation of melanoma inhibitory activity-2 labels a subtype of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with high endoplasmic reticulum stress levels ▶     Bo Kong, Weiwei Wu, Nataliya Valkovska et al.     HNF1 homeobox A (HNF1A)-mediated gene expression constitutes an essential component of the secretory pathway in the exocrine pancreas. Melanoma inhibitory activity 2 (MIA2), a …             Upregulated WDR5 promotes proliferation, self-renewal and chemoresistance in bladder cancer via mediating H3K4 trimethylation ▶     Xu Chen, Weibin Xie, Peng Gu et al.     WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) plays an important role in various biological functions through the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription; however, its role in bladder cancer …             Anatomical networks reveal the musculoskeletal modularity of the human head ▶     Borja Esteve-Altava, Rui Diogo, Christopher Smith et al.     Mosaic evolution is a key mechanism that promotes robustness and evolvability in living beings. For the human head, to have a modular organization would imply that each …             Analysis of Major Genome Loci Underlying Artemisinin Resistance and pfmdr1 Copy Number in pre- and post-ACTs in Western Kenya ▶     Bidii S. Ngalah, Luiser A. Ingasia, Agnes C. Cheruiyot et al.     Genetic analysis of molecular markers is critical in tracking the emergence and/or spread of artemisinin resistant parasites. Clinical isolates collected in western Kenya pre- …             Correlations between long inverted repeat (LIR) features, deletion size and distance from breakpoint in human gross gene deletions ▶     Nevim Aygun     Long inverted repeats (LIRs) have been shown to induce genomic deletions in yeast. In this study, LIRs were investigated within ±10 kb spanning each breakpoint from 109 human …             A preliminary exploration on DNA methylation of transgene across generations in transgenic rats ▶     Qiling Li, Wei Xu, Ye Cui et al.     Epigenetic heritability is an important issue in the field of genetics and also in the development of many human diseases. In this study, we created a transgenic rat model and …             Ranking the impact of human health disorders on gut metabolism: Systemic lupus erythematosus and obesity as study cases ▶     David Rojo, Arancha Hevia, Rafael Bargiela et al.     Multiple factors have been shown to alter intestinal microbial diversity. It remains to be seen, however, how multiple collective pressures impact the activity in the gut …             Targeted Sequencing in Chromosome 17q Linkage Region Identifies Familial Glioma Candidates in the Gliogene Consortium ▶     Ali Jalali, E. Susan Amirian, Matthew N. Bainbridge et al.     Glioma is a rare, but highly fatal, cancer that accounts for the majority of malignant primary brain tumors. Inherited predisposition to glioma has been consistently observed …             Differential expression of microRNAs in preneoplastic gastric mucosa ▶     Alexander Link, Wiebke Schirrmeister, Cosima Langner et al.     Gastric carcinogenesis is a multifactorial H.pylori-triggered dynamic process that goes through a cascade of preneoplastic conditions. The expression of miRNAs in the stomach …             Deficiency of Capicua disrupts bile acid homeostasis ▶     Eunjeong Kim, Sungjun Park, Nahyun Choi et al.     Capicua (CIC) has been implicated in pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and cancer in mammals; however, the in vivo physiological functions of CIC remain largely …             Network analysis suggests a potentially ‘evil’ alliance of opportunistic pathogens inhibited by a cooperative network in human milk bacterial communities ▶     Zhanshan (Sam) Ma, Qiong Guan, Chengxi Ye et al.     The critical importance of human milk to infants and even human civilization has been well established. Yet our understanding of the milk microbiome has been limited to …             Associations of PI3KR1 and mTOR Polymorphisms with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk and Gene-Environment Interactions in Eastern Chinese Populations ▶     Jinhong Zhu, Mengyun Wang, Meiling Zhu et al.     Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may contribute to carcinogenesis. We genotyped five potentially functional PIK3R1 and mTOR SNPs …             Exploration of diarrhoea seasonality and its drivers in China ▶     Zhiwei Xu, Wenbiao Hu, Yewu Zhang et al.     This study investigated the diarrhoea seasonality and its potential drivers as well as potential opportunities for future diarrhoea control and prevention in China. Data on …             Expression of Cystatin SN significantly correlates with recurrence, metastasis, and survival duration in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer patients ▶     Xun Cao, Yong Li, Rong-Zhen Luo et al.     Cystatin SN has been considered to be involved in human cancer, but its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been elucidated. The aim of this study …             Association between cholesterol intake and pancreatic cancer risk: Evidence from a meta-analysis ▶     Hongqiang Chen, Shiyong Qin, Minghai Wang et al.     Quantification of the association between the intake of cholesterol and risk of pancreatic cancer is still conflicting. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the …             The efficacy and safety of rituximab in treating childhood refractory nephrotic syndrome: A meta-analysis ▶     Zhihong Zhao, Guixiang Liao, Yongqiang Li et al.     Rituximab is considered to be a promising drug for treating childhood refractory nephrotic syndrome. However, the efficacy and safety of rituximab in treating childhood …             Detection of vancomycin resistances in enterococci within 3 ½ hours ▶     U. -Ch. Schröder, C. Beleites, C. Assmann et al.     Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) constitute a challenging problem in health care institutions worldwide. Novel methods to rapidly identify resistances are highly required …             Dysbiosis gut microbiota associated with inflammation and impaired mucosal immune function in intestine of humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ▶     Weiwei Jiang, Na Wu, Xuemei Wang et al.     Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently been considered to be under the influence of the gut microbiota, which might exert toxic effects on the human host after …             Interferon γ-induced GTPase promotes invasion of Listeria monocytogenes into trophoblast giant cells ▶     Masato Tachibana, Masanori Hashino, Kenta Watanabe et al.     Listeria monocytogenes is well known for having the ability to cross the placental barrier, leading to fetal infections and abortion. However, the mechanisms leading to …             Long-term efficacy and safety of omalizumab in patients with persistent uncontrolled allergic asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis ▶     Tianwen Lai, Shaobin Wang, Zhiwei Xu et al.     Currently, limited information is available to clinicians regarding the long-term efficacy of omalizumab treatment for allergic asthma. In this report, we aimed to (i) …             Drug Target Optimization in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Using Innovative Computational Platform ▶     Ryan Chuang, Benjamin A. Hall, David Benque et al.     Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) represents a paradigm for the wider cancer field. Despite the fact that tyrosine kinase inhibitors have established targeted molecular therapy in …             Systematic Confirmation Study of GWAS-Identified Genetic Variants for Kawasaki Disease in A Chinese Population ▶     Jiao Lou, Rong Zhong, Na Shen et al.     Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with Kawasaki disease (KD). 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