| Sir Isaac Newton seems to have destroyed all these great and little vortices both that which carries the planets round the sun as well as the other which supposes every planet to turn on its own axis First with regard to the pretended little vortex of the earth it is demonstrated that it must lose its motion by insensible degrees it is demonstrated that if the earth swims in a fluid its density must be equal to that of the earth and in case its density be the same all the bodies we endeavour to move must meet with an insuperable resistance |
| With regard to the great vortices they are still more chimerical and it is impossible to make them agree with Keplers law the truth of which has been demonstrated Sir Isaac shows that the revolution of the fluid in which Jupiter is supposed to be carried is not the same with regard to the revolution of the fluid of the earth as the revolution of Jupiter with respect to that of the earth He proves that as the planets make their revolutions in ellipses and consequently being at a much greater distance one from the other in their Aphelia and a little nearer in their Perihelia the earths velocity for instance ought to be greater when it is nearer Venus and Mars because the fluid that carries it along being then more pressed ought to have a greater motion and yet it is even then that the earths motion is slower He proves that there is no such thing as a celestial matter which goes from west to east since the comets traverse those spaces sometimes from east to west and at other times from north to south In fine the better to resolve if possible every difficulty he proves and even by experiments that it is impossible there should be a plenum and brings back the vacuum which Aristotle and Descartes had banished from the world Having by these and several other arguments destroyed the Cartesian vortices he despaired of ever being able to discover whether there is a secret principle in nature which at the same time is the cause of the motion of all celestial bodies and that of gravity on the earth But being retired in upon account of the Plague to a solitude near Cambridge as he was walking one day in his garden and saw some fruits fall from a tree he fell into a profound meditation on that gravity the cause of which had so long been sought but in vain by all the philosophers whilst the vulgar think there is nothing mysterious in it He said to himself that from what height soever in our hemisphere those bodies might descend their fall would certainly be in the progression discovered by Galileo and the spaces they run through would be as the square of the times Why may not this power which causes heavy bodies to descend and is the same without any sensible diminution at the remotest distance from the centre of the earth or on the summits of the highest mountains why said Sir Isaac may not this power extend as high as the moon And in case its influence reaches so far is it not very probable that this power retains it in its orbit and determines its motion But in case the moon obeys this principle whatever it be may we not conclude very naturally that the rest of the planets are equally subject to it In case this power exists which besides is proved it must increase in an inverse ratio of the squares of the distances All therefore that remains is to examine how far a heavy body which should fall upon the earth from a moderate height would go and how far in the same time a body which should fall from the orbit of the moon would descend To find this nothing is wanted but the measure of the earth and the distance of the moon from it |
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