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| November 2015 Volume 12 Number 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In this issue
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| NEWS AND VIEWS | Top | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Immunotherapy: Anti-PD-1 therapies—a new first-line option in advanced melanoma Ryan J. Sullivan & Keith T. Flaherty Published online: 29 September 2015 p625 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.170 Treatment with pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, improved progression-free survival compared with investigator-choice chemotherapy in a phase II trial in patients with advanced-stage melanoma previously treated with ipilimumab. Two subsequent independent trials have confirmed that anti-PD-1 therapy is a better option than either chemotherapy or ipilimumab in the frontline setting. Full Text | PDF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clinical trials: Early phase clinical trials—are dose expansion cohorts needed? Alexia Iasonos & John O'Quigley Published online: 06 October 2015 p626 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.174 Dose-expansion cohorts (DECs) enable investigators to identify potentially effective drugs, for specific patient populations, in a single trial by assessing antitumour activity as early as possible. We discuss how the objectives, design and interpretation of DEC have evolved, and how DECs are changing the landscape of early drug development. Full Text | PDF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemotherapy: Limited use of the intraperitoneal route for ovarian cancer—why? Maurie Markman Published online: 13 October 2015 p628 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.177 A recent objective study has demonstrated that the use of adjuvant platinum-based intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with small-volume residual advanced-stage ovarian cancer remains limited, despite the publication of several phase III trials demonstrating superior overall survival associated with this approach. Several factors might explain this far less than satisfactory state of affairs. Full Text | PDF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| REVIEWS | Top | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clinical overview of metronomic chemotherapy in breast cancer Elisabetta Munzone & Marco Colleoni Published online: 04 August 2015 p631 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.131 Metronomic chemotherapy has shown promising efficacy and minimal toxicity in patients with advanced-stage breast cancer. Moreover, the low cost of this regimen represents an opportunity for its expanded utilization, especially in developing countries. In this Review, the authors discuss the key clinical advances, including new trial design, appropriate patient and end point selection, and the evolving rationale for metronomic chemotherapy combinations. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Surgical treatment of nonpalpable primary invasive and in situ breast cancer Muneer Ahmed, Isabel T. Rubio, Joost M. Klaase & Michael Douek Published online: 29 September 2015 p645 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.161 Currently, more than a third of all breast cancers are nonpalpable at diagnosis, and this proportion is expected to increase owing to the expansion of effective breast-screening programmes. Surgical excision combined with axillary staging is the standard of care for patients with nonpalpable breast cancers, and requires accurate localization of the primary tumour prior to resection. This Review provides an overview of the various techniques available for the localization and surgical management of nonpalpable breast cancer, their advantages and disadvantages, and future directions for the development of new technologies. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lung cancer—a fractal viewpoint Frances E. Lennon, Gianguido C. Cianci, Nicole A. Cipriani, Thomas A. Hensing, Hannah J. Zhang, Chin-Tu Chen, Septimiu D. Murgu, Everett E. Vokes, Michael W. Vannier & Ravi Salgia Published online: 14 July 2015 p664 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.108 The use of traditional Euclidean geometry can present challenges for analysis of image characteristics, particular those of extremely complex biological structures, obtained by medical and scientific imaging modalities. Fractal geometry is a potentially complementary mathematical approach that enables efficient estimation of geometrical complexity, and the irregularity of shapes and patterns. This Review introduces the concept of fractals and fractal geometry, and describes how analysis of fractal (non-integer) dimension and associated measurements, such as lacunarity (texture), can be performed and applied to the analysis of cancer. The authors discuss how fractal analysis might provide information on many diverse biological structures relevant to the natural history of lung cancer, which might prove useful for the diagnosis and management of this disease. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PERSPECTIVES | Top | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OPINION Does surgery have a role in managing incurable gastric cancer? Sri G. Thrumurthy, M. Asif Chaudry, Ian Chau & William Allum Published online: 11 August 2015 p676 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.132 Stage IV gastric cancer is incurable and has a very poor prognosis. Although palliative chemotherapy remains the standard of care, increasing evidence indicates that palliative surgery can provide a prognostic and symptomatic benefit. This Perspectives summarizes the recent evidence underpinning the medical and surgical management of incurable gastric cancer, and provides evidence-based recommendations on treatment strategies and avenues for future research. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| *Journal Citation Reports, Thomson, 2015. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology was previously published as Nature Clinical Practice Oncology. |
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