Scientific Reports Table of Contents e-alert: 24 November 2015

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24 November 2015      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports             Jump to the content that matters to you ▼ Biological Sciences   ▼ Chemical Sciences   ▼ Physical Sciences   ▼ Earth & Environmental Sciences   ▼ Health Sciences               Biological Sciences ▲ top               Exploring comprehensive within-motif dependence of transcription factor binding in Escherichia coli ▶     Chi Yang, Chuan-Hsiung Chang     Modeling the binding of transcription factors helps to decipher the control logic behind transcriptional regulatory networks. Position weight matrix is commonly used to describe …             The coffee-machine bacteriome: biodiversity and colonisation of the wasted coffee tray leach ▶     Cristina Vilanova, Alba Iglesias, Manuel Porcar     Microbial communities are ubiquitous in both natural and artificial environments. However, microbial diversity is usually reduced under strong selection pressures, such as those …             Lipidomic Profiling of Liver Tissue from Obesity-Prone and Obesity-Resistant Mice Fed a High Fat Diet ▶     Miso Nam, Myung-Sook Choi, Sunhee Jung et al.     Obesity is a multifactorial health problem resulting from genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. A particularly interesting aspect of obesity is the differences observed …             A high-density immunoblotting methodology for quantification of total protein levels and phosphorylation modifications ▶     F. Mazet, J. L. Dunster, C. I. Jones et al.     The components of many signaling pathways have been identified and there is now a need to conduct quantitative data-rich temporal experiments for systems biology and modeling …             Evidence of discrete yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) populations demands rethink of management for this globally important resource ▶     P. M. Grewe, P. Feutry, P. L. Hill et al.     Tropical tuna fisheries are central to food security and economic development of many regions of the world. Contemporary population assessment and management generally assume …             Mechanistic analysis of a synthetic inhibitor of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasI quorum-sensing signal synthase ▶     O. Lidor, A. Al-Quntar, E. C. Pesci et al.     Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen responsible for many human infections. LasI is an acyl-homoserine lactone synthase that produces a …             Structure of human carbamoyl phosphate synthetase: deciphering the on/off switch of human ureagenesis ▶     Sergio de Cima, Luis M. Polo, Carmen Díez-Fernández et al.     Human carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS1), a 1500-residue multidomain enzyme, catalyzes the first step of ammonia detoxification to urea requiring N-acetyl-L-glutamate (NAG) as …             Space resource utilisation: a novel indicator to quantify species competitive ability for light ▶     Pengfei Zhang, Xiaolong Zhou, Junyong Li et al.     Species richness and productivity are two fundamental aspects of ecosystems. As a result, the relationship between species richness and productivity has been widely studied. A …             Diet composition, not calorie intake, rapidly alters intrinsic excitability of hypothalamic AgRP/NPY neurons in mice ▶     Wei Wei, Kevin Pham, Jesse W. Gammons et al.     Obesity is a chronic condition resulting from a long-term pattern of poor diet and lifestyle. Long-term consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) leads to persistent activation and …             Novel Mode of Defective Neural Tube Closure in the Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mouse Strain ▶     J. Michael Salbaum, Claudia Kruger, Jacalyn MacGowan et al.     Failure to close the neural tube results in birth defects, with severity ranging from spina bifida to lethal anencephaly. Few genetic risk factors for neural tube defects are …             HdeB chaperone activity is coupled to its intrinsic dynamic properties ▶     Jienv Ding, Chengfeng Yang, Xiaogang Niu et al.     Enteric bacteria encounter extreme acidity when passing through hosts’ stomach. Since the bacterial periplasmic space quickly equilibrates with outer environment, an efficient …             A combination approach to treating fungal infections ▶     Sanjib K. Shrestha, Marina Y. Fosso, Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova     Azoles are antifungal drugs used to treat fungal infections such as candidiasis in humans. Their extensive use has led to the emergence of drug resistance, complicating …             Neuron Image Analyzer: Automated and Accurate Extraction of Neuronal Data from Low Quality Images ▶     Kwang-Min Kim, Kilho Son, G. Tayhas R. Palmore     Image analysis software is an essential tool used in neuroscience and neural engineering to evaluate changes in neuronal structure following extracellular stimuli. Both manual …             MLN4924 Synergistically Enhances Cisplatin-induced Cytotoxicity via JNK and Bcl-xL Pathways in Human Urothelial Carcinoma ▶     I-Lin Ho, Kuan-Lin Kuo, Shing-Hwa- Liu et al.     Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the primary treatment for metastatic bladder urothelial carcinoma. However, the response rate is only 40–65%. This study investigated the …             Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell aggregate: an optimal cell therapy for full-layer cutaneous wound vascularization and regeneration ▶     Yulin An, Wei wei, Huan Jing et al.     Cutaneous wounds are among the most common soft tissue injuries. Wounds involving dermis suffer more from outside influence and higher risk of chronic inflammation. Therefore the …             Beta diversity determinants in Badagongshan, a subtropical forest in central China ▶     Xiujuan Qiao, Qianxi Li, Qinghu Jiang et al.     Niche and neutral theories emphasize different processes contributing to the maintenance of species diversity. In this study, we calculated the local contribution to beta …             Enhancing the sensitivity of a micro-diaphragm resonating sensor by effectively positioning the mass on the membrane ▶     Jinsik Kim, Hye Jin Kim, EunAe Cho et al.     The detection of biomarkers in the liquid phase using mechanical sensors is difficult because of noise caused by the liquid. To reduce and verify the side effects of liquid …             Oral iron acutely elevates bacterial growth in human serum ▶     James H. Cross, Richard S. Bradbury, Anthony J. Fulford et al.     Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide and routine supplementation is standard policy for pregnant mothers and children in most low-income countries. …             The activity of protein phosphatase 5 towards native clients is modulated by the middle- and C-terminal domains of Hsp90 ▶     Veronika Haslbeck, Julia M. Eckl, Adrian Drazic et al.     Protein phosphatase 5 is involved in the regulation of kinases and transcription factors. The dephosphorylation activity is modulated by the molecular chaperone Hsp90, which …             MIG-seq: an effective PCR-based method for genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping using the next-generation sequencing platform ▶     Yoshihisa Suyama, Yu Matsuki     Restriction-enzyme (RE)-based next-generation sequencing methods have revolutionized marker-assisted genetic studies; however, the use of REs has limited their widespread …             MicroRNA-155-IFN-γ Feedback Loop in CD4+T Cells of Erosive type Oral Lichen Planus ▶     Jing-Yu Hu, Jing Zhang, Jing-Zhi Ma et al.     Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated immune disorder, and we have indicated a Th1-dominated immune response in OLP. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) could promote Th1 cells …             Elevated Extinction Rates as a Trigger for Diversification Rate Shifts: Early Amniotes as a Case Study ▶     Neil Brocklehurst, Marcello Ruta, Johannes Müller et al.     Tree shape analyses are frequently used to infer the location of shifts in diversification rate within the Tree of Life. Many studies have supported a causal relationship between …             Oncogenic miR-9 is a target of erlotinib in NSCLCs ▶     Xi Chen, Lingjun Zhu, Zhuo Ma et al.     EGFR-targeted cancer therapy is a breakthrough in non-small cell carcinoma. miRNAs have been proved to play important roles in cancer. Currently, for the role of miRNAs in …             The molecular basis of lysine 48 ubiquitin chain synthesis by Ube2K ▶     Adam J. Middleton, Catherine L. Day     The post-translational modification of proteins by ubiquitin is central to the regulation of eukaryotic cells. Substrate-bound ubiquitin chains linked by lysine 11 and 48 target …             Plant phenolics are detoxified by prophenoloxidase in the insect gut ▶     Kai Wu, Jie Zhang, Qiaoli Zhang et al.     Plant phenolics are a group of important secondary metabolites that are toxic to many animals and insects if ingested at high concentrations. Because most insects consume plant …             Intrahaplotypic Variants Differentiate Complex Linkage Disequilibrium within Human MHC Haplotypes ▶     Tze Hau Lam, Matthew Zirui Tay, Bei Wang et al.     Distinct regions of long-range genetic fixation in the human MHC region, known as conserved extended haplotypes (CEHs), possess unique genomic characteristics and are strongly …             High-throughput transcriptome sequencing of the cold seep mussel Bathymodiolus platifrons ▶     Yue Him Wong, Jin Sun, Li Sheng He et al.     Bathymodiolid mussels dominate hydrothermal vents, cold methane/sulfide-hydrocarbon seeps, and other sites of organic enrichment. Here, we aimed to explore the innate immune …             Enteral siRNA delivery technique for therapeutic gene silencing in the liver via the lymphatic route ▶     Masahiro Murakami, Kazutaka Nishina, Chie Watanabe et al.     An efficient targeting delivery technology is needed for functional oligonucleotides to exert their potential effect on the target gene without an adverse effect in vivo. …             Biophysical Regulation of Chromatin Architecture Instills a Mechanical Memory in Mesenchymal Stem Cells ▶     Su-Jin Heo, Stephen D. Thorpe, Tristan P. Driscoll et al.     Mechanical cues direct the lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we identified the operative molecular mechanisms through which dynamic tensile …             Mimosoid legume plastome evolution: IR expansion, tandem repeat expansions, and accelerated rate of evolution in clpP ▶     Diana V. Dugas, David Hernandez, Erik J.M. Koenen et al.     The Leguminosae has emerged as a model for studying angiosperm plastome evolution because of its striking diversity of structural rearrangements and sequence variation. However, …             Multiple Sources of Infection and Potential Endemic Characteristics of the Large Outbreak of Dengue in Guangdong in 2014 ▶     Shu-Qun Shen, Hai-Xia Wei, Yong-Hang Fu et al.     A large outbreak of dengue, with the most documented cases, occurred in Guangdong China in 2014. Epidemiological studies and phylogenetic analysis of the isolated dengue virus …             Evaluation of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Studies in the Seagrass Zostera muelleri Exposed to Light Limitation ▶     M. Schliep, M. Pernice, S. Sinutok et al.     Seagrass meadows are threatened by coastal development and global change. In the face of these pressures, molecular techniques such as reverse transcription quantitative …             Structural insights into YfiR sequestering by YfiB in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 ▶     Shanshan Li, Tingting Li, Yueyang Xu et al.     YfiBNR is a tripartite signalling system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that modulates intracellular c-di-GMP levels in response to signals received in the periplasm. YfiB is an outer …             Epstein-Barr virus from Burkitt Lymphoma biopsies from Africa and South America share novel LMP-1 promoter and gene variations ▶     Haiyan Lei, Tianwei Li, Bingjie Li et al.     Epstein Barr virus (EBV) sequence variation is thought to contribute to Burkitt lymphoma (BL), but lack of data from primary BL tumors hampers efforts to test this hypothesis. We …             Characterizing the transplanar and in-plane water transport properties of fabrics under different sweat rate: Forced Flow Water Transport Tester ▶     K. P. M. Tang, K. H. Chau, C. W. Kan et al.     The water absorption and transport properties of fabrics are critical to wear comfort, especially for sportswear and protective clothing. A new testing apparatus, namely Forced …             RA-XII inhibits tumour growth and metastasis in breast tumour-bearing mice via reducing cell adhesion and invasion and promoting matrix degradation ▶     Hoi-Wing Leung, Si-Meng Zhao, Grace Gar-Lee Yue et al.     Cancer cells acquire invasive ability to degrade and adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) and migrate to adjacent tissues. This ultimately results metastasis. Hence, the present …             Outbreak of coral-eating Crown-of-Thorns creates continuous cloud of larvae over 320 km of the Great Barrier Reef ▶     S. Uthicke, J. Doyle, S. Duggan et al.     Coral reefs are in decline worldwide due to a combination of local and global causes. Over 40% of the recent coral loss on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR) has been …             Biochar as an electron shuttle for reductive dechlorination of pentachlorophenol by Geobacter sulfurreducens ▶     Linpeng Yu, Yong Yuan, Jia Tang et al.     The reductive dechlorination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by Geobacter sulfurreducens in the presence of different biochars was investigated to understand how biochars affect the …             Identification of Bacillus strains by MALDI TOF MS using geometric approach ▶     Konstantin V. Starostin, Evgeny A. Demidov, Alla V. Bryanskaya et al.     Microorganism identification by MALDI TOF mass-spectrometry is based on the comparison of the mass spectrum of the studied organism with those of reference strains. It is a rapid …             Selection of best-performing reference gene products for investigating transcriptional regulation across silvering in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) ▶     Silvia Franzellitti, Alisar Kiwan, Paola Valbonesi et al.     The focus of the present study was to set a methodological approach for evaluating molecular mechanisms underlying silvering transformation in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla…             Self-assembled amyloid fibrils with controllable conformational heterogeneity ▶     Gyudo Lee, Wonseok Lee, Hyungbeen Lee et al.     Amyloid fibrils are a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases and exhibit a conformational diversity that governs their pathological functions. Despite recent findings concerning …             Influence of Humic Acid Complexation with Metal Ions on Extracellular Electron Transfer Activity ▶     Shungui Zhou, Shanshan Chen, Yong Yuan et al.     Humic acids (HAs) can act as electron shuttles and mediate biogeochemical cycles, thereby influencing the transformation of nutrients and environmental pollutants. HAs commonly …             EZH2 is highly expressed in pituitary adenomas and associated with proliferation ▶     David Schult, Annett Hölsken, Sonja Siegel et al.     Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a core epigenetic regulator, playing a crucial role in cell cycle regulation. The protein is known to be associated with proliferation and …             Assessing the impact of removal scenarios on population viability of a threatened, long-lived avian scavenger ▶     Antoni Margalida, Mª Àngels Colomer, Daniel Oro et al.     The removal of eggs or chicks from wild populations to create captive populations, reinforce free-ranging populations or reintroduce species into the wild is a restoration tool …             Identification of novel, therapy-responsive protein biomarkers in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy by aptamer-based serum proteomics ▶     Anna M. L. Coenen-Stass, Graham McClorey, Raquel Manzano et al.     There is currently an urgent need for biomarkers that can be used to monitor the efficacy of experimental therapies for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) in clinical trials. …             CUL4A facilitates hepatocarcinogenesis by promoting cell cycle progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition ▶     Yingfang Pan, Bo Wang, Xiaoyun Yang et al.     CUL4A, a member of the CULLIN family, functions as a scaffold protein for an E3 ubiquitin ligase. It was reported that the CUL4A gene showed amplification in some human primary …             Hepatitis B virus efficiently infects non-adherent hepatoma cells via human sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide ▶     Kaori Okuyama-Dobashi, Hirotake Kasai, Tomohisa Tanaka et al.     Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) has been reported as a functional receptor for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, HBV could not efficiently infect …             Flicker-assisted localization microscopy reveals altered mitochondrial architecture in hypertension ▶     Susan Chalmers, Christopher D. Saunter, John M. Girkin et al.     Mitochondrial morphology is central to normal physiology and disease development. However, in many live cells and tissues, complex mitochondrial structures exist and morphology …             eIF5A1/RhoGDIα pathway: a novel therapeutic target for treatment of spinal cord injury identified by a proteomics approach ▶     Wei Liu, Fei-Fei Shang, Yang Xu et al.     Spinal cord injury (SCI) is frequently accompanied by a degree of spontaneous functional recovery. The underlying mechanisms through which such recovery is generated remain …             P2×7 purinergic signaling in dilated cardiomyopathy induced by auto-immunity against muscarinic M2 receptors: autoantibody levels, heart functionality and cytokine expression ▶     Camila Guerra Martinez, Daniel Zamith-Miranda, Marcia Gracindo da Silva et al.     Autoantibodies against the M2 receptors (M2AChR) have been associated with Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM). In the heart, P2×7 receptors influence electrical conduction, coronary …             Neuropeptides in the cerebral ganglia of the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain: transcriptomic analysis and expression profiles during vitellogenesis ▶     Chenchang Bao, Yanan Yang, Huiyang Huang et al.     Neuropeptides play a critical role in regulating animal reproduction. In vertebrates, GnRH, GnIH and kisspeptin are the key neuropeptide hormones of the reproductive axis, …             Discovery of Novel Plant Interaction Determinants from the Genomes of 163 Root Nodule Bacteria ▶     Rekha Seshadri, Wayne G. Reeve, Julie K. Ardley et al.     Root nodule bacteria (RNB) or “rhizobia” are a type of plant growth promoting bacteria, typified by their ability to fix nitrogen for their plant host, fixing nearly 65% of the …             Hepatitis B virus spliced variants are associated with an impaired response to interferon therapy ▶     Jieliang Chen, Min Wu, Fan Wang et al.     During hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, spliced HBV genomes and splice-generated proteins have been widely described, however, their biological and clinical significance …             Resequencing of the common marmoset genome improves genome assemblies and gene-coding sequence analysis ▶     Kengo Sato, Yoko Kuroki, Wakako Kumita et al.     The first draft of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) genome was published by the Marmoset Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium. The draft was based on whole-genome …             Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Directional Migration of Invasive Breast Cancer Cells through TGF-β ▶     Kathleen M. McAndrews, Daniel J. McGrail, Nithin Ravikumar et al.     Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited to the tumor microenvironment and influence tumor progression; however, how MSCs induce the invasion of cancer cells is not completely …             Mycobacterial infection induces a specific human innate immune response ▶     John D. Blischak, Ludovic Tailleux, Amy Mitrano et al.     The innate immune system provides the first response to infection and is now recognized to be partially pathogen-specific. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is able to subvert the …             The structural neural substrate of subjective happiness ▶     Wataru Sato, Takanori Kochiyama, Shota Uono et al.     Happiness is a subjective experience that is an ultimate goal for humans. Psychological studies have shown that subjective happiness can be measured reliably and consists of …             Establishment and Characterization of Human Germline Stem Cell Line with Unlimited Proliferation Potentials and no Tumor Formation ▶     Jingmei Hou, Minghui Niu, Linhong Liu et al.     Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have significant applications in both reproductive and regenerative medicine. However, primary human SSCs are very rare, and a human SSC line has …             Adipose-derived Stem Cell Conditioned Media Extends Survival time of a mouse model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ▶     Christine V. Fontanilla, Huiying Gu, Qingpeng Liu et al.     Adipose stromal cells (ASC) secrete various trophic factors that assist in the protection of neurons in a variety of neuronal death models. In this study, we tested the effects …             Transcriptional analysis of micronutrient zinc-associated response for enhanced carbohydrate utilization and earlier solventogenesis in Clostridium acetobutylicum ▶     You-Duo Wu, Chuang Xue, Li-Jie Chen et al.     The micronutrient zinc plays vital roles in ABE fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum. In order to elucidate the zinc-associated response for enhanced glucose utilization …             Plasma proteomic analysis of active and torpid greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) ▶     Alexander M. Hecht, Beate C. Braun, Eberhard Krause et al.     Hibernation is a physiological adaptation to overcome extreme environmental conditions. It is characterized by prolonged periods of torpor interrupted by temporary arousals …             Substrate-based inhibitors exhibiting excellent protective and therapeutic effects against Botulinum Neurotoxin A intoxication ▶     Jiubiao Guo, Jinglin Wang, Shan Gao et al.     Potent inhibitors to reverse Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) activity in neuronal cells are currently not available. A better understanding of the substrate recognition mechanism …             Position-specific automated processing of V3 env ultra-deep pyrosequencing data for predicting HIV-1 tropism ▶     Nicolas Jeanne, Adrien Saliou, Romain Carcenac et al.     HIV-1 coreceptor usage must be accurately determined before starting CCR5 antagonist-based treatment as the presence of undetected minor CXCR4-using variants can cause subsequent …             Spatially-resolved intracellular sensing of hydrogen peroxide in living cells ▶     Emilie A. K. Warren, Tatiana S. Netterfield, Saheli Sarkar et al.     Understanding intracellular redox chemistry requires new tools for the site-specific visualization of intracellular oxidation. We have developed a spatially-resolved …             White matter structures associated with loneliness in young adults ▶     Seishu Nakagawa, Hikaru Takeuchi, Yasuyuki Taki et al.     Lonely individuals may exhibit dysfunction, particularly with respect to social empathy and self-efficacy. White matter (WM) structures related to loneliness have not yet been …             Proteomic analysis of tylosin-resistant Mycoplasma gallisepticum reveals enzymatic activities associated with resistance ▶     Xi Xia, Congming Wu, Yaowen Cui et al.     Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a significant pathogenic bacterium that infects poultry, causing chronic respiratory disease and sinusitis in chickens and turkeys, respectively. M. …             Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces long-lasting changes in protein expression and histone acetylation ▶     Adeline Etiévant, Stella Manta, Camille Latapy et al.     The use of non-invasive brain stimulation like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an increasingly popular set of methods with promising results for the …             The role of cognitive effort in subjective reward devaluation and risky decision-making ▶     Matthew A J Apps, Laura L Grima, Sanjay Manohar et al.     Motivation is underpinned by cost-benefit valuations where costs—such as physical effort or outcome risk—are subjectively weighed against available rewards. However, in many …             The human decapping scavenger enzyme DcpS modulates microRNA turnover ▶     Oussama Meziane, Sandra Piquet, Gabriel D. Bossé et al.     The decapping scavenger enzyme DcpS is known for its role in hydrolyzing the cap structure following mRNA degradation. Recently, we discovered a new function in miRNA degradation …             Multidrug resistance protein 1 reduces the aggregation of mutant huntingtin in neuronal cells derived from the Huntington’s disease R6/2 model ▶     Wooseok Im, Jae-Jun Ban, Jin-Young Chung et al.     Mutant huntingtin (mHtt) aggregation in the nucleus is the most readily apparent phenotype and cause of neuronal death in Huntington’s disease (HD). Inhibiting mHtt aggregation …             Antitumor potential of a synthetic interferon-alpha/PLGF-2 positive charge peptide hybrid molecule in pancreatic cancer cells ▶     Hongmei Yin, Naifei Chen, Rui Guo et al.     Pancreatic cancer is the most aggressive malignant disease, ranking as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death among men and women in the United States. Interferon alpha …             Nopaline-type Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium encodes a VirF-like functional F-box protein ▶     Benoît Lacroix, Vitaly Citovsky     During Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of plants, several bacterial virulence (Vir) proteins are translocated into the host cell to facilitate infection. One of the …             Design and Synthesis of Near-infrared Fluorescent Probes for Imaging of Biological Nitroxyl ▶     Yi Tan, Ruochuan Liu, Huatang Zhang et al.     Nitroxyl (HNO), the reduced and protonated form of nitric oxide (NO), has recently been identified as an interesting and important signaling molecule in biological systems. …             Efficient long-term survival of cell grafts after myocardial infarction with thick viable cardiac tissue entirely from pluripotent stem cells ▶     Takehiko Matsuo, Hidetoshi Masumoto, Shuhei Tajima et al.     Poor engraftment of cells after transplantation to the heart is a common and unresolved problem in the cardiac cell therapies. We previously generated cardiovascular cell sheets …             An anthrax toxin variant with an improved activity in tumor targeting ▶     Alexander N. Wein, Diane E. Peters, Zaheer Valivullah et al.     Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) is an A-B type toxin secreted by Bacillus anthracis, consisting of the cellular binding moiety, protective antigen (PA), and the catalytic moiety, …             Folding of newly translated membrane protein CCR5 is assisted by the chaperonin GroEL-GroES ▶     Haixia Chi, Xiaoqiang Wang, Jiqiang Li et al.     The in vitro folding of newly translated human CC chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), which belongs to the physiologically important family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), …             A Wireless Intracranial Brain Deformation Sensing System for Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury ▶     S. Song, N. S. Race, A. Kim et al.     Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) has been linked to a multitude of delayed-onset neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, but complete understanding of their …             Changes in poly(A) tail length dynamics from the loss of the circadian deadenylase Nocturnin ▶     Shihoko Kojima, Kerry L. Gendreau, Elaine L. Sher-Chen et al.     mRNA poly(A) tails are important for mRNA stability and translation, and enzymes that regulate the poly(A) tail length significantly impact protein profiles. There are eleven …             Sperm Associated Antigen 6 (SPAG6) Regulates Fibroblast Cell Growth, Morphology, Migration and Ciliogenesis ▶     Wei Li, Abir Mukherjee, Jinhua Wu et al.     Mammalian Spag6 is the orthologue of Chlamydomonas PF16, which encodes a protein localized in the axoneme central apparatus, and regulates flagella/cilia motility. Most Spag6…             Predictive assessment in pharmacogenetics of XRCC1 gene on clinical outcomes of advanced lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy ▶     Zhengrong Yuan, Jiao Li, Ruiqi Hu et al.     Published data have shown inconsistent results about the pharmacogenetics of XRCC1 gene on clinical outcomes of advanced lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based …             Shape-Dependent Skin Penetration of Silver Nanoparticles: Does It Really Matter? ▶     Yu Kyung Tak, Sukdeb Pal, Pravin K. Naoghare et al.     Advancements in nano-structured materials have facilitated several applications of nanoparticles (NPs). Skin penetration of NPs is a crucial factor for designing suitable topical …             Evolution of opercle shape in cichlid fishes from Lake Tanganyika - adaptive trait interactions in extant and extinct species flocks ▶     Laura A. B. Wilson, Marco Colombo, Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra et al.     Phenotype-environment correlations and the evolution of trait interactions in adaptive radiations have been widely studied to gain insight into the dynamics underpinning rapid …             Chelator-Free Labeling of Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles for in Vivo PET Imaging ▶     Sixiang Shi, Brianne C. Fliss, Zi Gu et al.     Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanomaterial has emerged as a novel delivery agent for biomedical applications due to its unique structure and properties. However, in vivo …             Non-cultured dermal-derived mesenchymal cells attenuate sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture in mice ▶     Yu Wang, Li Tan, Jie Jin et al.     Sepsis remains a threat to critically ill patients and carries a high morbidity and mortality. Cell–based therapies have risen in prominence in recent years. Dermal-derived …             CMV promoter mutants with a reduced propensity to productivity loss in CHO cells ▶     Benjamin Moritz, Peter B. Becker, Ulrich Göpfert     The major immediate-early promoter and enhancer of the human cytomegalovirus (hCMV-MIE) is one of the most potent DNA elements driving recombinant gene expression in mammalian …             Intestinal organoids for assessing nutrient transport, sensing and incretin secretion ▶     Tamara Zietek, Eva Rath, Dirk Haller et al.     Intestinal nutrient transport and sensing are of emerging interest in research on obesity and diabetes and as drug targets. Appropriate in vitro models are lacking that allow …             Topological robustness analysis of protein interaction networks reveals key targets for overcoming chemotherapy resistance in glioma ▶     Hátylas Azevedo, Carlos Alberto Moreira-Filho     Biological networks display high robustness against random failures but are vulnerable to targeted attacks on central nodes. Thus, network topology analysis represents a powerful …             CpG island erosion, polycomb occupancy and sequence motif enrichment at bivalent promoters in mammalian embryonic stem cells ▶     Anna Mantsoki, Guillaume Devailly, Anagha Joshi     In embryonic stem (ES) cells, developmental regulators have a characteristic bivalent chromatin signature marked by simultaneous presence of both activation (H3K4me3) and …             Tap dancing birds: the multimodal mutual courtship display of males and females in a socially monogamous songbird ▶     Nao Ota, Manfred Gahr, Masayo Soma     According to classical sexual selection theory, complex multimodal courtship displays have evolved in males through female choice. While it is well-known that socially monogamous …             Cellular miR-130b inhibits replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro and in vivo ▶     Liwei Li, Fei Gao, Yifeng Jiang et al.     MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can impact viral infections by binding to sequences with partial complementarity on viral RNA transcripts, usually resulting in the repression of virus …             Collective effects of common SNPs in foraging decisions in Caenorhabditis elegans and an integrative method of identification of candidate genes ▶     Zuobin Zhu, Qing Lu, Junjing Wang et al.     Optimal foraging decision is a quantitative flexible behavior, which describes the time at which animals choose to abandon a depleting food supply. The total minor allele content …             Prenatal exposure to recreational drugs affects global motion perception in preschool children ▶     Arijit Chakraborty, Nicola S. Anstice, Robert J. Jacobs et al.     Prenatal exposure to recreational drugs impairs motor and cognitive development; however it is currently unknown whether visual brain areas are affected. To address this …             Role of P38 MAPK on MMP Activity in Photothrombotic Stroke Mice as Measured using an Ultrafast MMP Activatable Probe ▶     Di Chang, Yuan-Cheng Wang, Ying-Ying Bai et al.     Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) exert a dual effect in ischemic stroke and thus represent an ideal target for detection and therapy. However, to date, all clinical trials of MMP …             Corrigendum: De novo Assembly and Characterization of the Testis Transcriptome and Development of EST-SSR Markers in the Cockroach Periplaneta americana ▶     Wan Chen, Yu-Xiang Liu, Guo-Fang Jiang                 Linker histone H1.2 establishes chromatin compaction and gene silencing through recognition of H3K27me3 ▶     Jin-Man Kim, Kyunghwan Kim, Vasu Punj et al.     Linker histone H1 is a protein component of chromatin and has been linked to higher-order chromatin compaction and global gene silencing. However, a growing body of evidence …             Combined Mapping of Multiple clUsteriNg ALgorithms (COMMUNAL): A Robust Method for Selection of Cluster Number, K ▶     Timothy E. Sweeney, Albert C. Chen, Olivier Gevaert     In order to discover new subsets (clusters) of a data set, researchers often use algorithms that perform unsupervised clustering, namely, the algorithmic separation of a dataset …             Undernourishment in utero Primes Hepatic Steatosis in Adult Mice Offspring on an Obesogenic Diet; Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ▶     Keiko Muramatsu-Kato, Hiroaki Itoh, Yukiko Kohmura-Kobayashi et al.     In order to investigate the possible involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the developmental origins of hepatic steatosis associated with undernourishment in utero, …             Responses of the Hybrid between Sphagneticola trilobata and Sphagneticola calendulacea to Low Temperature and Weak Light Characteristic in South China ▶     Zhongyu Sun, Yanqiao Chen, Valentin Schaefer et al.     Hybridization between exotic and native species is of great interest to evolutionary biologists and ecologists because it usually shows a quick evolution of species and …             New HDAC6-mediated deacetylation sites of tubulin in the mouse brain identified by quantitative mass spectrometry ▶     Ningning Liu, Yun Xiong, Shanshan Li et al.     The post-translational modifications (PTMs) occurring on microtubules have been implicated in the regulation of microtubule properties and functions. Acetylated K40 of α-tubulin, …             Ligand-driven conformational changes of MurD visualized by paramagnetic NMR ▶     Tomohide Saio, Kenji Ogura, Hiroyuki Kumeta et al.     Proteins, especially multi-domain proteins, often undergo drastic conformational changes upon binding to ligands or by post-translational modifications, which is a key step to …             Single-molecule FRET studies on alpha-synuclein oligomerization of Parkinson’s disease genetically related mutants ▶     Laura Tosatto, Mathew H. Horrocks, Alexander J. Dear et al.     Oligomers of alpha-synuclein are toxic to cells and have been proposed to play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. As certain missense mutations in the …             The accumulation mechanism of the hypoxia imaging probe “FMISO” by imaging mass spectrometry: possible involvement of low-molecular metabolites ▶     Yukiko Masaki, Yoichi Shimizu, Takeshi Yoshioka et al.     18F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) has been widely used as a hypoxia imaging probe for diagnostic positron emission tomography (PET). FMISO is believed to accumulate in hypoxic cells …             Application of density gradient for the isolation of the fecal microbial stool component and the potential use thereof ▶     Arancha Hevia, Susana Delgado, Abelardo Margolles et al.     The idea of considering the gut microbiota as a virtual human organ has led to the concept of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which has recently been extremely successful …             Functional role of pyruvate kinase from Lactobacillus bulgaricus in acid tolerance and identification of its transcription factor by bacterial one-hybrid ▶     Zhengyuan Zhai, Haoran An, Guohong Wang et al.     Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus develops acid tolerance response when subjected to acid stress conditions, such as the induction of enzymes associated with …             Anti-inflammatory activity of low molecular weight polysialic acid on human macrophages ▶     Anahita Shahraz, Jens Kopatz, Rene Mathy et al.     Oligosialic and polysialic acid (oligoSia and polySia) of the glycocalyx of neural and immune cells are linear chains, in which the sialic acid monomers are α2.8-glycosidically …             Reference gene selection for normalization of RT-qPCR gene expression data from Actinidia deliciosa leaves infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae ▶     Milena Petriccione, Francesco Mastrobuoni, Luigi Zampella et al.     Normalization of data, by choosing the appropriate reference genes (RGs), is fundamental for obtaining reliable results in reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In …             Mutant cohesin affects RNA polymerase II regulation in Cornelia de Lange syndrome ▶     Linda Mannini, Fabien C. Lamaze, Francesco Cucco et al.     In addition to its role in sister chromatid cohesion, genome stability and integrity, the cohesin complex is involved in gene transcription. Mutations in core cohesin subunits …             Cep55 regulates spindle organization and cell cycle progression in meiotic oocyte ▶     Zhao-Yang Xu, Xue-Shan Ma, Shu-Tao Qi et al.     Cep55 is a relatively novel member of the centrosomal protein family. Here, we show that Cep55 is expressed in mouse oocytes from the germinal vesicle (GV) to metaphase II (MII) …             Dendritic cells and macrophages neurally hard-wired in the lymph node ▶     Clemens Wülfing, Hauke S. Günther     The neural hard-wired pathways in which the lymphoid organs are innervated by the nervous system is of special interest with respect to suggested afferent and sensory systems …             Intravenous multipotent adult progenitor cell treatment decreases inflammation leading to functional recovery following spinal cord injury ▶     Marc A. DePaul, Marc Palmer, Bradley T. Lang et al.     Following spinal cord injury (SCI), immune-mediated secondary processes exacerbate the extent of permanent neurological deficits. We investigated the capacity of adult bone …             Influence of age on rat bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells potential ▶     J. Fafián-Labora, P. Fernández-Pernas, I. Fuentes et al.     Mesenchymal stem cells promising role in cell-based therapies and tissue engineering appears to be limited due to a decline of their regenerative potential with increasing donor …             Gγ recruitment systems specifically select PPI and affinity-enhanced candidate proteins that interact with membrane protein targets ▶     Misato Kaishima, Jun Ishii, Nobuo Fukuda et al.     Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are crucial for the vast majority of biological processes. We previously constructed a Gγ recruitment system to screen PPI candidate proteins …             Proteome analysis of male accessory gland secretions in oriental fruit flies reveals juvenile hormone-binding protein, suggesting impact on female reproduction ▶     Dong Wei, Hui-Min Li, Chuan-Bei Tian et al.     In insects, the accessory gland proteins (Acps) secreted by male accessory glands (MAGs) account for the majority of seminal fluids proteins. Mixed with sperm, they are …             Dual transcriptome sequencing reveals resistance of TLR4 ligand-activated bone marrow-derived macrophages to inflammation mediated by the BET inhibitor JQ1 ▶     Amitabh Das, Jin Choul Chai, Chul-su Yang et al.     Persistent macrophage activation is associated with the expression of various pro-inflammatory genes, cytokines and chemokines, which may initiate or amplify inflammatory …             DNA methylation mediated silencing of microRNA-145 is a potential prognostic marker in patients with lung adenocarcinoma ▶     Wenjie Xia, Qiang Chen, Jie Wang et al.     The molecular mechanism of down-regulated microRNA-145 (miR-145) expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that aberrant hyper-methylation …             Galectin-3 level and the severity of cardiac diastolic dysfunction using cellular and animal models and clinical indices ▶     Cho-Kai Wu, Mao-Yuan Su, Jen-Kuang Lee et al.     Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is characterized by myocardial interstitial fibrosis. A total of 146 patients with HFPEF, were recruited. HFPEF severity …             The Specification and Maturation of Nociceptive Neurons from Human Embryonic Stem Cells ▶     Erin M. Boisvert, Sandra J. Engle, Shawn E. Hallowell et al.     Nociceptive neurons play an essential role in pain sensation by transmitting painful stimuli to the central nervous system. However, investigations of nociceptive neuron biology …             Adipose tissue macrophages induce PPARγ-high FOXP3+ regulatory T cells ▶     Toshiharu Onodera, Atsunori Fukuhara, Myoung Ho Jang et al.     Numerous regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present in adipose tissues compared with other lymphoid or non-lymphoid tissues. Adipose Tregs regulate inflammatory state and insulin …             An Efficient Site-Specific Method for Irreversible Covalent Labeling of Proteins with a Fluorophore ▶     Jiaquan Liu, Jeungphill Hanne, Brooke M. Britton et al.     Fluorophore labeling of proteins while preserving native functions is essential for bulk Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) interaction and single molecule imaging …             Effects of Collective Histone State Dynamics on Epigenetic Landscape and Kinetics of Cell Reprogramming ▶     S. S. Ashwin, Masaki Sasai     Cell reprogramming is a process of transitions from differentiated to pluripotent cell states via transient intermediate states. Within the epigenetic landscape framework, such a …             Slit2N Inhibits Transmission of HIV-1 from Dendritic Cells to T-cells by Modulating Novel Cytoskeletal Elements ▶     Ashutosh Shrivastava, Anil Prasad, Paula M. Kuzontkoski et al.     Dendritic cells are among the first cells to encounter sexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), in the mucosa, and they can transmit HIV-1 to CD4+ T-cells via an …             Selective participation of c-Jun with Fra-2/c-Fos promotes aggressive tumor phenotypes and poor prognosis in tongue cancer ▶     Shilpi Gupta, Prabhat Kumar, Harsimrut Kaur et al.     Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is most aggressive head and neck cancer often associated with HR-HPV infection. The role of AP-1 which is an essential regulator of HPV …             Effect of exercise on fluoride metabolism in adult humans: a pilot study ▶     Fatemeh V. Zohoori, Alison Innerd, Liane B. Azevedo et al.     An understanding of all aspects of fluoride metabolism is critical to identify its biological effects and avoid fluoride toxicity in humans. Fluoride metabolism and subsequently …             Sequential splicing of a group II twintron in the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium ▶     Ulrike Pfreundt, Wolfgang R. Hess     The marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is unusual in its genomic architecture as 40% of the genome is occupied by non-coding DNA. Although the majority of it is transcribed into …             KATZLDA: KATZ measure for the lncRNA-disease association prediction ▶     Xing Chen     Accumulating experimental studies have demonstrated important associations between alterations and dysregulations of lncRNAs and the development and progression of various …             Sialylation of the prion protein glycans controls prion replication rate and glycoform ratio ▶     Elizaveta Katorcha, Natallia Makarava, Regina Savtchenko et al.     Prion or PrPSc is a proteinaceous infectious agent that consists of a misfolded and aggregated form of a sialoglycoprotein called prion protein or PrPC. PrPC has two sialylated …             Co-ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin Promotes the Maturation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells ▶     Massimo Barbierato, Laura Facci, Carla Marinelli et al.     Oligodendrocytes have limited ability to repair the damage to themselves or to other nerve cells, as seen in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis. An important strategy …             Structural insights into HetR−PatS interaction involved in cyanobacterial pattern formation ▶     Hai-Xi Hu, Yong-Liang Jiang, Meng-Xi Zhao et al.     The one-dimensional pattern of heterocyst in the model cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 is coordinated by the transcription factor HetR and PatS peptide. Here we report the …             Binocular summation of chance decisions ▶     Oren Yehezkel, Anna Sterkin, Dov Sagi et al.     Seeing with two eyes usually helps one respond faster. Here we show that with ambiguous stimuli, binocular viewing can paradoxically slow down reaction time. This is explained by …             Dynamic changes in host gene expression associated with H5N8 avian influenza virus infection in mice ▶     Su-Jin Park, Mukesh Kumar, Hyeok-il Kwon et al.     Emerging outbreaks of newly found, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) viruses have been reported globally. Previous studies have indicated that H5N8 pathogenicity …             Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae ▶     Nicolas Gisch, Dominik Schwudke, Simone Thomsen et al.     Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. Both, lipoteichoic …             Structural basis of Sorcin-mediated calcium-dependent signal transduction ▶     Andrea Ilari, Annarita Fiorillo, Elena Poser et al.     Sorcin is an essential penta-EF hand calcium binding protein, able to confer the multi-drug resistance phenotype to drug-sensitive cancer cells and to reduce Endoplasmic …             Can the neural–cortisol association be moderated by experience-induced changes in awareness? ▶     Way K. W. Lau, Mei-Kei Leung, Chetwyn C. H. Chan et al.     Cortisol homeostasis is important for cognitive and affective functions that depend on cortisol-sensitive brain regions including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Recent …             The AP-3 adaptor complex mediates sorting of yeast and mammalian PQ-loop-family basic amino acid transporters to the vacuolar/lysosomal membrane ▶     Elisa Llinares, Abdoulaye Oury Barry, Bruno André     The limiting membrane of lysosomes in animal cells and that of the vacuole in yeast include a wide variety of transporters, but little is known about how these proteins reach …             Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by the Kennedy pathway occurs at different sites in Trypanosoma brucei ▶     Luce Farine, Moritz Niemann, André Schneider et al.     Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) are among the most abundant phospholipids in biological membranes. In many eukaryotes, the CDP-ethanolamine and …             The transcriptional landscape of dorsal root ganglia after sciatic nerve transection ▶     Shiying Li, Chengbin Xue, Ying Yuan et al.     Following peripheral nerve injury, transcriptional responses are orchestrated to regulate the expression of numerous genes in the lesioned nerve, thus activating the intrinsic …             No adaptation of a herbivore to a novel host but loss of adaptation to its native host ▶     Amir H. Grosman, Adrián J. Molina-Rugama, Rondinelli Mendes-Dias et al.     Most herbivorous arthropods are host specialists and the question is which mechanisms drive the evolution of such specialization. The theory of antagonistic pleiotropy suggests …             Molecular basis of canalization in an ascidian species complex adapted to different thermal conditions ▶     Atsuko Sato, Takeshi Kawashima, Manabu Fujie et al.     Canalization is a result of intrinsic developmental buffering that ensures phenotypic robustness under genetic variation and environmental perturbation. As a consequence, animal …             Genetic Associations of Interleukin-related Genes with Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis ▶     Kah Hie Wong, Shi Song Rong, Kelvin K. L. Chong et al.     Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is the commonest extra-thyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD). Associations between interleukin-related (IL) gene polymorphisms and GO have …             Fully automatic GBM segmentation in the TCGA-GBM dataset: Prognosis and correlation with VASARI features ▶     Emmanuel Rios Velazquez, Raphael Meier, William D. Dunn Jr et al.     Reproducible definition and quantification of imaging biomarkers is essential. We evaluated a fully automatic MR-based segmentation method by comparing it to manually defined …             Spontaneous brain activity following fear reminder of fear conditioning by using resting-state functional MRI ▶     Pan Feng, Yong Zheng, Tingyong Feng     Although disrupting reconsolidation may be a promising approach to attenuate or erase the expression of fear memory, it is not clear how the neural state following fear reminder …             Laser controlled singlet oxygen generation in mitochondria to promote mitochondrial DNA replication in vitro ▶     Xin Zhou, Yupei Wang, Jing Si et al.     Reports have shown that a certain level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can promote mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication. However, it is unclear whether it is the mitochondrial …             Molecular cloning and characterization of amh and dax1 genes and their expression during sex inversion in rice-field eel Monopterus albus ▶     Qing Hu, Wei Guo, Yu Gao et al.     The full-length cDNAs of amh and dax1 in the hermaphrodite, rice-field eel (Monopterus albus), were cloned and characterized in this study. Multiple sequence alignment revealed …             Tracing the structural evolution of eukaryotic ATP binding cassette transporter superfamily ▶     Jie Xiong, Jinmei Feng, Dongxia Yuan et al.     The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters superfamily is one of the largest classes of membrane proteins. The core of the ABC transporter protein is composed of transmembrane …             Histone deacetylase 3 inhibition re-establishes synaptic tagging and capture in aging through the activation of nuclear factor kappa B ▶     Mahima Sharma, Mahesh Shivarama Shetty, Thiruma Valavan Arumugam et al.     Aging is associated with impaired plasticity and memory. Altered epigenetic mechanisms are implicated in the impairment of memory with advanced aging. Histone deacetylase 3 …             Differential immunogenicity between HAdV-5 and chimpanzee adenovirus vector ChAdOx1 is independent of fiber and penton RGD loop sequences in mice ▶     Matthew D. J. Dicks, Alexandra J. Spencer, Lynda Coughlan et al.     Replication defective adenoviruses are promising vectors for the delivery of vaccine antigens. However, the potential of a vector to elicit transgene-specific adaptive immune …             Mechanisms of three-dimensional growth of thyroid cells during long-term simulated microgravity ▶     Sascha Kopp, Elisabeth Warnke, Markus Wehland et al.     Three-dimensional multicellular spheroids (MCS) of human cells are important in cancer research. We investigated possible mechanisms of MCS formation of thyroid cells. Both, …             Low-intensity continuous ultrasound triggers effective bisphosphonate anticancer activity in breast cancer ▶     Sophie Tardoski, Jacqueline Ngo, Evelyne Gineyts et al.     Ultrasound (US) is a non-ionizing pressure wave that can produce mechanical and thermal effects. Bisphosphonates have demonstrated clinical utility in bone metastases treatment. …             Upregulation of Ih expressed in IB4-negative Aδ nociceptive DRG neurons contributes to mechanical hypersensitivity associated with cervical radiculopathic pain ▶     Da-Lu Liu, Na Lu, Wen-Juan Han et al.     Cervical radiculopathy represents aberrant mechanical hypersensitivity. Primary sensory neuron’s ability to sense mechanical force forms mechanotransduction. However, whether …             Crosstalk between SDF-1/CXCR4 and SDF-1/CXCR7 in cardiac stem cell migration ▶     Dong Chen, Yanli Xia, Ke Zuo et al.     Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is a chemokine that can be expressed in injured cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction (MI). By combining with its receptor CXCR4, SDF-1 …             ERK2 mediates inner hair cell survival and decreases susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss ▶     Takaomi Kurioka, Takeshi Matsunobu, Yasushi Satoh et al.     Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a member of the family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and coordinately regulates a multitude of cellular processes. …             High yield extraction of pure spinal motor neurons, astrocytes and microglia from single embryo and adult mouse spinal cord ▶     Marie-Josée Beaudet, Qiurui Yang, Sébastien Cadau et al.     Extraction of mouse spinal motor neurons from transgenic mouse embryos recapitulating some aspects of neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has met with …             p53/PUMA expression in human pulmonary fibroblasts mediates cell activation and migration in silicosis ▶     Wei Wang, Haijun Liu, Xiaoniu Dai et al.     Phagocytosis of SiO2 into the lung causes an inflammatory cascade that results in fibroblast proliferation and migration, followed by fibrosis. Clinical evidence has indicated …             Role of the clock gene Bmal1 and the gastric ghrelin-secreting cell in the circadian regulation of the ghrelin-GOAT system ▶     J. Laermans, L. Vancleef, J. Tack et al.     As adequate food intake is crucial to survival, organisms have evolved endogenous circadian clocks to generate optimal temporal patterns of food-related behavior and physiology. …             Structure-based Design Targeted at LOX-1, a Receptor for Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein ▶     Shraddha Thakkar, Xianwei Wang, Magomed Khaidakov et al.     Atherosclerosis related cardiovascular diseases continue to be the primary cause of mortality in developed countries. The elevated level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is …             Diffractive Optical Analysis for Refractive Index Sensing using Transparent Phase Gratings ▶     Nityanand Kumawat, Parama Pal, Manoj Varma     We report the implementation of a micro-patterned, glass-based photonic sensing element that is capable of label-free biosensing. The diffractive optical analyzer is based on the …             Five-aza-2′-deoxycytidine-induced hypomethylation of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase gene is responsible for cell death of myelodysplasia/leukemia cells ▶     Takayuki Tsujioka, Akira Yokoi, Yoshitaro Itano et al.     DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMT inhibitors) are administered for high-risk MDS, but their action mechanisms are not fully understood. Hence, we performed a genome-wide DNA …             Application of artificial neural network to investigate the effects of 5-fluorouracil on ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides in HepG2 cells ▶     Jianru Guo, QianQian Chen, Christopher Wai Kei Lam et al.     Endogenous ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides are essential metabolites that play important roles in a broad range of key cellular functions. Their intracellular levels …             Trends of HIV subtypes and phylogenetic dynamics among young men who have sex with men in China, 2009–2014 ▶     Zheng Li, Lingjie Liao, Yi Feng et al.     To investigate the origins of HIV transmission and phylogenetic dynamics among men who have sex with men (MSM), a total of 1205 newly diagnosed HIV-infected 16–25 year-olds were …             Identification of key amino acid residues responsible for internal and external pH sensitivity of Orai1/STIM1 channels ▶     Hiroto Tsujikawa, Albert S Yu, Jia Xie et al.     Changes of intracellular and extracellular pH are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, in which regulation of the Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ …             Not seeing or feeling is still believing: conscious and non-conscious pain modulation after direct and observational learning ▶     Natalia Egorova, Joel Park, Scott P. Orr et al.     Our experience with the world is shaped not only directly through personal exposure but also indirectly through observing others and learning from their experiences. Using a …             Circulating microbial RNA and health ▶     Ross Ka-Kit Leung, Ying-Kit Wu     Measurement of health indicators in the blood is a commonly performed diagnostic procedure. Two blood studies one involving extended observations on the health of an individual …             Tuftsin-derived T-peptide prevents cellular immunosuppression and improves survival rate in septic mice ▶     Yu-Lei Gao, Yan-Fen Chai, Ning Dong et al.     The primary mechanisms of sepsis induced cellular immunesuppression involve immune dysfunction of T lymphocytes and negative immunoregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). It …             Soft viscoelastic properties of nuclear actin age oocytes due to gravitational creep ▶     Marina Feric, Chase P. Broedersz, Clifford P. Brangwynne     The actin cytoskeleton helps maintain structural organization within living cells. In large X. laevis oocytes, gravity becomes a dominant force and is countered by a nuclear …             Modulation of Macrophage Functional Polarity towards Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype with Plasmid DNA Delivery in CD44 Targeting Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles ▶     Thanh-Huyen Tran, Ruchir Rastogi, Juili Shelke et al.     The purpose of this study was to modulate macrophage polarity from the pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype using plasmid DNA (pDNA) expressing interleukin-4 …             GRPR-targeted Protein Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging of Receptor Expression in Cancers by MRI ▶     Fan Pu, Jingjuan Qiao, Shenghui Xue et al.     Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is differentially expressed on the surfaces of various diseased cells, including prostate and lung cancer. However, monitoring temporal …             Novel, Synergistic Antifungal Combinations that Target Translation Fidelity ▶     Elena Moreno-Martinez, Cindy Vallieres, Sara L. Holland et al.     There is an unmet need for new antifungal or fungicide treatments, as resistance to existing treatments grows. Combination treatments help to combat resistance. Here we develop a …             Spatiotemporal quantification of subcellular ATP levels in a single HeLa cell during changes in morphology ▶     Rika Suzuki, Kohji Hotta, Kotaro Oka     The quantitative relationship between change in cell shape and ATP consumption is an unsolved problem in cell biology. In this study, a simultaneous imaging and image processing …             Structural basis of pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6–4) photoproduct recognition by UV-DDB in the nucleosome ▶     Akihisa Osakabe, Hiroaki Tachiwana, Wataru Kagawa et al.     UV-DDB, an initiation factor for the nucleotide excision repair pathway, recognizes 6–4PP lesions through a base flipping mechanism. As genomic DNA is almost entirely …             Simultaneous measurement of electroencephalography and near-infrared spectroscopy during voluntary motor preparation ▶     Takuro Zama, Sotaro Shimada     We investigated the relationship between electrophysiological activity and haemodynamic response during motor preparation by simultaneous recording of electroencephalography …             Structural insights into the reaction mechanism of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase ▶     Yoshio Kusakabe, Masaaki Ishihara, Tomonobu Umeda et al.     S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAH hydrolase or SAHH) is a highly conserved enzyme that catalyses the reversible hydrolysis of SAH to L-homocysteine (HCY) and adenosine …             Targeted Proteomics Enables Simultaneous Quantification of Folate Receptor Isoforms and Potential Isoform-based Diagnosis in Breast Cancer ▶     Ting Yang, Feifei Xu, Danjun Fang et al.     The distinct roles of protein isoforms in cancer are becoming increasingly evident. FRα and FRβ, two major isoforms of the folate receptor family, generally have different …             Role of KRAS-LCS6 polymorphism in advanced NSCLC patients treated with erlotinib or docetaxel in second line treatment (TAILOR) ▶     Monica Ganzinelli, Eliana Rulli, Elisa Caiola et al.     MicroRNAs were described to target mRNA and regulate the transcription of genes involved in processes de-regulated in tumorigenesis, such as proliferation, differentiation and …             Erratum: Meat, dairy and plant proteins alter bacterial composition of rat gut bacteria ▶     Yingying Zhu, Xisha Lin, Fan Zhao et al.                 A Universal Base in a Specific Role: Tuning up a Thrombin Aptamer with 5-Nitroindole ▶     Vladimir B. Tsvetkov, Anna M. Varizhuk, Galina E. Pozmogova et al.     In this study we describe new modified analogs of the thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) containing 5-nitroindole residues. It has been shown that all modified TBAs form an …             Sample storage conditions significantly influence faecal microbiome profiles ▶     Jocelyn M Choo, Lex EX Leong, Geraint B Rogers     Sequencing-based studies of the human faecal microbiota are increasingly common. Appropriate storage of sample material is essential to avoid the introduction of post-collection …             Controls and constrains of the membrane disrupting action of Aurein 1.2 ▶     Mahdi Shahmiri, Marta Enciso, Adam Mechler     Aurein 1.2 is a 13 residue antimicrobial peptide secreted by the Australian tree frog Litoria Aurea. It is a surface-acting membrane disrupting peptide that permeabilizes …             Sustainable production of valuable compound 3-succinoyl-pyridine by genetically engineering Pseudomonas putida using the tobacco waste ▶     Weiwei Wang, Ping Xu, Hongzhi Tang     Treatment of solid and liquid tobacco wastes with high nicotine content remains a longstanding challenge. Here, we explored an environmentally friendly approach to replace …             Combined use of spatial restraint stress and middle cerebral artery occlusion is a novel model of post-stroke depression in mice ▶     Gaocai Zhang, Li Chen, Lingli Yang et al.     Post stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most common complications of ischemic stroke. At present, the underlying mechanisms are unclear, largely because there are no reliable, …             Gamma oscillations in V1 are correlated with GABAA receptor density: A multi-modal MEG and Flumazenil-PET study ▶     Jan Kujala, Julien Jung, Sandrine Bouvard et al.     High-frequency oscillations in the gamma-band reflect rhythmic synchronization of spike timing in active neural networks. The modulation of gamma oscillations is a widely …             What determines positive, neutral, and negative impacts of Solidago canadensis invasion on native plant species richness? ▶     Li-Jia Dong, Hong-Wei Yu, Wei-Ming He     Whether plant invasions pose a great threat to native plant diversity is still hotly debated due to conflicting findings. More importantly, we know little about the mechanisms of …             Quantitative histology analysis of the ovarian tumour microenvironment ▶     Chunyan Lan, Andreas Heindl, Xin Huang et al.     Concerted efforts in genomic studies examining RNA transcription and DNA methylation patterns have revealed profound insights in prognostic ovarian cancer subtypes. On the other …             Efficient Generation of Mice with Consistent Transgene Expression by FEEST ▶     Lei Gao, Yonghua Jiang, Libing Mu et al.     Transgenic mouse models are widely used in biomedical research; however, current techniques for producing transgenic mice are limited due to the unpredictable nature of transgene …             Directional nanotopographic gradients: a high-throughput screening platform for cell contact guidance ▶     Qihui Zhou, Philipp T. Kühn, Thirsa Huisman et al.     A novel approach was developed using PDMS-substrates with surface-aligned nanotopography gradients, varying unidirectional in amplitude and wavelength, for studying cell behavior …             Superresolution imaging with optical fluctuation using speckle patterns illumination ▶     MinKwan Kim, ChungHyun Park, Christophe Rodriguez et al.     Superresolution fluorescence microscopy possesses an important role for the study of processes in biological cells with subdiffraction resolution. Recently, superresolution …             Producing human ceramide-NS by metabolic engineering using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ▶     Suguru Murakami, Toshi Shimamoto, Hideaki Nagano et al.     Ceramide is one of the most important intercellular components responsible for the barrier and moisture retention functions of the skin. Because of the risks involved with using …             Hardy exotics species in temperate zone: can “warm water” crayfish invaders establish regardless of low temperatures? ▶     Lukáš Veselý, Miloš Buřič, Antonín Kouba     The spreading of new crayfish species poses a serious risk for freshwater ecosystems; because they are omnivores they influence more than one level in the trophic chain and they …             Detection of early blight and late blight diseases on tomato leaves using hyperspectral imaging ▶     Chuanqi Xie, Yongni Shao, Xiaoli Li et al.     This study investigated the potential of using hyperspectral imaging for detecting different diseases on tomato leaves. One hundred and twenty healthy, one hundred and twenty …             Optogenetic stimulation reveals distinct modulatory properties of thalamostriatal vs corticostriatal glutamatergic inputs to fast-spiking interneurons ▶     Giuseppe Sciamanna, Giulia Ponterio, Georgia Mandolesi et al.     Parvalbumin-containing fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) exert a powerful feed-forward GABAergic inhibition on striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), playing a critical role in …             Role of Integrin β4 in Lung Endothelial Cell Inflammatory Responses to Mechanical Stress ▶     Weiguo Chen, Yulia Epshtein, Xiuquin Ni et al.     Simvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has lung vascular-protective effects that are associated with decreased agonist-induced integrin β4 (ITGB4) tyrosine phosphorylation. …             Unobtrusive ambulatory EEG using a smartphone and flexible printed electrodes around the ear ▶     Stefan Debener, Reiner Emkes, Maarten De Vos et al.     This study presents first evidence that reliable EEG data can be recorded with a new cEEGrid electrode array, which consists of ten electrodes printed on flexible sheet and …             Accurate label-free reaction kinetics determination using initial rate heat measurements ▶     Kourosh Honarmand Ebrahimi, Peter-Leon Hagedoorn, Denise Jacobs et al.     Accurate label-free methods or assays to obtain the initial reaction rates have significant importance in fundamental studies of enzymes and in application-oriented high …             Highly-accurate metabolomic detection of early-stage ovarian cancer ▶     David A. Gaul, Roman Mezencev, Tran Q. Long et al.     High performance mass spectrometry was employed to interrogate the serum metabolome of early-stage ovarian cancer (OC) patients and age-matched control women. The resulting …             Association of specific frequency bands of functional MRI signal oscillations with motor symptoms and depression in Parkinson’s disease ▶     Xiaopeng Song, Xiao Hu, Shuqin Zhou et al.     A novel empirical mode decomposition method was adopted to investigate the dissociative or interactive neural impact of depression and motor impairments in Parkinson’s disease …             Graphene oxide and H2 production from bioelectrochemical graphite oxidation ▶     Lu Lu, Cuiping Zeng, Luda Wang et al.     Graphene oxide (GO) is an emerging material for energy and environmental applications, but it has been primarily produced using chemical processes involving high energy …             Long-term maintenance of human induced pluripotent stem cells by automated cell culture system ▶     Shuhei Konagaya, Takeshi Ando, Toshiaki Yamauchi et al.     Pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, are regarded as new sources for cell replacement therapy. These cells can …             Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia disease progression is associated with increased vaginal microbiome diversity ▶     A. Mitra, D. A. MacIntyre, Y. S. Lee et al.     Persistent infection with oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary for cervical carcinogenesis. Although evidence suggests that the vaginal microbiome plays a functional …             Trypanosoma cruzi P21: a potential novel target for chagasic cardiomyopathy therapy ▶     Thaise Lara Teixeira, Fabrício Castro Machado, Aline Alves da Silva et al.     Chagas disease, which is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important cause of cardiomyopathy in Latin America. It is estimated that 10%–30% of all infected …             Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Monitoring the Early Response to ZD6474 from Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Nude Mouse ▶     Yanfen Cui, Caiyuan Zhang, Xiaoming Li et al.     Early therapeutic effects of anti-angiogenic agent ZD6474 upon nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in nude mouse were monitored by using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) …             Climate-driven environmental changes around 8,200 years ago favoured increases in cetacean strandings and Mediterranean hunter-gatherers exploited them ▶     Marcello A. Mannino, Sahra Talamo, Antonio Tagliacozzo et al.     Cetacean mass strandings occur regularly worldwide, yet the compounded effects of natural and anthropogenic factors often complicate our understanding of these phenomena. …             Investigation of Pathogenic Genes in Chinese sporadic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients by Whole Exome Sequencing ▶     Jing Xu, Zhongshan Li, Xianguo Ren et al.     Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiovascular disease with high heterogeneity. Limited knowledge concerning the genetic background of nearly 40% HCM cases indicates there …                 An open access, online-only, multidisciplinary research journal dedicated to publishing the most important scientific advances in the life sciences, physical sciences, and engineering fields that are facilitated by spaceflight and analogue platforms. Explore the benefits of submitting your next research article.         Chemical Sciences ▲ top               Expanding the scope of Metal-Free enantioselective allylic substitutions: Anthrones ▶     Victor Ceban, Jiří Tauchman, Marta Meazza et al.     The highly enantioselective asymmetric allylic alkylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with anthrones is presented. The reaction is simply catalyzed by cinchona alkaloid …             A highly durable fuel cell electrocatalyst based on double-polymer-coated carbon nanotubes ▶     Mohamed R. Berber, Inas H. Hafez, Tsuyohiko Fujigaya et al.     Driven by the demand for the commercialization of fuel cell (FC) technology, we describe the design and fabrication of a highly durable FC electrocatalyst based on …             Room temperature large-scale synthesis of layered frameworks as low-cost 4 V cathode materials for lithium ion batteries ▶     A. Shahul Hameed, M. V. Reddy, M. Nagarathinam et al.     Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered as the best available technology to push forward the production of eco-friendly electric vehicles (EVs) and for the efficient utilization …             Distinctive effect on nerve growth factor-induced PC12 cell neurite outgrowth by two unique neolignan enantiomers from Illicium merrillianum ▶     Xinhui Tian, Rongcai Yue, Huawu Zeng et al.     Merrillianoid (1), a racemic neolignan possessing the characteristic benzo-2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane moiety, was isolated from the branches and leaves of Illicium merrillianum…             Detection of Infertility-related Neutralizing Antibodies with a Cell-free Microfluidic Method ▶     Klaus Eyer, Katharina Root, Pascal E. Verboket et al.     The unwanted emergence of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against an endogenous or a therapeutic protein can result in deficiency diseases or therapy failure. Here, we developed a …             High-Performance Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitor from Large Free-Standing Graphene-PEDOT/PSS Films ▶     Yuqing Liu, Bo Weng, Joselito M. Razal et al.     Although great attention has been paid to wearable electronic devices in recent years, flexible lightweight batteries or supercapacitors with high performance are still not …             Robust Photocatalytic H2O2 Production by Octahedral Cd3(C3N3S3)2 Coordination Polymer under Visible Light ▶     Huaqiang Zhuang, Lifang Yang, Jie Xu et al.     Herein, we reported a octahedral Cd3(C3N3S3)2 coordination polymer as a new noble metal-free photocatalyst for robust photocatalytic H2O2 production from methanol/water solution. …             Size Dependent Plasmonic Effect on BiVO4 Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting ▶     Liwu Zhang, Lars O. Herrmann, Jeremy J. Baumberg     Plasmonic nanostructures show great promise in enhancing the solar water splitting efficiency due to their ability to confine light to extremely small volumes inside …             Direct and Convenient Mass Spectrometry Sampling with Ambient Flame Ionization ▶     Xiao-Pan Liu, Hao-Yang Wang, Jun-Ting Zhang et al.     Recent innovations in ambient ionization technology for the direct analysis of various samples in their native environment facilitate the development and applications of mass …             Stable Lithium Argon compounds under high pressure ▶     Xiaofeng Li, Andreas Hermann, Feng Peng et al.     High pressure can fundamentally alter the bonding patterns of chemical elements. Its effects include stimulating elements thought to be “inactive” to form unexpectedly stable …             Controllable Synthesis of Tetraethylenepentamine Modified Graphene Foam (TEPA-GF) for the Removal of Lead ions ▶     Zhuo Han, Zhihong Tang, Yuhang Sun et al.     3D graphene foam for water purification has become pervasive recently, not only because it has high specific surface area for adsorption capacity, but also it is easily separated …             An Efficient Site-Specific Method for Irreversible Covalent Labeling of Proteins with a Fluorophore ▶     Jiaquan Liu, Jeungphill Hanne, Brooke M. Britton et al.     Fluorophore labeling of proteins while preserving native functions is essential for bulk Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) interaction and single molecule imaging …             Arrays of coupled chemical oscillators ▶     Derek Michael Forrester     Oscillating chemical reactions result from complex periodic changes in the concentration of the reactants. In spatially ordered ensembles of candle flame oscillators the …             Exotic stable cesium polynitrides at high pressure ▶     Feng Peng, Yunxia Han, Hanyu Liu et al.     New polynitrides containing metastable forms of nitrogen are actively investigated as potential high-energy-density materials. Using a structure search method based on the …             On the Stability and Abundance of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ▶     Daniel Hedman, Hamid Reza Barzegar, Arne Rosén et al.     Many nanotechnological applications, using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), are only possible with a uniform product. Thus, direct control over the product during chemical …             Internal-Modified Dithiol DNA–Directed Au Nanoassemblies: Geometrically Controlled Self–Assembly and Quantitative Surface–Enhanced Raman Scattering Properties ▶     Yuan Yan, Hangyong Shan, Min Li et al.     In this work, a hierarchical DNA–directed self–assembly strategy to construct structure–controlled Au nanoassemblies (NAs) has been demonstrated by conjugating Au nanoparticles …             A First Principles study on Boron-doped Graphene decorated by Ni-Ti-Mg atoms for Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Performance ▶     Santhanamoorthi Nachimuthu, Po-Jung Lai, Ermias Girma Leggesse et al.     We proposed a new solid state material for hydrogen storage, which consists of a combination of both transition and alkaline earth metal atoms decorating a boron-doped graphene …             Conversion of biomass-derived sorbitol to glycols over carbon-materials supported Ru-based catalysts ▶     Xingcui Guo, Jing Guan, Bin Li et al.     Ruthenium (Ru) supported on activated carbon (AC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was carried out in the hydrogenolysis of sorbitol to ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,2-propanediol …             Novel morphology changes from 3D ordered macroporous structure to V2O5 nanofiber grassland and its application in electrochromism ▶     Zhongqiu Tong, Haiming Lv, Xiang Zhang et al.     Because vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is the only oxide that shows both anodic and cathodic coloration electrochromism, the reversible lithium ion insertion/extraction processes in V2…             Solid Solutions of Rare Earth Cations in Mesoporous Anatase Beads and Their Performances in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells ▶     Carmen Cavallo, Alberto Salleo, Daniele Gozzi et al.     Solid solutions of the rare earth (RE) cations Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Gd3+, Er3+ and Yb3+ in anatase TiO2 have been synthesized as mesoporous beads in the concentration range 0.1–0.3% …             Enhancing the methanol tolerance of platinum nanoparticles for the cathode reaction of direct methanol fuel cells through a geometric design ▶     Yan Feng, Feng Ye, Hui Liu et al.     Mastery over the structure of nanoparticles might be an effective way to enhance their performance for a given application. Herein we demonstrate the design of cage-bell …             Novel electrochemical redox-active species: one-step synthesis of polyaniline derivative-Au/Pd and its application for multiplexed immunoassay ▶     Liyuan Wang, Feng Feng, Zhanfang Ma     Electrochemical redox-active species play crucial role in electrochemically multiplexed immunoassays. A one-pot method for synthesizing four kinds of new electrochemical …             Visible-Light Actinometry and Intermittent Illumination as Convenient Tools to Study Ru(bpy)3Cl2 Mediated Photoredox Transformations ▶     Spencer P. Pitre, Christopher D. McTiernan, Wyatt Vine et al.     Photoredox catalysis provides many green opportunities for radical-mediated synthetic transformations. However, the determination of the underlying mechanisms has been …             Bioinspired Breathable Architecture for Water Harvesting ▶     Rowan M. von Spreckelsen, Matthew T. Harris, James M. Wigzell et al.     Thuja plicata is a coniferous tree which displays remarkable water channelling properties. In this article, an easily fabricated mesh inspired by the hierarchical macro surface …             Insight into 2α-Chloro-2′(2′,6′)-(Di)Halogenopicropodophyllotoxins Reacting with Carboxylic Acids Mediated by BF3·Et2O ▶     Lingling Fan, Xiaoyan Zhi, Zhiping Che et al.     Stereospecific nucleophilic substitution at the C-4α position of 2α-chloro-2′(2′,6′)-(di)halogenopicropodophyllotoxin derivatives with carboxylic acids mediated by BF3·Et2O was …             Size-Dependent Melting Behavior of Colloidal In, Sn, and Bi Nanocrystals ▶     Minglu Liu, Robert Y. Wang     Colloidal nanocrystals are a technologically important class of nanostructures whose phase change properties have been largely unexplored. Here we report on the melting behavior …             Controls and constrains of the membrane disrupting action of Aurein 1.2 ▶     Mahdi Shahmiri, Marta Enciso, Adam Mechler     Aurein 1.2 is a 13 residue antimicrobial peptide secreted by the Australian tree frog Litoria Aurea. It is a surface-acting membrane disrupting peptide that permeabilizes …             A Universal Base in a Specific Role: Tuning up a Thrombin Aptamer with 5-Nitroindole ▶     Vladimir B. Tsvetkov, Anna M. Varizhuk, Galina E. Pozmogova et al.     In this study we describe new modified analogs of the thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) containing 5-nitroindole residues. It has been shown that all modified TBAs form an …             Biocompatible fluorescent supramolecular nanofibrous hydrogel for long-term cell tracking and tumor imaging applications ▶     Huaimin Wang, Duo Mao, Youzhi Wang et al.     Biocompatible peptide-based supramolecular hydrogel has recently emerged as a new and promising system for biomedical applications. In this work, Rhodamine B is employed as a new …             Enhancing the Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Graphene in Organic Solvents upon Addition of n-Octylbenzene ▶     Sébastien Haar, Mirella El Gemayel, Yuyoung Shin et al.     Due to a unique combination of electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical stiffness, strength and elasticity, graphene became a rising star on the horizon of materials …             Nitrogen oxides under pressure: stability, ionization, polymerization, and superconductivity ▶     Dongxu Li, Artem R. Oganov, Xiao Dong et al.     Nitrogen oxides are textbook class of molecular compounds, with extensive industrial applications. Nitrogen and oxygen are also among the most abundant elements in the universe. …                 Science Masterclass The 2015 meeting between Nobel laureates and young researchers in Lindau, Germany cast a spotlight on super-resolution microscopy, as discussed in depth in this Nature Outlook, as well as fields as diverse as memory formation and the Higgs bosons. Access the Outlook free online. Produced with support from: Mars, Incorporated         Physical Sciences ▲ top               Experiments and Model for Serration Statistics in Low-Entropy, Medium-Entropy, and High-Entropy Alloys ▶     Robert Carroll, Chi Lee, Che-Wei Tsai et al.     High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are new alloys that contain five or more elements in roughly-equal proportion. We present new experiments and theory on the deformation behavior of …             A highly durable fuel cell electrocatalyst based on double-polymer-coated carbon nanotubes ▶     Mohamed R. Berber, Inas H. Hafez, Tsuyohiko Fujigaya et al.     Driven by the demand for the commercialization of fuel cell (FC) technology, we describe the design and fabrication of a highly durable FC electrocatalyst based on …             Tunable zero-field ferromagnetic resonance frequency from S to X band in oblique deposited CoFeB thin films ▶     Chengyi Li, Guozhi Chai, Chengcheng Yang et al.     Tunable zero-field ferromagnetic resonance frequency in wide range is very useful for the application of microwave devices. We performed an investigation of the static and high …             Tuning the Quantum Efficiency of Random Lasers - Intrinsic Stokes-Shift and Gain ▶     Andreas Lubatsch, Regine Frank     We report the theoretical analysis for tuning the quantum efficiency of solid state random lasers. Vollhardt-Wölfle theory of photonic transport in disordered non-conserving and …             Towards a new class of heavy ion doped magnetic semiconductors for room temperature applications ▶     Juwon Lee, Nagarajan Ganapathi Subramaniam, Iwona Agnieszka Kowalik et al.     The article presents, using Bi doped ZnO, an example of a heavy ion doped oxide semiconductor, highlighting a novel p-symmetry interaction of the electronic states to stabilize …             Expanding the scope of Metal-Free enantioselective allylic substitutions: Anthrones ▶     Victor Ceban, Jiří Tauchman, Marta Meazza et al.     The highly enantioselective asymmetric allylic alkylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with anthrones is presented. The reaction is simply catalyzed by cinchona alkaloid …             Noncontact conductivity and dielectric measurement for high throughput roll-to-roll nanomanufacturing ▶     Nathan D. Orloff, Christian J. Long, Jan Obrzut et al.     Advances in roll-to-roll processing of graphene and carbon nanotubes have at last led to the continuous production of high-quality coatings and filaments, ushering in a wave of …             Goodness-of-fit test for meta-analysis ▶     Zhongxue Chen, Guoyi Zhang, Jing Li     Meta-analysis is a very useful tool to combine information from different sources. Fixed effect and random effect models are widely used in meta-analysis. Despite their …             Hydrophilic Magnetochromatic Nanoparticles with Controllable Sizes and Super-high Magnetization for Visualization of Magnetic Field Intensity ▶     Lin Zhuang, Yongxin Zhao, Huixiang Zhong et al.     Hydrophilic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with controllable size and shape have been fabricated using a facile solvothermal approach followed by surface modification with polyacrylic acid …             Room temperature large-scale synthesis of layered frameworks as low-cost 4 V cathode materials for lithium ion batteries ▶     A. Shahul Hameed, M. V. Reddy, M. Nagarathinam et al.     Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered as the best available technology to push forward the production of eco-friendly electric vehicles (EVs) and for the efficient utilization …             Robust Light State by Quantum Phase Transition in Non-Hermitian Optical Materials ▶     Han Zhao, Stefano Longhi, Liang Feng     Robust light transport is the heart of optical information processing, leading to the search for robust light states by topological engineering of material properties. Here, it …             Water Lubrication of Stainless Steel using Reduced Graphene Oxide Coating ▶     Hae-Jin Kim, Dae-Eun Kim     Lubrication of mechanical systems using water instead of conventional oil lubricants is extremely attractive from the view of resource conservation and environmental protection. …             Reduction of phase noise in nanowire spin orbit torque oscillators ▶     Liu Yang, Roman Verba, Vasil Tiberkevich et al.     Spin torque oscillators (STOs) are compact, tunable sources of microwave radiation that serve as a test bed for studies of nonlinear magnetization dynamics at the nanometer …             Silicon nanowire and carbon nanotube hybrid for room temperature multiwavelength light source ▶     Maria Josè Lo Faro, Cristiano D’Andrea, Elena Messina et al.     The realization of an innovative hybrid light source operating at room temperature, obtained by embedding a carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion inside a Si nanowire (NW) array is …             Scaling of decoherence for a system of uncoupled spin qubits ▶     Jun Jing, Xuedong Hu     Significant experimental progresses in recent years have generated continued interest in quantum computation. A practical quantum computer would employ thousands if not millions …             Atomistic Design of Favored Compositions for Synthesizing the Al-Ni-Y Metallic Glasses ▶     Q. Wang, J. H. Li, J. B. Liu et al.     For a ternary alloy system promising for obtaining the so-called bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), the first priority issue is to predict the favored compositions, which could then …             Mesoporous Silica Gel–Based Mixed Matrix Membranes for Improving Mass Transfer in Forward Osmosis: Effect of Pore Size of Filler ▶     Jian-Yuan Lee, Yining Wang, Chuyang Y. Tang et al.     The efficiency of forward osmosis (FO) process is generally limited by the internal concentration polarization (ICP) of solutes inside its porous substrate. In this study, …             Probing the character of ultra-fast dislocations ▶     C. J. Ruestes, E. M. Bringa, R. E. Rudd et al.     Plasticity is often controlled by dislocation motion, which was first measured for low pressure, low strain rate conditions decades ago. However, many applications require …             Ultrathin niobium nanofilms on fiber optical tapers – a new route towards low-loss hybrid plasmonic modes ▶     Torsten Wieduwilt, Alessandro Tuniz, Sven Linzen et al.     Due to the ongoing improvement in nanostructuring technology, ultrathin metallic nanofilms have recently gained substantial attention in plasmonics, e.g. as building blocks of …             Self-assembled amyloid fibrils with controllable conformational heterogeneity ▶     Gyudo Lee, Wonseok Lee, Hyungbeen Lee et al.     Amyloid fibrils are a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases and exhibit a conformational diversity that governs their pathological functions. Despite recent findings concerning …             Enhancing the sensitivity of a micro-diaphragm resonating sensor by effectively positioning the mass on the membrane ▶     Jinsik Kim, Hye Jin Kim, EunAe Cho et al.     The detection of biomarkers in the liquid phase using mechanical sensors is difficult because of noise caused by the liquid. To reduce and verify the side effects of liquid …             Characterizing the transplanar and in-plane water transport properties of fabrics under different sweat rate: Forced Flow Water Transport Tester ▶     K. P. M. Tang, K. H. Chau, C. W. Kan et al.     The water absorption and transport properties of fabrics are critical to wear comfort, especially for sportswear and protective clothing. A new testing apparatus, namely Forced …             Identification of Bacillus strains by MALDI TOF MS using geometric approach ▶     Konstantin V. Starostin, Evgeny A. Demidov, Alla V. Bryanskaya et al.     Microorganism identification by MALDI TOF mass-spectrometry is based on the comparison of the mass spectrum of the studied organism with those of reference strains. It is a rapid …             Direct Depth- and Lateral- Imaging of Nanoscale Magnets Generated by Ion Impact ▶     Falk Röder, Gregor Hlawacek, Sebastian Wintz et al.     Nanomagnets form the building blocks for a variety of spin-transport, spin-wave and data storage devices. In this work we generated nanoscale magnets by exploiting the phenomenon …             Giant optical enhancement of strain gradient in ferroelectric BiFeO3 thin films and its physical origin ▶     Yuelin Li, Carolina Adamo, Pice Chen et al.     Through mapping of the spatiotemporal strain profile in ferroelectric BiFeO3 epitaxial thin films, we report an optically initiated dynamic enhancement of the strain gradient of …             Chelator-Free Labeling of Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles for in Vivo PET Imaging ▶     Sixiang Shi, Brianne C. Fliss, Zi Gu et al.     Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanomaterial has emerged as a novel delivery agent for biomedical applications due to its unique structure and properties. However, in vivo …             High-Performance Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitor from Large Free-Standing Graphene-PEDOT/PSS Films ▶     Yuqing Liu, Bo Weng, Joselito M. Razal et al.     Although great attention has been paid to wearable electronic devices in recent years, flexible lightweight batteries or supercapacitors with high performance are still not …             Atomically Sharp Interface in an h-BN-epitaxial graphene van der Waals Heterostructure ▶     Haikel Sediri, Debora Pierucci, Mahdi Hajlaoui et al.     Stacking various two-dimensional atomic crystals is a feasible approach to creating unique multilayered van der Waals heterostructures with tailored properties. Herein for the …             Uncertain behaviours of integrated circuits improve computational performance ▶     Chihiro Yoshimura, Masanao Yamaoka, Masato Hayashi et al.     Improvements to the performance of conventional computers have mainly been achieved through semiconductor scaling; however, scaling is reaching its limitations. Natural …             Distinctive effect on nerve growth factor-induced PC12 cell neurite outgrowth by two unique neolignan enantiomers from Illicium merrillianum ▶     Xinhui Tian, Rongcai Yue, Huawu Zeng et al.     Merrillianoid (1), a racemic neolignan possessing the characteristic benzo-2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane moiety, was isolated from the branches and leaves of Illicium merrillianum…             Highly Stretchable Electrodes on Wrinkled Polydimethylsiloxane Substrates ▶     Jun Tang, Hao Guo, Miaomiao Zhao et al.     This paper demonstrates a fabrication technology of Ag wrinkled electrodes with application in highly stretchable wireless sensors. Ag wrinkled thin films that were formed by …             A Description for Rock Joint Roughness Based on Terrestrial Laser Scanner and Image Analysis ▶     Yunfeng Ge, Huiming Tang, M. A. M Ez Eldin et al.     Shear behavior of rock mass greatly depends upon the rock joint roughness which is generally characterized by anisotropy, scale effect and interval effect. A new index enabling …             Evolution of the statistical distribution in a topological defect network ▶     Fei Xue, Xueyun Wang, Ion socolenco et al.     The complex networks of numerous topological defects in hexagonal manganites are highly relevant to vastly different phenomena from the birth of our cosmos to superfluidity …             Vertically aligned InGaN nanowires with engineered axial In composition for highly efficient visible light emission ▶     Mohamed Ebaid, Jin-Ho Kang, Yang-Seok Yoo et al.     We report on the fabrication of novel InGaN nanowires (NWs) with improved crystalline quality and high radiative efficiency for applications as nanoscale visible light emitters. …             High-frequency and high-quality silicon carbide optomechanical microresonators ▶     Xiyuan Lu, Jonathan Y. Lee, Qiang Lin     Silicon carbide (SiC) exhibits excellent material properties attractive for broad applications. We demonstrate the first SiC optomechanical microresonators that integrate high …             Self-regulation of charged defect compensation and formation energy pinning in semiconductors ▶     Ji-Hui Yang, Wan-Jian Yin, Ji-Sang Park et al.     Current theoretical analyses of defect properties without solving the detailed balance equations often estimate Fermi-level pinning position by omitting free carriers and assume …             Ultrathin W space layer-enabled thermal stability enhancement in a perpendicular MgO/CoFeB/W/CoFeB/MgO recording frame ▶     Jae-Hong Kim, Ja-Bin Lee, Gwang-Guk An et al.     Perpendicularly magnetized tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) show promise as reliable candidates for next-generation memory due to their outstanding features. However, several key …             Chiral resolution of spin angular momentum in linearly polarized and unpolarized light ▶     R. J. Hernández, A. Mazzulla, C. Provenzano et al.     Linearly polarized (LP) and unpolarized (UP) light are racemic entities since they can be described as superposition of opposite circularly polarized (CP) components of equal …             Deterioration of the coercivity due to the diffusion induced interface layer in hard/soft multilayers ▶     Wenjing Si, G. P. Zhao, N. Ran et al.     Hard/soft permanent magnets have aroused many interests in the past two decades because of their potential in achieving giant energy products as well as their rich variety of …             Long-distance quantum information transfer with strong coupling hybrid solid system ▶     Feng-Yang Zhang, Xin-Yu Chen, Chong Li et al.     In this paper, we demonstrate how information can be transferred among the long-distance memory units in a hybrid solid architecture, which consists the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) …             Stiffness Enhancement in Nacre-Inspired Nanocomposites due to Nanoconfinement ▶     Chen Shao, Sinan Keten     Layered assemblies of polymers and graphene derivatives employ nacre’s tested strategy of intercalating soft organic layers with hard crystalline domains. These layered systems …             Disposable optics for microscopy diagnostics ▶     Pauliina Vilmi, Sami Varjo, Rafal Sliz et al.     The point-of-care testing (POCT) is having increasing role on modern health care systems due to a possibility to perform tests for patients conveniently and immediately. POCT …             Electrochemical gating-induced reversible and drastic resistance switching in VO2 nanowires ▶     Tsubasa Sasaki, Hiroki Ueda, Teruo Kanki et al.     Reversible and drastic modulation of the transport properties in vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanowires by electric field-induced hydrogenation at room temperature was demonstrated …             Direct Measurement of Optical Force Induced by Near-Field Plasmonic Cavity Using Dynamic Mode AFM ▶     Dongshi Guan, Zhi Hong Hang, Zsolt Marcet et al.     Plasmonic nanostructures have attracted much attention in recent years because of their potential applications in optical manipulation through near-field enhancement. Continuing …             Majorana zero modes in the hopping-modulated one-dimensional p-wave superconducting model ▶     Yi Gao, Tao Zhou, Huaixiang Huang et al.     We investigate the one-dimensional p-wave superconducting model with periodically modulated hopping and show that under time-reversal symmetry, the number of the Majorana zero …             Quantum Process Tomography of an Optically-Controlled Kerr Non-linearity ▶     Connor Kupchak, Samuel Rind, Bertus Jordaan et al.     Any optical quantum information processing machine would be comprised of fully-characterized constituent devices for both single state manipulations and tasks involving the …             Synthesis of Extended Atomically Perfect Zigzag Graphene - Boron Nitride Interfaces ▶     Robert Drost, Shawulienu Kezilebieke, Mikko M. Ervasti et al.     The combination of several materials into heterostructures is a powerful method for controlling material properties. The integration of graphene (G) with hexagonal boron nitride …             Quantum secret sharing via local operations and classical communication ▶     Ying-Hui Yang, Fei Gao, Xia Wu et al.     We investigate the distinguishability of orthogonal multipartite entangled states in d-qudit system by restricted local operations and classical communication. According to these …             Control of Separation and Diameter of Ag Nanorods through Self-organized Seeds ▶     Paul R. Elliott, Stephen P. Stagon, Hanchen Huang     This paper proposes a mechanism of controlling the diameter and separation of metallic nanorods from physical vapor deposition through self-organized seeds and experimentally …             First-principles study of the effect of functional groups on polyaniline backbone ▶     X. P. Chen, J. K. Jiang, Q. H. Liang et al.     We present a first-principles density functional theory study focused on how the chemical and electronic properties of polyaniline are adjusted by introducing suitable …             Compact component for integrated quantum optic processing ▶     Partha Pratim Sahu     Quantum interference is indispensable to derive integrated quantum optic technologies (1–2). For further progress in large scale integration of quantum optic circuit, we have …             Detection of Infertility-related Neutralizing Antibodies with a Cell-free Microfluidic Method ▶     Klaus Eyer, Katharina Root, Pascal E. Verboket et al.     The unwanted emergence of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against an endogenous or a therapeutic protein can result in deficiency diseases or therapy failure. Here, we developed a …             Shape-Dependent Skin Penetration of Silver Nanoparticles: Does It Really Matter? ▶     Yu Kyung Tak, Sukdeb Pal, Pravin K. Naoghare et al.     Advancements in nano-structured materials have facilitated several applications of nanoparticles (NPs). Skin penetration of NPs is a crucial factor for designing suitable topical …             Folding of newly translated membrane protein CCR5 is assisted by the chaperonin GroEL-GroES ▶     Haixia Chi, Xiaoqiang Wang, Jiqiang Li et al.     The in vitro folding of newly translated human CC chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), which belongs to the physiologically important family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), …             Nanoliposomal Nitroglycerin Exerts Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effects ▶     Soroush Ardekani, Harry A. Scott, Sharad Gupta et al.     Nitroglycerin (NTG) markedly enhances nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. However, its ability to mimic the anti-inflammatory properties of NO remains unknown. Here, we examined …             U-shaped relationship between current and pitch in helicene molecules ▶     Yan-Dong Guo, Xiao-Hong Yan, Yang Xiao et al.     The helicene is constructed by twisted benzene or other aromatic rings, exhibiting a helical structure. Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the electronic …             Correlation between band gap, dielectric constant, Young’s modulus and melting temperature of GaN nanocrystals and their size and shape dependences ▶     Haiming Lu, Xiangkang Meng     With structural miniaturization down to the nanoscale, the detectable parameters of materials no longer remain constant but become tunable. For GaN nanocrystals example, the band …             Robust Photocatalytic H2O2 Production by Octahedral Cd3(C3N3S3)2 Coordination Polymer under Visible Light ▶     Huaqiang Zhuang, Lifang Yang, Jie Xu et al.     Herein, we reported a octahedral Cd3(C3N3S3)2 coordination polymer as a new noble metal-free photocatalyst for robust photocatalytic H2O2 production from methanol/water solution. …             Size Dependent Plasmonic Effect on BiVO4 Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting ▶     Liwu Zhang, Lars O. Herrmann, Jeremy J. Baumberg     Plasmonic nanostructures show great promise in enhancing the solar water splitting efficiency due to their ability to confine light to extremely small volumes inside …             Graphene Based Waveguide Polarizers: In-Depth Physical Analysis and Relevant Parameters ▶     Rafael E. P. de Oliveira, Christiano J. S. de Matos     Optical polarizing devices exploiting graphene embedded in waveguides have been demonstrated in the literature recently and both the TE- and TM-pass behaviors were reported. The …             Effective Temperature and Universal Conductivity Scaling in Organic Semiconductors ▶     Hassan Abdalla, Kevin van de Ruit, Martijn Kemerink     We investigate the scalability of the temperature- and electric field-dependence of the conductivity of disordered organic semiconductors to ‘universal’ curves by two different …             On the Stability and Abundance of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ▶     Daniel Hedman, Hamid Reza Barzegar, Arne Rosén et al.     Many nanotechnological applications, using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), are only possible with a uniform product. Thus, direct control over the product during chemical …             Arrays of coupled chemical oscillators ▶     Derek Michael Forrester     Oscillating chemical reactions result from complex periodic changes in the concentration of the reactants. In spatially ordered ensembles of candle flame oscillators the …             Structural and electrical properties of catalyst-free Si-doped InAs nanowires formed on Si(111) ▶     Dong Woo Park, Seong Gi Jeon, Cheul-Ro Lee et al.     We report structural and electrical properties of catalyst-free Si-doped InAs nanowires (NWs) formed on Si(111) substrates. The average diameter of Si-doped InAs NWs was almost …             Stable Lithium Argon compounds under high pressure ▶     Xiaofeng Li, Andreas Hermann, Feng Peng et al.     High pressure can fundamentally alter the bonding patterns of chemical elements. Its effects include stimulating elements thought to be “inactive” to form unexpectedly stable …             Ultrabroadband, More than One Order Absorption Enhancement in Graphene with Plasmonic Light Trapping ▶     Feng Xiong, Jianfa Zhang, Zhihong Zhu et al.     This paper presents an comprehensive study of light trapping and absorption enhancement in graphene through metallic plasmonic structures and shows a strategy to realize both …             Controllable Synthesis of Tetraethylenepentamine Modified Graphene Foam (TEPA-GF) for the Removal of Lead ions ▶     Zhuo Han, Zhihong Tang, Yuhang Sun et al.     3D graphene foam for water purification has become pervasive recently, not only because it has high specific surface area for adsorption capacity, but also it is easily separated …             Exotic stable cesium polynitrides at high pressure ▶     Feng Peng, Yunxia Han, Hanyu Liu et al.     New polynitrides containing metastable forms of nitrogen are actively investigated as potential high-energy-density materials. Using a structure search method based on the …             Crystallization pathways of liquid-bcc transition for a model iron by fast quenching ▶     Shao-Peng Pan, Shi-Dong Feng, Jun-Wei Qiao et al.     We report simulations on the local structural evolution in the liquid-bcc transition of a model iron. Fourteen main Voronoi polyhedra are chosen as the representatives of …             Direct and Convenient Mass Spectrometry Sampling with Ambient Flame Ionization ▶     Xiao-Pan Liu, Hao-Yang Wang, Jun-Ting Zhang et al.     Recent innovations in ambient ionization technology for the direct analysis of various samples in their native environment facilitate the development and applications of mass …             Ionic liquids and their bases: Striking differences in the dynamic heterogeneity near the glass transition ▶     K. Grzybowska, A. Grzybowski, Z. Wojnarowska et al.     Ionic liquids (ILs) constitute an active field of research due to their important applications. A challenge for these investigations is to explore properties of ILs near the …             Morphology and Performance of Polymer Solar Cell Characterized by DPD Simulation and Graph Theory ▶     Chunmiao Du, Yujin Ji, Junwei Xue et al.     The morphology of active layers in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells is critical to the performance of organic photovoltaics (OPV). Currently, there is limited …             Origami rules for the construction of localized eigenstates of the Hubbard model in decorated lattices ▶     R. G. Dias, J. D. Gouveia     We present a method of construction of exact localized many-body eigenstates of the Hubbard model in decorated lattices, both for  = 0 and  → ∞. These states are localized in …             Significant contribution of stacking faults to the strain hardening behavior of Cu-15%Al alloy with different grain sizes ▶     Y. Z. Tian, L. J. Zhao, S. Chen et al.     It is commonly accepted that twinning can induce an increase of strain-hardening rate during the tensile process of face-centered cubic (FCC) metals and alloys with low stacking …             Indium-free, highly transparent, flexible Cu2O/Cu/Cu2O mesh electrodes for flexible touch screen panels ▶     Dong-Ju Kim, Hyo-Joong Kim, Ki-Won Seo et al.     We report on an indium-free and cost-effective Cu2O/Cu/Cu2O multilayer mesh electrode grown by room temperature roll-to-roll sputtering as a viable alternative to ITO electrodes …             Internal-Modified Dithiol DNA–Directed Au Nanoassemblies: Geometrically Controlled Self–Assembly and Quantitative Surface–Enhanced Raman Scattering Properties ▶     Yuan Yan, Hangyong Shan, Min Li et al.     In this work, a hierarchical DNA–directed self–assembly strategy to construct structure–controlled Au nanoassemblies (NAs) has been demonstrated by conjugating Au nanoparticles …             An Efficient Site-Specific Method for Irreversible Covalent Labeling of Proteins with a Fluorophore ▶     Jiaquan Liu, Jeungphill Hanne, Brooke M. Britton et al.     Fluorophore labeling of proteins while preserving native functions is essential for bulk Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) interaction and single molecule imaging …             Single-molecule FRET studies on alpha-synuclein oligomerization of Parkinson’s disease genetically related mutants ▶     Laura Tosatto, Mathew H. Horrocks, Alexander J. Dear et al.     Oligomers of alpha-synuclein are toxic to cells and have been proposed to play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. As certain missense mutations in the …             Effects of Collective Histone State Dynamics on Epigenetic Landscape and Kinetics of Cell Reprogramming ▶     S. S. Ashwin, Masaki Sasai     Cell reprogramming is a process of transitions from differentiated to pluripotent cell states via transient intermediate states. Within the epigenetic landscape framework, such a …             Decoupling gain and feedback in coherent random lasers: experiments and simulations ▶     Antonio Consoli, Cefe López     We propose and demonstrate a coherent random laser in which the randomly distributed scattering centres are placed outside the active region. This architecture is implemented by …             Macroscopic CNT fibres inducing non-epitaxial nucleation and orientation of semicrystalline polymers ▶     Hangbo Yue, Alfonso Monreal-Bernal, Juan P. Fernández-Blázquez et al.     In the presence of macroscopic fibres of carbon nanotubes (CNT), various semicrystalline polymers are shown to present accelerated crystallisation through the formation of a …             A First Principles study on Boron-doped Graphene decorated by Ni-Ti-Mg atoms for Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Performance ▶     Santhanamoorthi Nachimuthu, Po-Jung Lai, Ermias Girma Leggesse et al.     We proposed a new solid state material for hydrogen storage, which consists of a combination of both transition and alkaline earth metal atoms decorating a boron-doped graphene …             Ultra-fast pulse propagation in nonlinear graphene/silicon ridge waveguide ▶     Ken Liu, Jian Fa Zhang, Wei Xu et al.     We report the femtosecond laser propagation in a hybrid graphene/silicon ridge waveguide with demonstration of the ultra-large Kerr coefficient of graphene. We also fabricated a …             Synthesis of Large Area Graphene for High Performance in Flexible Optoelectronic Devices ▶     Emre O. Polat, Osman Balci, Nurbek Kakenov et al.     This work demonstrates an attractive low-cost route to obtain large area and high-quality graphene films by using the ultra-smooth copper foils which are typically used as the …             Electrostatic-Force-Assisted Dispensing Printing to Construct High-Aspect-Ratio of 0.79 Electrodes on a Textured Surface with Improved Adhesion and Contact Resistivity ▶     Dong-Youn Shin, Sung-Soo Yoo, Hee-eun Song et al.     As a novel route to construct fine and abnormally high-aspect-ratio electrodes with excellent adhesion and reduced contact resistivity on a textured surface, an …             A generalized architecture of quantum secure direct communication for N disjointed users with authentication ▶     Ahmed Farouk, Magdy Zakaria, Adel Megahed et al.     In this paper, we generalize a secured direct communication process between N users with partial and full cooperation of quantum server. So, N − 1 disjointed users u1, u2, …, uN−1…             Nanofabrication and coloration study of artificial Morpho butterfly wings with aligned lamellae layers ▶     Sichao Zhang, Yifang Chen     The bright and iridescent blue color from Morpho butterfly wings has attracted worldwide attentions to explore its mysterious nature for long time. Although the physics of …             Conversion of biomass-derived sorbitol to glycols over carbon-materials supported Ru-based catalysts ▶     Xingcui Guo, Jing Guan, Bin Li et al.     Ruthenium (Ru) supported on activated carbon (AC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was carried out in the hydrogenolysis of sorbitol to ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,2-propanediol …             Antibacterial titanium nano-patterned arrays inspired by dragonfly wings ▶     Chris M. Bhadra, Vi Khanh Truong, Vy T. H. Pham et al.     Titanium and its alloys remain the most popular choice as a medical implant material because of its desirable properties. The successful osseointegration of titanium implants is, …             Solid Solutions of Rare Earth Cations in Mesoporous Anatase Beads and Their Performances in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells ▶     Carmen Cavallo, Alberto Salleo, Daniele Gozzi et al.     Solid solutions of the rare earth (RE) cations Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Gd3+, Er3+ and Yb3+ in anatase TiO2 have been synthesized as mesoporous beads in the concentration range 0.1–0.3% …             Soft and broadband infrared metamaterial absorber based on gold nanorod/liquid crystal hybrid with tunable total absorption ▶     Zhaoxian Su, Jianbo Yin, Xiaopeng Zhao     We design a soft infrared metamaterial absorber based on gold nanorods dispersed in liquid crystal (LC) placed on a gold film and theoretically investigate its total absorption …             Electric field induced reversible 180° magnetization switching through tuning of interfacial exchange bias along magnetic easy-axis in multiferroic laminates ▶     Xu Xue, Ziyao Zhou, Bin Peng et al.     E-field control of interfacial exchange coupling and deterministic switching of magnetization have been demonstrated in two sets of …             The role of the coherence in the cross-correlation analysis of diffraction patterns from two-dimensional dense mono-disperse systems ▶     T. Latychevskaia, G. F. Mancini, F. Carbone     The investigation of the static and dynamic structural properties of colloidal systems relies on techniques capable of atomic resolution in real space and femtosecond resolution …             Magnetic interactions in the Zn-Co-O system: tuning local structure, valence and carrier type from extremely Co doped ZnO to ZnCo2O4 ▶     Bastian Henne, Verena Ney, Katharina Ollefs et al.     We have investigated the relation between local structure, valence and carrier type with magnetism in the Zn-Co-O system. Thin films ranging from wurtzite Zn1−xCoxO (Co:ZnO) to …             High-resolution in-depth imaging of optically cleared thick samples using an adaptive SPIM ▶     Aurore Masson, Paul Escande, Céline Frongia et al.     Today, Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) makes it possible to image fluorescent samples through depths of several hundreds of microns. However, LSFM also suffers from …             Enhancing the methanol tolerance of platinum nanoparticles for the cathode reaction of direct methanol fuel cells through a geometric design ▶     Yan Feng, Feng Ye, Hui Liu et al.     Mastery over the structure of nanoparticles might be an effective way to enhance their performance for a given application. Herein we demonstrate the design of cage-bell …             Novel electrochemical redox-active species: one-step synthesis of polyaniline derivative-Au/Pd and its application for multiplexed immunoassay ▶     Liyuan Wang, Feng Feng, Zhanfang Ma     Electrochemical redox-active species play crucial role in electrochemically multiplexed immunoassays. A one-pot method for synthesizing four kinds of new electrochemical …             Comparison on thermal transport properties of graphene and phosphorene nanoribbons ▶     Xiao-Fang Peng, Ke-Qiu Chen     We investigate ballistic thermal transport at low temperatures in graphene and phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRS) modulated with a double-cavity quantum structure. A comparative …             Novel morphology changes from 3D ordered macroporous structure to V2O5 nanofiber grassland and its application in electrochromism ▶     Zhongqiu Tong, Haiming Lv, Xiang Zhang et al.     Because vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is the only oxide that shows both anodic and cathodic coloration electrochromism, the reversible lithium ion insertion/extraction processes in V2…             Spatially uniform enhancement of single quantum dot emission using plasmonic grating decoupler ▶     Arunandan Kumar, Jean-Claude Weeber, Alexandre Bouhelier et al.     We demonstrate a spatially uniform enhancement of individual quantum dot (QD) fluorescence emission using plasmonic grating decouplers on thin gold or silver films. Individual …             Ultrawide electrical tuning of light matter interaction in a high electron mobility transistor structure ▶     Shovon Pal, Hanond Nong, Sergej Markmann et al.     The interaction between intersubband resonances (ISRs) and metamaterial microcavities constitutes a strongly coupled system where new resonances form that depend on the coupling …             Impact of doping on the carrier dynamics in graphene ▶     Faris Kadi, Torben Winzer, Andreas Knorr et al.     We present a microscopic study on the impact of doping on the carrier dynamics in graphene, in particular focusing on its influence on the technologically relevant carrier …             Visible-Light Actinometry and Intermittent Illumination as Convenient Tools to Study Ru(bpy)3Cl2 Mediated Photoredox Transformations ▶     Spencer P. Pitre, Christopher D. McTiernan, Wyatt Vine et al.     Photoredox catalysis provides many green opportunities for radical-mediated synthetic transformations. However, the determination of the underlying mechanisms has been …             Bioinspired Breathable Architecture for Water Harvesting ▶     Rowan M. von Spreckelsen, Matthew T. Harris, James M. Wigzell et al.     Thuja plicata is a coniferous tree which displays remarkable water channelling properties. In this article, an easily fabricated mesh inspired by the hierarchical macro surface …             Virus-like nanostructures for tuning immune response ▶     Rashad Mammadov, Goksu Cinar, Nuray Gunduz et al.     Synthetic vaccines utilize viral signatures to trigger immune responses. Although the immune responses raised against the biochemical signatures of viruses are well …             Diffractive Optical Analysis for Refractive Index Sensing using Transparent Phase Gratings ▶     Nityanand Kumawat, Parama Pal, Manoj Varma     We report the implementation of a micro-patterned, glass-based photonic sensing element that is capable of label-free biosensing. The diffractive optical analyzer is based on the …             Soft viscoelastic properties of nuclear actin age oocytes due to gravitational creep ▶     Marina Feric, Chase P. Broedersz, Clifford P. Brangwynne     The actin cytoskeleton helps maintain structural organization within living cells. In large X. laevis oocytes, gravity becomes a dominant force and is countered by a nuclear …             Inner retinal oxygen metabolism in the 50/10 oxygen-induced retinopathy model ▶     Brian T. Soetikno, Ji Yi, Ronil Shah et al.     Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) represents a major cause of childhood vision loss worldwide. The 50/10 oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model mimics the findings of ROP, …             Low-intensity continuous ultrasound triggers effective bisphosphonate anticancer activity in breast cancer ▶     Sophie Tardoski, Jacqueline Ngo, Evelyne Gineyts et al.     Ultrasound (US) is a non-ionizing pressure wave that can produce mechanical and thermal effects. Bisphosphonates have demonstrated clinical utility in bone metastases treatment. …             Size-Dependent Melting Behavior of Colloidal In, Sn, and Bi Nanocrystals ▶     Minglu Liu, Robert Y. Wang     Colloidal nanocrystals are a technologically important class of nanostructures whose phase change properties have been largely unexplored. Here we report on the melting behavior …             The influence of whispering gallery modes on the far field of ring lasers ▶     Rolf Szedlak, Martin Holzbauer, Donald MacFarland et al.     We introduce ring lasers with continuous π-phase shifts in the second order distributed feedback grating. This configuration facilitates insights into the nature of the modal …             Selective interlayer ferromagnetic coupling between the Cu spins in YBa2Cu3O7−x grown on top of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 ▶     S. W. Huang, L. Andrew Wray, Horng-Tay Jeng et al.     Studies to date on ferromagnet/d-wave superconductor heterostructures focus mainly on the effects at or near the interfaces while the response of bulk properties to …             Universal Quake Statistics: From Compressed Nanocrystals to Earthquakes ▶     Jonathan T. Uhl, Shivesh Pathak, Danijel Schorlemmer et al.     Slowly-compressed single crystals, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), rocks, granular materials, and the earth all deform via intermittent slips or “quakes”. We find that although …             Probing the gravitational Faraday rotation using quasar X-ray microlensing ▶     Bin Chen     The effect of gravitational Faraday rotation was predicted in the 1950s, but there is currently no practical method for measuring this effect. Measuring this effect is important …             Piezoresistive AFM cantilevers surpassing standard optical beam deflection in low noise topography imaging ▶     Maja Dukic, Jonathan D. Adams, Georg E. Fantner     Optical beam deflection (OBD) is the most prevalent method for measuring cantilever deflections in atomic force microscopy (AFM), mainly due to its excellent noise performance. …             Enhancing the Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Graphene in Organic Solvents upon Addition of n-Octylbenzene ▶     Sébastien Haar, Mirella El Gemayel, Yuyoung Shin et al.     Due to a unique combination of electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical stiffness, strength and elasticity, graphene became a rising star on the horizon of materials …             Plasmonic Gold Nanorods Coverage Influence on Enhancement of the Photoluminescence of Two-Dimensional MoS2 Monolayer ▶     Kevin C. J. Lee, Yi-Huan Chen, Hsiang-Yu Lin et al.     The 2-D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors, has received great attention due to its excellent optical and electronic properties and potential applications in …             Biocompatible fluorescent supramolecular nanofibrous hydrogel for long-term cell tracking and tumor imaging applications ▶     Huaimin Wang, Duo Mao, Youzhi Wang et al.     Biocompatible peptide-based supramolecular hydrogel has recently emerged as a new and promising system for biomedical applications. In this work, Rhodamine B is employed as a new …             High spectral response of self-driven GaN-based detectors by controlling the contact barrier height ▶     Xiaojuan Sun, Dabing Li, Zhiming Li et al.     High spectral response of self-driven GaN-based ultraviolet detectors with interdigitated finger geometries were realized using interdigitated Schottky and near-ohmic contacts. …             Insight into 2α-Chloro-2′(2′,6′)-(Di)Halogenopicropodophyllotoxins Reacting with Carboxylic Acids Mediated by BF3·Et2O ▶     Lingling Fan, Xiaoyan Zhi, Zhiping Che et al.     Stereospecific nucleophilic substitution at the C-4α position of 2α-chloro-2′(2′,6′)-(di)halogenopicropodophyllotoxin derivatives with carboxylic acids mediated by BF3·Et2O was …             Silver nanowires decorated with silver nanoparticles for low-haze flexible transparent conductive films ▶     Mini Mol Menamparambath, C. Muhammed Ajmal, Kwang Hee Kim et al.     Silver nanowires have attracted much attention for use in flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs) due to their low sheet resistance and flexibility. However, the haze was …             High-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect in honeycomb bilayer consisting of Au atoms and single-vacancy graphene ▶     Yan Han, Jian-Guo Wan, Gui-Xian Ge et al.     The quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) is predicted to be realized at high temperature in a honeycomb bilayer consisting of Au atoms and single-vacancy graphene (Au2-SVG) based …             Photo-induced enhancement of the power factor of Cu2S thermoelectric films ▶     Yanhong Lv, Jikun Chen, Ren-Kui Zheng et al.     Element doping is commonly used to adjust the carrier concentrations in semiconductors such as thermoelectric materials. However, the doping process unavoidably brings in defects …             Two-dimensional airflow modeling underpredicts the wind velocity over dunes ▶     Britt Michelsen, Severin Strobl, Eric J. R. Parteli et al.     We investigate the average turbulent wind field over a barchan dune by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics. We find that the fractional speed-up ratio of the wind velocity over …             Nitrogen oxides under pressure: stability, ionization, polymerization, and superconductivity ▶     Dongxu Li, Artem R. Oganov, Xiao Dong et al.     Nitrogen oxides are textbook class of molecular compounds, with extensive industrial applications. Nitrogen and oxygen are also among the most abundant elements in the universe. …             Screening and transport in 2D semiconductor systems at low temperatures ▶     S. Das Sarma, E. H. Hwang     Low temperature carrier transport properties in 2D semiconductor systems can be theoretically well-understood within RPA-Boltzmann theory as being limited by scattering from …             Controls and constrains of the membrane disrupting action of Aurein 1.2 ▶     Mahdi Shahmiri, Marta Enciso, Adam Mechler     Aurein 1.2 is a 13 residue antimicrobial peptide secreted by the Australian tree frog Litoria Aurea. It is a surface-acting membrane disrupting peptide that permeabilizes …             A Universal Base in a Specific Role: Tuning up a Thrombin Aptamer with 5-Nitroindole ▶     Vladimir B. Tsvetkov, Anna M. Varizhuk, Galina E. Pozmogova et al.     In this study we describe new modified analogs of the thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) containing 5-nitroindole residues. It has been shown that all modified TBAs form an …             Superresolution imaging with optical fluctuation using speckle patterns illumination ▶     MinKwan Kim, ChungHyun Park, Christophe Rodriguez et al.     Superresolution fluorescence microscopy possesses an important role for the study of processes in biological cells with subdiffraction resolution. Recently, superresolution …             Desolvation-Driven 100-Fold Slow-down of Tunneling Relaxation Rate in Co(II)-Dy(III) Single-Molecule Magnets through a Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Process ▶     Jun-Liang Liu, Jie-Yi Wu, Guo-Zhang Huang et al.     Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are regarded as a class of promising materials for spintronic and ultrahigh-density storage devices. Tuning the magnetic dynamics of …             Graphene oxide and H2 production from bioelectrochemical graphite oxidation ▶     Lu Lu, Cuiping Zeng, Luda Wang et al.     Graphene oxide (GO) is an emerging material for energy and environmental applications, but it has been primarily produced using chemical processes involving high energy …             Long-term maintenance of human induced pluripotent stem cells by automated cell culture system ▶     Shuhei Konagaya, Takeshi Ando, Toshiaki Yamauchi et al.     Pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, are regarded as new sources for cell replacement therapy. These cells can …               Earth & Environmental Sciences ▲ top               Remote influence of Atlantic multidecadal variability on Siberian warm season precipitation ▶     Cheng Sun, Jianping Li, Sen Zhao     The time series of 20th century Siberian warm season (May to October) precipitation (SWP) shows variations over decadal timescales, including a wetting trend since the 1970s. …             Modeling the consequences of the demise and potential recovery of a keystone-species: wild rabbits and avian scavengers in Mediterranean landscapes ▶     Ainara Cortés-Avizanda, Maria Àngels Colomer, Antoni Margalida et al.     Restoration of demised keystone-species populations is an overriding concern in conservation biology. However, since no population is independent of its environment, progress is …             Extreme lithium isotopic fractionation in three zircon standards (Plešovice, Qinghu and Temora) ▶     Yu-Ya Gao, Xian-Hua Li, William L. Griffin et al.     To understand the behavior of Li in zircon, we have analyzed the abundance and isotopic composition of Li in three zircon standards (Plešovice, Qinghu and Temora) widely used for …             Covariability of western tropical Pacific-North Pacific atmospheric circulation during summer ▶     Kyung-Sook Yun, Sang-Wook Yeh, Kyung-Ja Ha     North Pacific subtropical high (NPSH) is permanent high-pressure system over the Northern Pacific Ocean and it extends to the western North Pacific during the boreal summer …             Evaluation of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Studies in the Seagrass Zostera muelleri Exposed to Light Limitation ▶     M. Schliep, M. Pernice, S. Sinutok et al.     Seagrass meadows are threatened by coastal development and global change. In the face of these pressures, molecular techniques such as reverse transcription quantitative …             Space resource utilisation: a novel indicator to quantify species competitive ability for light ▶     Pengfei Zhang, Xiaolong Zhou, Junyong Li et al.     Species richness and productivity are two fundamental aspects of ecosystems. As a result, the relationship between species richness and productivity has been widely studied. A …             Assessing the impact of removal scenarios on population viability of a threatened, long-lived avian scavenger ▶     Antoni Margalida, Mª Àngels Colomer, Daniel Oro et al.     The removal of eggs or chicks from wild populations to create captive populations, reinforce free-ranging populations or reintroduce species into the wild is a restoration tool …             Evidence of discrete yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) populations demands rethink of management for this globally important resource ▶     P. M. Grewe, P. Feutry, P. L. Hill et al.     Tropical tuna fisheries are central to food security and economic development of many regions of the world. Contemporary population assessment and management generally assume …             Biochar as an electron shuttle for reductive dechlorination of pentachlorophenol by Geobacter sulfurreducens ▶     Linpeng Yu, Yong Yuan, Jia Tang et al.     The reductive dechlorination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by Geobacter sulfurreducens in the presence of different biochars was investigated to understand how biochars affect the …             Outbreak of coral-eating Crown-of-Thorns creates continuous cloud of larvae over 320 km of the Great Barrier Reef ▶     S. Uthicke, J. Doyle, S. Duggan et al.     Coral reefs are in decline worldwide due to a combination of local and global causes. Over 40% of the recent coral loss on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR) has been …             Influence of Humic Acid Complexation with Metal Ions on Extracellular Electron Transfer Activity ▶     Shungui Zhou, Shanshan Chen, Yong Yuan et al.     Humic acids (HAs) can act as electron shuttles and mediate biogeochemical cycles, thereby influencing the transformation of nutrients and environmental pollutants. HAs commonly …             A new cost-effective method to mitigate ammonia loss from intensive cattle feedlots: application of lignite ▶     Deli Chen, Jianlei Sun, Mei Bai et al.     In open beef feedlot systems, more than 50% of dietary nitrogen (N) is lost as ammonia (NH3). Here we report an effective and economically-viable method to mitigate NH3 emissions …             Importance of Oceanian small mountainous rivers (SMRs) in global land-to-ocean output of lignin and modern biospheric carbon ▶     Hongyan Bao, Tsung-Yu Lee, Jr-Chuan Huang et al.     The land-to-ocean export of particulate organic carbon (POC) connects carbon flow from the atmosphere through land to the ocean, of which the contemporary fraction that reaches …             Additional Arctic observations improve weather and sea-ice forecasts for the Northern Sea Route ▶     Jun Inoue, Akira Yamazaki, Jun Ono et al.     During ice-free periods, the Northern Sea Route (NSR) could be an attractive shipping route. The decline in Arctic sea-ice extent, however, could be associated with an increase …             Atomic force microscopy measurements of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation onto clay-sized particles ▶     Qiaoyun Huang, Huayong Wu, Peng Cai et al.     Bacterial adhesion onto mineral surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation play key roles in aggregate stability, mineral weathering, and the fate of contaminants in soils. …             Snow occurrence changes over the central and eastern United States under future warming scenarios ▶     Liang Ning, Raymond S. Bradley     Changes of snow occurrence across the central and eastern United States under future warming for the late 21st century are investigated by applying an empirical hyperbolic …             Soil mulching significantly enhances yields and water and nitrogen use efficiencies of maize and wheat: a meta-analysis ▶     Wei Qin, Chunsheng Hu, Oene Oenema     Global crop yields are limited by water and nutrient availability. Soil mulching (with plastic or straw) reduces evaporation, modifies soil temperature and thereby affects crop …             A Description for Rock Joint Roughness Based on Terrestrial Laser Scanner and Image Analysis ▶     Yunfeng Ge, Huiming Tang, M. A. M Ez Eldin et al.     Shear behavior of rock mass greatly depends upon the rock joint roughness which is generally characterized by anisotropy, scale effect and interval effect. A new index enabling …             Observed contrast changes in snow cover phenology in northern middle and high latitudes from 2001–2014 ▶     Xiaona Chen, Shunlin Liang, Yunfeng Cao et al.     Quantifying and attributing the phenological changes in snow cover are essential for meteorological, hydrological, ecological, and societal implications. However, snow cover …             Growing magma chambers control the distribution of small-scale flood basalts ▶     Xun Yu, Li-Hui Chen, Gang Zeng     Small-scale continental flood basalts are a global phenomenon characterized by regular spatio-temporal distributions. However, no genetic mechanism has been proposed to explain …             Nutrient Loads Flowing into Coastal Waters from the Main Rivers of China (2006–2012) ▶     Yindong Tong, Yue Zhao, Gengchong Zhen et al.     Based on monthly monitoring data of unfiltered water, the nutrient discharges of the eight main rivers flowing into the coastal waters of China were calculated from 2006 to 2012. …             El Niño-Southern Oscillation, local weather and occurrences of dengue virus serotypes ▶     Xiaodong Huang, Archie C.A. Clements, Gail Williams et al.     Severe dengue fever is usually associated with secondary infection by a dengue virus (DENV) serotype (1 to 4) that is different to the serotype of the primary infection. Dengue …             The preferential accumulation of heavy metals in different tissues following frequent respiratory exposure to PM2.5 in rats ▶     Qingzhao Li, Huibin Liu, Mohamed Alattar et al.     This study aimed to explore the pattern of accumulation of some of main heavy metals in blood and various organs of rats after exposed to the atmospheric fine particulate matter …             Impact of Fish Farming on Phosphorus in Reservoir Sediments ▶     Binyang Jia, Ya Tang, Liyan Tian et al.     Fish farming has seriously influenced the aquatic environment in Sancha reservoir in SW China since 1985 and has been strongly restricted since 2005. Thus, phosphorus speciation …             Global analysis of the effect of local climate on the hatchling output of leatherback turtles ▶     Pilar Santidrián Tomillo, Vincent S. Saba, Claudia D. Lombard et al.     The most recent climate change projections show a global increase in temperatures along with precipitation changes throughout the 21st century. However, regional projections do …             Climate-driven environmental changes around 8,200 years ago favoured increases in cetacean strandings and Mediterranean hunter-gatherers exploited them ▶     Marcello A. Mannino, Sahra Talamo, Antonio Tagliacozzo et al.     Cetacean mass strandings occur regularly worldwide, yet the compounded effects of natural and anthropogenic factors often complicate our understanding of these phenomena. …               Health Sciences ▲ top               Genome-wide association study-identified SNPs (rs3790844, rs3790843) in the NR5A2 gene and risk of pancreatic cancer in Japanese ▶     Makoto Ueno, Shinichi Ohkawa, Manabu Morimoto et al.     We genotyped 2 SNPs (rs3790844 T/C and rs3790843 G/A) in the NR5A2 gene that were identified in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of pancreatic cancer in populations of …             Novel Mode of Defective Neural Tube Closure in the Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mouse Strain ▶     J. Michael Salbaum, Claudia Kruger, Jacalyn MacGowan et al.     Failure to close the neural tube results in birth defects, with severity ranging from spina bifida to lethal anencephaly. Few genetic risk factors for neural tube defects are …             Characterizing Types of Human Mobility to Inform Differential and Targeted Malaria Elimination Strategies in Northeast Cambodia ▶     Koen Peeters Grietens, Charlotte Gryseels, Susan Dierickx et al.     Human population movements currently challenge malaria elimination in low transmission foci in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Using a mixed-methods design, combining ethnography …             Engraftment of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes in immunocompetent mice via 3D co-aggregation and encapsulation ▶     Wei Song, Yen-Chun Lu, Angela S. Frankel et al.     Cellular therapies for liver diseases and in vitro models for drug testing both require functional human hepatocytes (Hum-H), which have unfortunately been limited due to the …             Epstein-Barr virus from Burkitt Lymphoma biopsies from Africa and South America share novel LMP-1 promoter and gene variations ▶     Haiyan Lei, Tianwei Li, Bingjie Li et al.     Epstein Barr virus (EBV) sequence variation is thought to contribute to Burkitt lymphoma (BL), but lack of data from primary BL tumors hampers efforts to test this hypothesis. We …             Oncogenic miR-9 is a target of erlotinib in NSCLCs ▶     Xi Chen, Lingjun Zhu, Zhuo Ma et al.     EGFR-targeted cancer therapy is a breakthrough in non-small cell carcinoma. miRNAs have been proved to play important roles in cancer. Currently, for the role of miRNAs in …             EZH2 is highly expressed in pituitary adenomas and associated with proliferation ▶     David Schult, Annett Hölsken, Sonja Siegel et al.     Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a core epigenetic regulator, playing a crucial role in cell cycle regulation. The protein is known to be associated with proliferation and …             Diet composition, not calorie intake, rapidly alters intrinsic excitability of hypothalamic AgRP/NPY neurons in mice ▶     Wei Wei, Kevin Pham, Jesse W. Gammons et al.     Obesity is a chronic condition resulting from a long-term pattern of poor diet and lifestyle. Long-term consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) leads to persistent activation and …             Multiple Sources of Infection and Potential Endemic Characteristics of the Large Outbreak of Dengue in Guangdong in 2014 ▶     Shu-Qun Shen, Hai-Xia Wei, Yong-Hang Fu et al.     A large outbreak of dengue, with the most documented cases, occurred in Guangdong China in 2014. Epidemiological studies and phylogenetic analysis of the isolated dengue virus …             CUL4A facilitates hepatocarcinogenesis by promoting cell cycle progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition ▶     Yingfang Pan, Bo Wang, Xiaoyun Yang et al.     CUL4A, a member of the CULLIN family, functions as a scaffold protein for an E3 ubiquitin ligase. It was reported that the CUL4A gene showed amplification in some human primary …             Identification of novel, therapy-responsive protein biomarkers in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy by aptamer-based serum proteomics ▶     Anna M. L. Coenen-Stass, Graham McClorey, Raquel Manzano et al.     There is currently an urgent need for biomarkers that can be used to monitor the efficacy of experimental therapies for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) in clinical trials. …             eIF5A1/RhoGDIα pathway: a novel therapeutic target for treatment of spinal cord injury identified by a proteomics approach ▶     Wei Liu, Fei-Fei Shang, Yang Xu et al.     Spinal cord injury (SCI) is frequently accompanied by a degree of spontaneous functional recovery. The underlying mechanisms through which such recovery is generated remain …             Hepatitis B virus efficiently infects non-adherent hepatoma cells via human sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide ▶     Kaori Okuyama-Dobashi, Hirotake Kasai, Tomohisa Tanaka et al.     Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) has been reported as a functional receptor for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, HBV could not efficiently infect …             Neuropeptides in the cerebral ganglia of the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain: transcriptomic analysis and expression profiles during vitellogenesis ▶     Chenchang Bao, Yanan Yang, Huiyang Huang et al.     Neuropeptides play a critical role in regulating animal reproduction. In vertebrates, GnRH, GnIH and kisspeptin are the key neuropeptide hormones of the reproductive axis, …             P2×7 purinergic signaling in dilated cardiomyopathy induced by auto-immunity against muscarinic M2 receptors: autoantibody levels, heart functionality and cytokine expression ▶     Camila Guerra Martinez, Daniel Zamith-Miranda, Marcia Gracindo da Silva et al.     Autoantibodies against the M2 receptors (M2AChR) have been associated with Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM). In the heart, P2×7 receptors influence electrical conduction, coronary …             Flicker-assisted localization microscopy reveals altered mitochondrial architecture in hypertension ▶     Susan Chalmers, Christopher D. Saunter, John M. Girkin et al.     Mitochondrial morphology is central to normal physiology and disease development. However, in many live cells and tissues, complex mitochondrial structures exist and morphology …             Dexmedetomidine Inhibits TLR4/NF-κB Activation and Reduces Acute Kidney Injury after Orthotopic Autologous Liver Transplantation in Rats ▶     Hui Yao, Xinjin Chi, Yi Jin et al.     Patients who undergo orthotopic liver transplantation often sustain acute kidney injury(AKI). The toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/Nuclear factor-кB(NF-кB) pathway plays a role in AKI. …             Osteoarthritis-like pathologic changes in the knee joint induced by environmental disruption of circadian rhythms is potentiated by a high-fat diet ▶     Ranjan Kc, Xin Li, Christopher B. Forsyth et al.     A variety of environmental factors contribute to progressive development of osteoarthritis (OA). Environmental factors that upset circadian rhythms have been linked to various …             Nanoliposomal Nitroglycerin Exerts Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effects ▶     Soroush Ardekani, Harry A. Scott, Sharad Gupta et al.     Nitroglycerin (NTG) markedly enhances nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. However, its ability to mimic the anti-inflammatory properties of NO remains unknown. Here, we examined …             BRAFV600E mutation is highly prevalent in thyroid carcinomas in the young population in Fukushima: a different oncogenic profile from Chernobyl ▶     Norisato Mitsutake, Toshihiko Fukushima, Michiko Matsuse et al.     After the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, the thyroid ultrasound screening program for children aged 0–18 at the time of the accident was started from …             Hepatitis B virus spliced variants are associated with an impaired response to interferon therapy ▶     Jieliang Chen, Min Wu, Fan Wang et al.     During hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, spliced HBV genomes and splice-generated proteins have been widely described, however, their biological and clinical significance …             Detection of Infertility-related Neutralizing Antibodies with a Cell-free Microfluidic Method ▶     Klaus Eyer, Katharina Root, Pascal E. Verboket et al.     The unwanted emergence of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against an endogenous or a therapeutic protein can result in deficiency diseases or therapy failure. Here, we developed a …             Disposable optics for microscopy diagnostics ▶     Pauliina Vilmi, Sami Varjo, Rafal Sliz et al.     The point-of-care testing (POCT) is having increasing role on modern health care systems due to a possibility to perform tests for patients conveniently and immediately. POCT …             Non-cultured dermal-derived mesenchymal cells attenuate sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture in mice ▶     Yu Wang, Li Tan, Jie Jin et al.     Sepsis remains a threat to critically ill patients and carries a high morbidity and mortality. Cell–based therapies have risen in prominence in recent years. Dermal-derived …             Adipose tissue macrophages induce PPARγ-high FOXP3+ regulatory T cells ▶     Toshiharu Onodera, Atsunori Fukuhara, Myoung Ho Jang et al.     Numerous regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present in adipose tissues compared with other lymphoid or non-lymphoid tissues. Adipose Tregs regulate inflammatory state and insulin …             Increased expression of circulating miRNA-93 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome may represent a novel, non-invasive biomarker for diagnosis ▶     T. Sathyapalan, R. David, N. J. Gooderham et al.     MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a novel class of small noncoding single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. There is increasing evidence of their importance in polycystic …             Effect of Lymph Node Count on Pathological Stage III Rectal Cancer with Preoperative Radiotherapy ▶     Qingguo Li, Lei Liang, Lu Gan et al.     Lymph node (LN) status after surgery for rectal cancer is affected by preoperative radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to perform a population-based evaluation of the …             Body mass index and risk of lung cancer: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis ▶     Peng Duan, Chunhui Hu, Chao Quan et al.     Questions remain about the significance of the dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and lung cancer (LC) risk. Pertinent studies were identified through a …             High carbohydrate intake from starchy foods is positively associated with metabolic disorders: a Cohort Study from a Chinese population ▶     Rennan Feng, Shanshan Du, Yang Chen et al.     Starchy foods are the main sources of carbohydrates; however, there is limited information on their metabolic impact. Therefore, we assessed the association between carbohydrates …             El Niño-Southern Oscillation, local weather and occurrences of dengue virus serotypes ▶     Xiaodong Huang, Archie C.A. Clements, Gail Williams et al.     Severe dengue fever is usually associated with secondary infection by a dengue virus (DENV) serotype (1 to 4) that is different to the serotype of the primary infection. Dengue …             Beneficial impact of Gpnmb and its significance as a biomarker in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ▶     Akihiro Katayama, Atsuko Nakatsuka, Jun Eguchi et al.     Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Gpnmb is classified as a type 1 membrane protein and its soluble form is …             Intestinal organoids for assessing nutrient transport, sensing and incretin secretion ▶     Tamara Zietek, Eva Rath, Dirk Haller et al.     Intestinal nutrient transport and sensing are of emerging interest in research on obesity and diabetes and as drug targets. Appropriate in vitro models are lacking that allow …             Combined Mapping of Multiple clUsteriNg ALgorithms (COMMUNAL): A Robust Method for Selection of Cluster Number, K ▶     Timothy E. Sweeney, Albert C. Chen, Olivier Gevaert     In order to discover new subsets (clusters) of a data set, researchers often use algorithms that perform unsupervised clustering, namely, the algorithmic separation of a dataset …             Role of P38 MAPK on MMP Activity in Photothrombotic Stroke Mice as Measured using an Ultrafast MMP Activatable Probe ▶     Di Chang, Yuan-Cheng Wang, Ying-Ying Bai et al.     Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) exert a dual effect in ischemic stroke and thus represent an ideal target for detection and therapy. However, to date, all clinical trials of MMP …             The Specification and Maturation of Nociceptive Neurons from Human Embryonic Stem Cells ▶     Erin M. Boisvert, Sandra J. Engle, Shawn E. Hallowell et al.     Nociceptive neurons play an essential role in pain sensation by transmitting painful stimuli to the central nervous system. However, investigations of nociceptive neuron biology …             DNA methylation mediated silencing of microRNA-145 is a potential prognostic marker in patients with lung adenocarcinoma ▶     Wenjie Xia, Qiang Chen, Jie Wang et al.     The molecular mechanism of down-regulated microRNA-145 (miR-145) expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that aberrant hyper-methylation …             The preferential accumulation of heavy metals in different tissues following frequent respiratory exposure to PM2.5 in rats ▶     Qingzhao Li, Huibin Liu, Mohamed Alattar et al.     This study aimed to explore the pattern of accumulation of some of main heavy metals in blood and various organs of rats after exposed to the atmospheric fine particulate matter …             Olfactomedin 4 deficiency promotes prostate neoplastic progression and is associated with upregulation of the hedgehog-signaling pathway ▶     Hongzhen Li, Wenli Liu, Weiping Chen et al.     Loss of olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) gene expression is associated with the progression of human prostate cancer, but its role and the molecular mechanisms involved in this process …             Effect of exercise on fluoride metabolism in adult humans: a pilot study ▶     Fatemeh V. Zohoori, Alison Innerd, Liane B. Azevedo et al.     An understanding of all aspects of fluoride metabolism is critical to identify its biological effects and avoid fluoride toxicity in humans. Fluoride metabolism and subsequently …             Sodium channel-inhibiting drugs and survival of breast, colon and prostate cancer: a population-based study ▶     Caroline Fairhurst, Ian Watt, Fabiola Martin et al.     Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) regulate invasion and metastasis. Several VGSC-inhibiting drugs reduce metastasis …             First Experience of Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Ablation for Recurrent Hepatoblastoma after Liver Resection in Children ▶     Baoxian Liu, Luyao Zhou, Guangliang Huang et al.     This study aimed to summarize the first experience with ultrasound-guided percutaneous ablation treatment (PAT) for recurrent hepatoblastoma (HB) after liver resection in …             Impact of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome in patients with dementia ▶     Ping-Hsun Wu, Yi-Ting Lin, Po-Chao Hsu et al.     The study aimed to investigate the association of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) use with the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We conducted a population-based …             Effectiveness and safety of Glucosamine, chondroitin, the two in combination, or celecoxib in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee ▶     Chao Zeng, Jie Wei, Hui Li et al.     This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of glucosamine, chondroitin, the two in combination, or celecoxib in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). …             Peritoneal VEGF-A expression is regulated by TGF-β1 through an ID1 pathway in women with endometriosis ▶     Vicky J. Young, Syed F. Ahmad, Jeremy K. Brown et al.     VEGF-A, an angiogenic factor, is increased in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. The cytokine TGF-β1 is thought to play a role in the establishment of …             Tianma Gouteng Yin, a Traditional Chinese Medicine decoction, exerts neuroprotective effects in animal and cellular models of Parkinson’s disease ▶     Liang-Feng Liu, Ju-Xian Song, Jia-Hong Lu et al.     Tianma Gouteng Yin (TGY) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction widely used to treat symptoms associated with typical Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, the …             Apoptosome activation, an important molecular instigator in 6-mercaptopurine induced Leydig cell death ▶     Jessica A. Morgan, John Lynch, John C. Panetta et al.     Leydig cells are crucial to the production of testosterone in males. It is unknown if the cancer chemotherapeutic drug, 6-mercaptopurine (6 MP), produces Leydig cell failure …             High yield extraction of pure spinal motor neurons, astrocytes and microglia from single embryo and adult mouse spinal cord ▶     Marie-Josée Beaudet, Qiurui Yang, Sébastien Cadau et al.     Extraction of mouse spinal motor neurons from transgenic mouse embryos recapitulating some aspects of neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has met with …             Crosstalk between SDF-1/CXCR4 and SDF-1/CXCR7 in cardiac stem cell migration ▶     Dong Chen, Yanli Xia, Ke Zuo et al.     Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is a chemokine that can be expressed in injured cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction (MI). By combining with its receptor CXCR4, SDF-1 …             ERK2 mediates inner hair cell survival and decreases susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss ▶     Takaomi Kurioka, Takeshi Matsunobu, Yasushi Satoh et al.     Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a member of the family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and coordinately regulates a multitude of cellular processes. …             Genetic Associations of Interleukin-related Genes with Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis ▶     Kah Hie Wong, Shi Song Rong, Kelvin K. L. Chong et al.     Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is the commonest extra-thyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD). Associations between interleukin-related (IL) gene polymorphisms and GO have …             Structure-based Design Targeted at LOX-1, a Receptor for Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein ▶     Shraddha Thakkar, Xianwei Wang, Magomed Khaidakov et al.     Atherosclerosis related cardiovascular diseases continue to be the primary cause of mortality in developed countries. The elevated level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is …             p53/PUMA expression in human pulmonary fibroblasts mediates cell activation and migration in silicosis ▶     Wei Wang, Haijun Liu, Xiaoniu Dai et al.     Phagocytosis of SiO2 into the lung causes an inflammatory cascade that results in fibroblast proliferation and migration, followed by fibrosis. Clinical evidence has indicated …             Role of the clock gene Bmal1 and the gastric ghrelin-secreting cell in the circadian regulation of the ghrelin-GOAT system ▶     J. Laermans, L. Vancleef, J. Tack et al.     As adequate food intake is crucial to survival, organisms have evolved endogenous circadian clocks to generate optimal temporal patterns of food-related behavior and physiology. …             Sialylation of the prion protein glycans controls prion replication rate and glycoform ratio ▶     Elizaveta Katorcha, Natallia Makarava, Regina Savtchenko et al.     Prion or PrPSc is a proteinaceous infectious agent that consists of a misfolded and aggregated form of a sialoglycoprotein called prion protein or PrPC. PrPC has two sialylated …             Fully automatic GBM segmentation in the TCGA-GBM dataset: Prognosis and correlation with VASARI features ▶     Emmanuel Rios Velazquez, Raphael Meier, William D. Dunn Jr et al.     Reproducible definition and quantification of imaging biomarkers is essential. We evaluated a fully automatic MR-based segmentation method by comparing it to manually defined …             Circulating microbial RNA and health ▶     Ross Ka-Kit Leung, Ying-Kit Wu     Measurement of health indicators in the blood is a commonly performed diagnostic procedure. Two blood studies one involving extended observations on the health of an individual …             Not seeing or feeling is still believing: conscious and non-conscious pain modulation after direct and observational learning ▶     Natalia Egorova, Joel Park, Scott P. Orr et al.     Our experience with the world is shaped not only directly through personal exposure but also indirectly through observing others and learning from their experiences. Using a …             Application of artificial neural network to investigate the effects of 5-fluorouracil on ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides in HepG2 cells ▶     Jianru Guo, QianQian Chen, Christopher Wai Kei Lam et al.     Endogenous ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides are essential metabolites that play important roles in a broad range of key cellular functions. Their intracellular levels …             Five-aza-2′-deoxycytidine-induced hypomethylation of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase gene is responsible for cell death of myelodysplasia/leukemia cells ▶     Takayuki Tsujioka, Akira Yokoi, Yoshitaro Itano et al.     DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMT inhibitors) are administered for high-risk MDS, but their action mechanisms are not fully understood. Hence, we performed a genome-wide DNA …             Trends of HIV subtypes and phylogenetic dynamics among young men who have sex with men in China, 2009–2014 ▶     Zheng Li, Lingjie Liao, Yi Feng et al.     To investigate the origins of HIV transmission and phylogenetic dynamics among men who have sex with men (MSM), a total of 1205 newly diagnosed HIV-infected 16–25 year-olds were …             Tuftsin-derived T-peptide prevents cellular immunosuppression and improves survival rate in septic mice ▶     Yu-Lei Gao, Yan-Fen Chai, Ning Dong et al.     The primary mechanisms of sepsis induced cellular immunesuppression involve immune dysfunction of T lymphocytes and negative immunoregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). It …             Inner retinal oxygen metabolism in the 50/10 oxygen-induced retinopathy model ▶     Brian T. Soetikno, Ji Yi, Ronil Shah et al.     Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) represents a major cause of childhood vision loss worldwide. The 50/10 oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model mimics the findings of ROP, …             Modulation of Macrophage Functional Polarity towards Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype with Plasmid DNA Delivery in CD44 Targeting Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles ▶     Thanh-Huyen Tran, Ruchir Rastogi, Juili Shelke et al.     The purpose of this study was to modulate macrophage polarity from the pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype using plasmid DNA (pDNA) expressing interleukin-4 …             GRPR-targeted Protein Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging of Receptor Expression in Cancers by MRI ▶     Fan Pu, Jingjuan Qiao, Shenghui Xue et al.     Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is differentially expressed on the surfaces of various diseased cells, including prostate and lung cancer. However, monitoring temporal …             The increased risk of active tuberculosis disease in patients with dermatomyositis – a nationwide retrospective cohort study ▶     Ping-Hsun Wu, Yi-Ting Lin, Yi-Hsin Yang et al.     The risk of active tuberculosis (TB) in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) is poorly understood. The cohort study aimed to investigate the association between DM and the risk of …             Alterations in Circulating Immune Cells in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration ▶     Judith Lechner, Mei Chen, Ruth E. Hogg et al.     Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. Recent advances have highlighted the essential role of …             Divalent metal-ion transporter 1 is decreased in intestinal epithelial cells and contributes to the anemia in inflammatory bowel disease ▶     Wei Wu, Yang Song, Chong He et al.     Divalent metal-ion transporter 1 (DMT1) has been found to play an important role in the iron metabolism and hemogenesis. However, little is known about the potential role of DMT1 …             Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia disease progression is associated with increased vaginal microbiome diversity ▶     A. Mitra, D. A. MacIntyre, Y. S. Lee et al.     Persistent infection with oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary for cervical carcinogenesis. Although evidence suggests that the vaginal microbiome plays a functional …             Factors influencing the use of topical repellents: implications for the effectiveness of malaria elimination strategies ▶     Charlotte Gryseels, Sambunny Uk, Vincent Sluydts et al.     In Cambodia, despite an impressive decline in prevalence over the last 10 years, malaria is still a public health problem in some parts of the country. This is partly due to …             History and origin of the HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in South Africa and the greater southern African region ▶     Eduan Wilkinson, Susan Engelbrecht, Tulio de Oliveira     HIV has spread at an alarming rate in South Africa, making it the country with the highest number of HIV infections. Several studies have investigated the histories of HIV-1 …             Association of specific frequency bands of functional MRI signal oscillations with motor symptoms and depression in Parkinson’s disease ▶     Xiaopeng Song, Xiao Hu, Shuqin Zhou et al.     A novel empirical mode decomposition method was adopted to investigate the dissociative or interactive neural impact of depression and motor impairments in Parkinson’s disease …             Trypanosoma cruzi P21: a potential novel target for chagasic cardiomyopathy therapy ▶     Thaise Lara Teixeira, Fabrício Castro Machado, Aline Alves da Silva et al.     Chagas disease, which is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important cause of cardiomyopathy in Latin America. It is estimated that 10%–30% of all infected …             Long-term maintenance of human induced pluripotent stem cells by automated cell culture system ▶     Shuhei Konagaya, Takeshi Ando, Toshiaki Yamauchi et al.     Pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, are regarded as new sources for cell replacement therapy. These cells can …             Highly-accurate metabolomic detection of early-stage ovarian cancer ▶     David A. Gaul, Roman Mezencev, Tran Q. Long et al.     High performance mass spectrometry was employed to interrogate the serum metabolome of early-stage ovarian cancer (OC) patients and age-matched control women. The resulting …             Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Monitoring the Early Response to ZD6474 from Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Nude Mouse ▶     Yanfen Cui, Caiyuan Zhang, Xiaoming Li et al.     Early therapeutic effects of anti-angiogenic agent ZD6474 upon nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in nude mouse were monitored by using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) …             Targeted Proteomics Enables Simultaneous Quantification of Folate Receptor Isoforms and Potential Isoform-based Diagnosis in Breast Cancer ▶     Ting Yang, Feifei Xu, Danjun Fang et al.     The distinct roles of protein isoforms in cancer are becoming increasingly evident. FRα and FRβ, two major isoforms of the folate receptor family, generally have different …             Investigation of Pathogenic Genes in Chinese sporadic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients by Whole Exome Sequencing ▶     Jing Xu, Zhongshan Li, Xianguo Ren et al.     Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiovascular disease with high heterogeneity. 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