Scientific Reports Table of Contents e-alert: 31 May 2016

If you are unable to see the message below, click here to view.

31 May 2016      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               nature.com webcasts Nature Publishing Group presents a custom webcast on: Overcoming current challenges with 3D cell culturing Wednesday June 15, 2016 8AM PDT, 11AM EDT, 4PM BST, 5PM CEST Register for the webcast and live Q&A session Sponsored by: Lonza Bioscience Solutions Custom webcast: sponsor retains sole responsibility for content               Jump to the content that matters to you ▼ Biological Sciences   ▼ Chemical Sciences   ▼ Physical Sciences   ▼ Earth & Environmental Sciences   ▼ Health Sciences                 Nature Outlook Open Innovation In the competitive world of drug discovery and development, secrecy is no longer as important as it was. As it has become more difficult and costly to produce therapies, competitors have begun to view greater collaboration and openness as a way to improve the efficiency of research. Available free online Produced with support from Boehringer Ingelheim               Biological Sciences ▲ top               Determinants of the N content of Quercus wutaishanica leaves in the Loess Plateau: a structural equation modeling approach ▶     Kaixiong Xing, Muyi Kang, Han Y. H. Chen et al.     Most terrestrial ecosystems are nitrogen (N)-limited. The elucidation of the multivariate relationships among environmental drivers, leaf morphological traits, and foliar N of …             TaMCA1, a regulator of cell death, is important for the interaction between wheat and Puccinia striiformis ▶     Yingbin Hao, Xiaojie Wang, Kang Wang et al.     Metacaspase orthologs are conserved in fungi, protozoa and plants, however, their roles in plant disease resistance are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a Triticum …             Characterisation of assembly and ubiquitylation by the RBCC motif of Trim5α ▶     Jeremy R. Keown, Joy X. Yang, Jordan Douglas et al.     The post-entry restriction factor Trim5α blocks infection of retroviral pathogens shortly after the virus gains entry to the cell, preventing reverse transcription and …             Interconnection of post-transcriptional regulation: The RNA-binding protein Hfq is a novel target of the Lon protease in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ▶     Lucía Fernández, Elena B. M. Breidenstein, Patrick K. Taylor et al.     Besides being a major opportunistic human pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be found in a wide range of environments. This versatility is linked to complex regulation, which …             Prolonged mitotic arrest induces a caspase-dependent DNA damage response at telomeres that determines cell survival ▶     Karolina O. Hain, Didier J. Colin, Shubhra Rastogi et al.     A delay in the completion of metaphase induces a stress response that inhibits further cell proliferation or induces apoptosis. This response is thought to protect against …             MiRNA-211 suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting SPARC in human hepatocellular carcinoma ▶     Biao Deng, Lei Qu, Jinfang Li et al.     Previous studies have shown that the expression of miR-211 was downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular function and mechanism of miR-211 in HCC …             Donor CD47 controls T cell alloresponses and is required for tolerance induction following hepatocyte allotransplantation ▶     Mingyou Zhang, Hui Wang, Shulian Tan et al.     CD47-deficient hepatocyte transplantation induces rapid innate immune cell activation and subsequent associated graft loss in syngeneic recipients. However, the role of donor …             Innate immune responses in human hepatocyte-derived cell lines alter genotype 1 hepatitis E virus replication efficiencies ▶     Pradip B. Devhare, Swapnil Desai, Kavita S. Lole     Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant health problem in developing countries causing sporadic and epidemic forms of acute viral hepatitis. Hepatitis E is a self-limiting …             ICOS+PD-1+CXCR3+ T follicular helper cells contribute to the generation of high-avidity antibodies following influenza vaccination ▶     Salah-Eddine Bentebibel, Surender Khurana, Nathalie Schmitt et al.     The immune mechanism leading to the generation of protective antibody responses following influenza trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV) vaccinations remains largely …             Natural lecithin promotes neural network complexity and activity ▶     Shahrzad Latifi, Ali Tamayol, Rouhollah Habibey et al.     Phospholipids in the brain cell membranes contain different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are critical to nervous system function and structure. In particular, brain …             A new reassortment of influenza A (H7N9) virus causing human infection in Beijing, 2014 ▶     Yuhai Bi, Jingyuan Liu, Haofeng Xiong et al.     A 73-year-old man was confirmed to have an influenza A (H7N9) virus infection, and the causative agent A/Beijing/02/2014(H7N9) virus was isolated. Genetic and phylogenetic …             Experimental evidence for beneficial effects of projected climate change on hibernating amphibians ▶     Bálint Üveges, Katharina Mahr, Márk Szederkényi et al.     Amphibians are the most threatened vertebrates today, experiencing worldwide declines. In recent years considerable effort was invested in exposing the causes of these declines. …             Three proliferating cell nuclear antigen homologues from Metallosphaera sedula form a head-to-tail heterotrimer ▶     Fumiya Iwata, Hidehiko Hirakawa, Teruyuki Nagamune     Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a sliding clamp that plays a key role in DNA metabolism. Genome sequence analysis has revealed that some crenarchaea possess three …             Biology and survival of extremely halophilic archaeon Haloarcula marismortui RR12 isolated from Mumbai salterns, India in response to salinity stress ▶     Rebecca S. Thombre, Vinaya D. Shinde, Radhika S. Oke et al.     Haloarchaea are unique microorganism’s resistant to environmental and osmotic stresses and thrive in their habitats despite extreme fluctuating salinities. In the present study, …             Roles of Hcp family proteins in the pathogenesis of the porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli type VI secretion system ▶     Ying Peng, Xiangru Wang, Jin Shou et al.     Hcp (hemolysin-coregulated protein) is considered a vital component of the functional T6SS (Type VI Secretion System), which is a newly discovered secretion system. Our …             Continuity of Monolayer-Bilayer Junctions for Localization of Lipid Raft Microdomains in Model Membranes ▶     Yong-Sang Ryu, Nathan J. Wittenberg, Jeng-Hun Suh et al.     We show that the selective localization of cholesterol-rich domains and associated ganglioside receptors prefer to occur in the monolayer across continuous monolayer-bilayer …             Population genetic structure and post-LGM expansion of the plant bug Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae) in China ▶     Huaizhu Xun, Hu Li, Shujuan Li et al.     The plant bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae), is one of the most thermophilous dicyphines in agroecosystems and is widely distributed in China. Little is known …             Farnesiferol c induces apoptosis via regulation of L11 and c-Myc with combinational potential with anticancer drugs in non-small-cell lung cancers ▶     Ji Hoon Jung, Moon Joon Kim, Hyemin Lee et al.     Though Farnesiferol c (FC) has been reported to have anti-angiogenic and antitumor activity, the underlying antitumor mechanism of FC still remains unclear. Thus, in the present …             Thermotolerant yeasts selected by adaptive evolution express heat stress response at 30 °C ▶     Luis Caspeta, Yun Chen, Jens Nielsen     Exposure to long-term environmental changes across >100s of generations results in adapted phenotypes, but little is known about how metabolic and transcriptional responses are …             Ocean acidification reverses the positive effects of seawater pH fluctuations on growth and photosynthesis of the habitat-forming kelp, Ecklonia radiata ▶     Damon Britton, Christopher E. Cornwall, Andrew T. Revill et al.     Ocean acidification (OA) is the reduction in seawater pH due to the absorption of human-released CO2 by the world’s oceans. The average surface oceanic pH is predicted to decline …             High Production of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid in Klebsiella pneumoniae by Systematic Optimization of Glycerol Metabolism ▶     Ying Li, Xi Wang, Xizhen Ge et al.     3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is an important platform chemical proposed by the United States Department of Energy. 3-HP can be converted to a series of bulk chemicals. …             Efficacy of Indian polyvalent snake antivenoms against Sri Lankan snake venoms: lethality studies or clinically focussed in vitro studies ▶     Kalana Maduwage, Anjana Silva, Margaret A. O’Leary et al.     In vitro antivenom efficacy studies were compared to rodent lethality studies to test two Indian snake antivenoms (VINS and BHARAT) against four Sri Lankan snakes. In vitro …             Pathway Compartmentalization in Peroxisome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Produce Versatile Medium Chain Fatty Alcohols ▶     Jiayuan Sheng, Joseph Stevens, Xueyang Feng     Fatty alcohols are value-added chemicals and important components of a variety of industries, which have a >3 billion-dollar global market annually. Long chain fatty alcohols (>…             Visual processing during natural reading ▶     Béla Weiss, Balázs Knakker, Zoltán Vidnyánszky     Reading is a unique human ability that plays a pivotal role in the development and functioning of our modern society. However, its neural basis remains poorly understood since …             Vitamin k3 inhibits protein aggregation: Implication in the treatment of amyloid diseases ▶     Parvez Alam, Sumit Kumar Chaturvedi, Mohammad Khursheed Siddiqi et al.     Protein misfolding and aggregation have been associated with several human diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and familial amyloid polyneuropathy etc. In this study, …             A melanosomal two-pore sodium channel regulates pigmentation ▶     Nicholas W. Bellono, Iliana E. Escobar, Elena Oancea     Intracellular organelles mediate complex cellular functions that often require ion transport across their membranes. Melanosomes are organelles responsible for the synthesis of …             When “Bouba” equals “Kiki”: Cultural commonalities and cultural differences in sound-shape correspondences ▶     Yi-Chuan Chen, Pi-Chun Huang, Andy Woods et al.     It has been suggested that the Bouba/Kiki effect, in which meaningless speech sounds are systematically mapped onto rounded or angular shapes, reflects a universal crossmodal …             An RNA-aptamer-based two-color CRISPR labeling system ▶     Siyuan Wang, Jun-Han Su, Feng Zhang et al.     The spatial organization and dynamics of chromatin play important roles in essential biological functions. However, direct visualization of endogenous genomic loci in living …             AMP-activated protein kinase modulates tau phosphorylation and tau pathology in vivo ▶     Manon Domise, Sébastien Didier, Claudia Marinangeli et al.     Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases commonly known as tauopathies. NFTs result from the intracellular aggregation of …             Protein rethreading: A novel approach to protein design ▶     Sayeh Agah, Sandra Poulos, Austin Yu et al.     Protein engineering is an important tool for the design of proteins with novel and desirable features. Templates from the protein databank (PDB) are often used as initial models …             Genome-wide analysis reveals adaptation to high altitudes in Tibetan sheep ▶     Caihong Wei, Huihua Wang, Gang Liu et al.     Tibetan sheep have lived on the Tibetan Plateau for thousands of years; however, the process and consequences of adaptation to this extreme environment have not been elucidated …             The Balance between Conventional DCs and Plasmacytoid DCs Is Pivotal for Immunological Tolerance during Pregnancy in the Mouse ▶     Wen-ning Fang, Meng Shi, Chao-yang Meng et al.     Dendritic cells (DCs), which can shape their functions depending on the microenvironment, are crucial for the delicate balance of immunity and tolerance during pregnancy. …             Major Histocompatibility Complex class I proteins are critical for maintaining neuronal structural complexity in the aging brain ▶     Maciej J. Lazarczyk, Julia E. Kemmler, Brett A. Eyford et al.     Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) proteins have been implicated in neuronal function through the modulation of neuritogenesis, synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity, …             The novel compound Sul-121 inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in experimental models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ▶     Bing Han, Wilfred J. Poppinga, Haoxiao Zuo et al.     COPD is characterized by persistent airflow limitation, neutrophilia and oxidative stress from endogenous and exogenous insults. Current COPD therapy involving anticholinergics, β…             Disclosing the essentiality of ribose-5-phosphate isomerase B in Trypanosomatids ▶     Joana Faria, Inês Loureiro, Nuno Santarém et al.     Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (RPI) belongs to the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, catalysing the inter-conversion of D-ribose-5-phosphate and …             Corrigendum: Alcohol intake and cardiovascular risk factors: A Mendelian randomisation study ▶     Yoonsu Cho, So-Youn Shin, Sungho Won et al.                 Medial plantar nerve ligation as a novel model of neuropathic pain in mice: pharmacological and molecular characterization ▶     Morena B. Sant’Anna, Ricardo Kusuda, Tiago A. Bozzo et al.     Peripheral neuropathic pain is a consequence of an injury/disease of the peripheral nerves. The mechanisms involved in its pathophysiology are not entirely understood. To better …             Restrictive influence of SAMHD1 on Hepatitis B Virus life cycle ▶     Andreas F. R. Sommer, Lise Rivière, Bingqian Qu et al.     Deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) are essential for efficient hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Here, we investigated the influence of the restriction factor SAMHD1, a …             Transcriptome analysis of human ageing in male skin shows mid-life period of variability and central role of NF-κB ▶     Daniel J. Haustead, Andrew Stevenson, Vishal Saxena et al.     Age is well-known to be a significant factor in both disease pathology and response to treatment, yet the molecular changes that occur with age in humans remain ill-defined. …             Characterizing dynamic local functional connectivity in the human brain ▶     Lifu Deng, Junfeng Sun, Lin Cheng et al.     Functional connectivity (FC), obtained from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), brings insights into the functional organization of the brain. Recently, rich and …             Animal Hairs as Water-stimulated Shape Memory Materials: Mechanism and Structural Networks in Molecular Assemblies ▶     Xueliang Xiao, Jinlian Hu     Animal hairs consisting of α-keratin biopolymers existing broadly in nature may be responsive to water for recovery to the innate shape from their fixed deformation, thus possess …             Identifications of novel mechanisms in breast cancer cells involving duct-like multicellular spheroid formation after exposure to the Random Positioning Machine ▶     Sascha Kopp, Lasse Slumstrup, Thomas J. Corydon et al.     Many cell types form three-dimensional aggregates (MCS; multicellular spheroids), when they are cultured under microgravity. MCS often resemble the organ, from which the cells …             Mechanism of impaired microtubule-dependent peroxisome trafficking and oxidative stress in SPAST-mutated cells from patients with Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia ▶     Gautam Wali, Ratneswary Sutharsan, Yongjun Fan et al.     Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is an inherited neurological condition that leads to progressive spasticity and gait abnormalities. Adult-onset HSP is most commonly caused by …             Genome-wide differential expression of genes and small RNAs in testis of two different porcine breeds and at two different ages ▶     Yao Li, Jialian Li, Chengchi Fang et al.     Some documented evidences proved small RNAs (sRNA) and targeted genes are involved in mammalian testicular development and spermatogenesis. However, the detailed molecular …             Exploring the Inhibitory Mechanism of Approved Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors and Reboxetine Enantiomers by Molecular Dynamics Study ▶     Guoxun Zheng, Weiwei Xue, Panpan Wang et al.     Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (sNRIs) provide an effective class of approved antipsychotics, whose inhibitory mechanism could facilitate the discovery of …             Robotic-assisted surgery versus open surgery in the treatment of rectal cancer: the current evidence ▶     Guixiang Liao, Yan-Bing Li, Zhihong Zhao et al.     The aim of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively compare the safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted rectal cancer surgery (RRCS) and open rectal cancer surgery (ORCS). …             RhBMP-2 Activates Hippo Signaling through RASSF1 in Esophageal Cancer Cells ▶     Soo Mi Kim, Shuai Ye, So-Young Rah et al.     Despite that recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been reported as a stimulatory effecter of cancer cell growth because of its characteristic like …             Histone methyltransferase Ash1L mediates activity-dependent repression of neurexin-1α ▶     Τao Zhu, Chen Liang, Dongdong Li et al.     Activity-dependent transcription is critical for the regulation of long-term synaptic plasticity and plastic rewiring in the brain. Here, we report that the transcription of …             Binding of Human Fibrinogen to MRP Enhances Streptococcus suis Survival in Host Blood in a αXβ2 Integrin-dependent Manner ▶     Yaya Pian, Xueqin Li, Yuling Zheng et al.     The Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2), an important zoonotic pathogen, induces strong systemic infections in humans; sepsis and meningitis are the …             Pharmacokinetically guided algorithm of 5-fluorouracil dosing, a reliable strategy of precision chemotherapy for solid tumors: a meta-analysis ▶     Luo Fang, Wenxiu Xin, Haiying Ding et al.     Precision medicine characterizes a new era of cancer care and provides each patient with the right drug at the right dose and time. However, the practice of precision dosing is …             Protective effect of in ovo treatment with the chicken cathelicidin analog D-CATH-2 against avian pathogenic E. coli ▶     Tryntsje Cuperus, Albert van Dijk, Mieke G. R. Matthijs et al.     Increasing antibiotic resistance and ever stricter control on antibiotic use are a driving force to develop alternatives to antibiotics. One such strategy is the use of …             Identification of lactate dehydrogenase as a mammalian pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-binding protein ▶     Mitsugu Akagawa, Kenji Minematsu, Takahiro Shibata et al.     Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a redox-active o-quinone, is an important nutrient involved in numerous physiological and biochemical processes in mammals. Despite such …             Butyrate upregulates endogenous host defense peptides to enhance disease resistance in piglets via histone deacetylase inhibition ▶     Haitao Xiong, Bingxiu Guo, Zhenshun Gan et al.     Butyrate has been used to treat different inflammatory disease with positive outcomes, the mechanisms by which butyrate exerts its anti-inflammatory effects remain largely …             PGE2 maintains self-renewal of human adult stem cells via EP2-mediated autocrine signaling and its production is regulated by cell-to-cell contact ▶     Byung-Chul Lee, Hyung-Sik Kim, Tae-Hoon Shin et al.     Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess unique immunomodulatory abilities. Many studies have elucidated the clinical efficacy and underlying mechanisms of MSCs in immune disorders. …             The Association Between Low Back Pain and Composition of IgG Glycome ▶     Maxim B. Freidin, Toma Keser, Ivan Gudelj et al.     Low back pain (LBP) is a common debilitating condition which aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP …             Nicotinamide Riboside Opposes Type 2 Diabetes and Neuropathy in Mice ▶     Samuel A.J. Trammell, Benjamin J. Weidemann, Ankita Chadda et al.     Male C57BL/6J mice raised on high fat diet (HFD) become prediabetic and develop insulin resistance and sensory neuropathy. The same mice given low doses of streptozotocin are a …             Haem-assisted dityrosine-cross-linking of fibrinogen under non-thermal plasma exposure: one important mechanism of facilitated blood coagulation ▶     Zhigang Ke, Qing Huang     Although blood coagulation facilitated by non-thermal plasma has been reported several years ago, the insight to the involved mechanisms is still rather limited. In this work, we …             Corosolic acid inhibits the proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells and protects against diabetic renal damage ▶     Xiao-Qiang Li, Wen Tian, Xiao-Xiao Liu et al.     Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to explore the effects of corosolic acid (CA) on the renal damage of DM …             Ciguatoxin reduces regenerative capacity of axotomized peripheral neurons and delays functional recovery in pre-exposed mice after peripheral nerve injury ▶     Ngan Pan Bennett Au, Gajendra Kumar, Pallavi Asthana et al.     Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) results from consumption of tropical reef fish containing ciguatoxins (CTXs). Pacific (P)-CTX-1 is among the most potent known CTXs and the …             Weight gain in anorexia nervosa does not ameliorate the faecal microbiota, branched chain fatty acid profiles, and gastrointestinal complaints ▶     Isabelle Mack, Ulrich Cuntz, Claudia Grämer et al.     The gut microbiota not only influences host metabolism but can also affect brain function and behaviour through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. To explore the potential role of …             Efficient suilysin-mediated invasion and apoptosis in porcine respiratory epithelial cells after streptococcal infection under air-liquid interface conditions ▶     Fandan Meng, Nai-Huei Wu, Maren Seitz et al.     Streptococci may colonize the epithelium in the airways and other entry sites. While local infection often remains asymptomatic, severe or even fatal diseases occur when …             Effect of CLU genetic variants on cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging markers in healthy, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease cohorts ▶     Lin Tan, Hui-Fu Wang, Meng-Shan Tan et al.     The Clusterin (CL) gene, also known as apolipoprotein J (ApoJ), is currently the third most associated late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) risk gene. However, little was known …             Conservation of Terrestrial Vertebrates in a Global Hotspot of Karst Area in Southwestern China ▶     Zhenhua Luo, Songhua Tang, Zhigang Jiang et al.     The karst area of southwest China (KASC) is the largest piece of karst landscape on the earth and a global biodiversity hot-spot with high concentrations of endemic species. …             The coevolution of recognition and social behavior ▶     Rory Smead, Patrick Forber     Recognition of behavioral types can facilitate the evolution of cooperation by enabling altruistic behavior to be directed at other cooperators and withheld from defectors. While …             Intestinal APCs of the endogenous nanomineral pathway fail to express PD-L1 in Crohn’s disease ▶     Jack Robertson, Carolin T. Haas, Laetitia C. Pele et al.     Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition most commonly affecting the ileum and colon. The aetiology of Crohn’s disease is complex and may include defects in …             Allele-specific expression of mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) gene and alternative susceptibility to colorectal cancer in schizophrenia ▶     Yang Wang, Yanfei Cao, Xiaoye Huang et al.     Evidence has indicated that the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) among schizophrenia is lower than normal. To explore this potential protective effect, we employed an …             Systematic analysis of mutation distribution in three dimensional protein structures identifies cancer driver genes ▶     Akihiro Fujimoto, Yukinori Okada, Keith A. Boroevich et al.     Protein tertiary structure determines molecular function, interaction, and stability of the protein, therefore distribution of mutation in the tertiary structure can facilitate …             The Role of Catalase C262T Gene Polymorphism in the Susceptibility and Survival of Cancers ▶     Cheng-Di Wang, Yan Sun, Nan Chen et al.     Catalase (CAT), one antioxidant enzyme, may provide resistance against many diseases. Many previous studies reported predictive and prognostic values of CAT C262T polymorphism in …             Optimization of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to modify abiotic stress responses in plants ▶     Yuriko Osakabe, Takahito Watanabe, Shigeo S Sugano et al.     Genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used to modify plant genomes, however, improvements in specificity and applicability are still needed in order for the editing …             Stigmergy co-ordinates multicellular collective behaviours during Myxococcus xanthus surface migration ▶     Erin S. Gloag, Lynne Turnbull, Muhammad A. Javed et al.     Surface translocation by the soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus is a complex multicellular phenomenon that entails two motility systems. However, the mechanisms by which the …             CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Immunity to Geminiviruses: Differential Interference and Evasion ▶     Zahir Ali, Shakila Ali, Manal Tashkandi et al.     The CRISPR/Cas9 system has recently been used to confer molecular immunity against several eukaryotic viruses, including plant DNA geminiviruses. Here, we provide a detailed …             A genetic polymorphism affects the risk and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma: association with follistatin-like protein 1 expression ▶     Yan Liu, Xue Han, Yongwei Yu et al.     Few single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been identified, yet genetic predisposition contributes significantly to …             Phage selection restores antibiotic sensitivity in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa ▶     Benjamin K. Chan, Mark Sistrom, John E. Wertz et al.     Increasing prevalence and severity of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections has necessitated novel antibacterial strategies. Ideally, new approaches would target …             Sec15 links bud site selection to polarised cell growth and exocytosis in Candida albicans ▶     Pan Pan Guo, Jie Ying Au Yong, Yan Ming Wang et al.     The exocyst plays a crucial role in the targeting of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane during exocytosis. It has been shown to be involved in diverse cellular processes …             Highly specific targeted mutagenesis in plants using Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 ▶     Hidetaka Kaya, Masafumi Mikami, Akira Endo et al.     The CRISPR/Cas9 system is an efficient and convenient tool for genome editing in plants. Cas9 nuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes (Sp) is commonly used in this system. …             Construction of plasmid-free Escherichia coli for the production of arabitol-free xylitol from corncob hemicellulosic hydrolysate ▶     Buli Su, Zhe Zhang, Mianbin Wu et al.     High costs and low production efficiency are a serious constraint to bio-based xylitol production. For industrial-scale production of xylitol, a plasmid-free Escherichia coli for …             Cops2 promotes pluripotency maintenance by Stabilizing Nanog Protein and Repressing Transcription ▶     Weiyu Zhang, Peiling Ni, Chunlin Mou et al.     The COP9 signalosome has been implicated in pluripotency maintenance of human embryonic stem cells. Yet, the mechanism for the COP9 signalosome to regulate pluripotency remains …             Reliability of 3D laser-based anthropometry and comparison with classical anthropometry ▶     Andreas Kuehnapfel, Peter Ahnert, Markus Loeffler et al.     Anthropometric quantities are widely used in epidemiologic research as possible confounders, risk factors, or outcomes. 3D laser-based body scans (BS) allow evaluation of dozens …             Discovery and small RNA profile of Pecan mosaic-associated virus, a novel potyvirus of pecan trees ▶     Xiu Su, Shuai Fu, Yajuan Qian et al.     A novel potyvirus was discovered in pecan (Carya illinoensis) showing leaf mosaic symptom through the use of deep sequencing of small RNAs. The complete genome of this virus was …             Controlled Release of Collagen-Binding SDF-1α Improves Cardiac Function after Myocardial Infarction by Recruiting Endogenous Stem Cells ▶     Jie Sun, Yannan Zhao, Qingguo Li et al.     Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) is a well-characterized chemokine that mobilizes stem cells homing to the ischemic heart, which is beneficial for cardiac regeneration. …             Characterizing the malignancy and drug resistance of cancer cells from their membrane resealing response ▶     T. H. Hui, Z. L. Zhou, H. W. Fong et al.     In this report, we showed that two tumor cell characteristics, namely the malignancy and drug-resistance status can be evaluated by their membrane resealing response. …             Neuron-Like Networks Between Ribosomal Proteins Within the Ribosome ▶     Olivier Poirot, Youri Timsit     From brain to the World Wide Web, information-processing networks share common scale invariant properties. Here, we reveal the existence of neural-like networks at a molecular …             Structural characterization of CYP144A1 – a cytochrome P450 enzyme expressed from alternative transcripts in Mycobacterium tuberculosis ▶     Jude Chenge, Madeline E. Kavanagh, Max D. Driscoll et al.     Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes the disease tuberculosis (TB). The virulent Mtb H37Rv strain encodes 20 cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, many of which are implicated in Mtb …             The control of hyperglycemia by a novel trypsin resistant oral insulin preparation in alloxan induced type I diabetic mice ▶     Sarbashri Bank, Arjun Ghosh, Suman Bhattacharya et al.     A trypsin resistant oral insulin preparation was made by incubating insulin for 2 h at 23 °C with previously boiled cow milk at 100 °C that was coagulated with 0.6 M acetic acid. …             Label-free nonlinear optical microscopy detects early markers for osteogenic differentiation of human stem cells ▶     Arne D. Hofemeier, Henning Hachmeister, Christian Pilger et al.     Tissue engineering by stem cell differentiation is a novel treatment option for bone regeneration. Most approaches for the detection of osteogenic differentiation are invasive or …             Cannabis and tolerance: acute drug impairment as a function of cannabis use history ▶     J. G. Ramaekers, J. H. van Wel, D. B. Spronk et al.     Cannabis use history as predictor of neurocognitive response to cannabis intoxication remains subject to scientific and policy debates. The present study assessed the influence …             Pattern Genes Suggest Functional Connectivity of Organs ▶     Yangmei Qin, Jianbo Pan, Meichun Cai et al.     Human organ, as the basic structural and functional unit in human body, is made of a large community of different cell types that organically bound together. Each organ usually …             Soil Water Balance and Water Use Efficiency of Dryland Wheat in Different Precipitation Years in Response to Green Manure Approach ▶     Dabin Zhang, Pengwei Yao, Zhao Na et al.     Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) monoculture is conventionally cultivated followed by two to three months of summer fallow in the Loess Plateau. To develop a sustainable …             Drug vaping applied to cannabis: Is “Cannavaping” a therapeutic alternative to marijuana? ▶     Vincent Varlet, Nicolas Concha-Lozano, Aurélie Berthet et al.     Therapeutic cannabis administration is increasingly used in Western countries due to its positive role in several pathologies. Dronabinol or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) pills, …             The Evx1/Evx1as gene locus regulates anterior-posterior patterning during gastrulation ▶     Charles C. Bell, Paulo P. Amaral, Anton Kalsbeek et al.     Thousands of sense-antisense mRNA-lncRNA gene pairs occur in the mammalian genome. While there is usually little doubt about the function of the coding transcript, the function …             Solution structure and binding specificity of the p63 DNA binding domain ▶     Andreas Enthart, Christian Klein, Alexander Dehner et al.     p63 is a close homologue of p53 and, together with p73, is grouped into the p53 family of transcription factors. p63 is known to be involved in the induction of controlled …             Heat generation and light scattering of green fluorescent protein-like pigments in coral tissue ▶     Niclas H. Lyndby, Michael Kühl, Daniel Wangpraseurt     Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like pigments have been proposed to have beneficial effects on coral photobiology. Here, we investigated the relationships between green …             An ultra-high density linkage map and QTL mapping for sex and growth-related traits of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) ▶     Wenzhu Peng, Jian Xu, Yan Zhang et al.     High density genetic linkage maps are essential for QTL fine mapping, comparative genomics and high quality genome sequence assembly. In this study, we constructed a high-density …             Quantitative trait locus analysis of body shape divergence in nine-spined sticklebacks based on high-density SNP-panel ▶     Jing Yang, Baocheng Guo, Takahito Shikano et al.     Heritable phenotypic differences between populations, caused by the selective effects of distinct environmental conditions, are of commonplace occurrence in nature. However, the …             Improved intra-array and interarray normalization of peptide microarray phosphorylation for phosphorylome and kinome profiling by rational selection of relevant spots ▶     Jetse Scholma, Gwenny M. Fuhler, Jos Joore et al.     Massive parallel analysis using array technology has become the mainstay for analysis of genomes and transcriptomes. Analogously, the predominance of phosphorylation as a …             First-in-class small molecule potentiators of cancer virotherapy ▶     Mark H. Dornan, Ramya Krishnan, Andrew M. Macklin et al.     The use of engineered viral strains such as gene therapy vectors and oncolytic viruses (OV) to selectively destroy cancer cells is poised to make a major impact in the clinic and …             Budding of Tiger Frog Virus (an Iridovirus) from HepG2 Cells via Three Ways Recruits the ESCRT Pathway ▶     Shu Mi, Xiao-Wei Qin, Yi-Fan Lin et al.     The cellular endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway is a multifunctional pathway involved in cell physiological activities. While the majority of RNA …             Changing motor perception by sensorimotor conflicts and body ownership ▶     R. Salomon, N. B. Fernandez, M. van Elk et al.     Experimentally induced sensorimotor conflicts can result in a loss of the feeling of control over a movement (sense of agency). These findings are typically interpreted in terms …             Human iPSC-derived osteoblasts and osteoclasts together promote bone regeneration in 3D biomaterials ▶     Ok Hee Jeon, Leelamma M. Panicker, Qiaozhi Lu et al.     Bone substitutes can be designed to replicate physiological structure and function by creating a microenvironment that supports crosstalk between bone and immune cells found in …             Use of recombinant porcine β-defensin 2 as a medicated feed additive for weaned piglets ▶     Zixin Peng, Anru Wang, Linqi Xie et al.     Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in piglets is associated with colonization of the intestine with bacterial pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the use of recombinant porcine …             The Magea gene cluster regulates male germ cell apoptosis without affecting the fertility in mice ▶     Siyuan Hou, Li Xian, Peiliang Shi et al.     While apoptosis is essential for male germ cell development, improper activation of apoptosis in the testis can affect spermatogenesis and cause reproduction defects. Members of …             Dynamic spatial patterns of leaf traits affect total respiration on the crown scale ▶     Xiaolin Wang, Hongxuan Zhou, Fengsen Han et al.     Temporal and spatial variations of leaf traits caused conflicting conclusions and great estimating errors of total carbon budget on crown scales. However, there is no effective …             NLRP3 Deficiency Reduces Macrophage Interleukin-10 Production and Enhances the Susceptibility to Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity ▶     Motoi Kobayashi, Fumitake Usui, Tadayoshi Karasawa et al.     NLRP3 inflammasomes recognize non-microbial danger signals and induce release of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β, leading to sterile inflammation in cardiovascular …             Vaginal Dysbiosis from an Evolutionary Perspective ▶     Natalia Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, Scott E Gygax, Edward Dick Jr. et al.     Evolutionary approaches are powerful tools for understanding human disorders. The composition of vaginal microbiome is important for reproductive success and has not yet been …             Epigenetic inactivation of the CpG demethylase TET1 as a DNA methylation feedback loop in human cancers ▶     Lili Li, Chen Li, Haitao Mao et al.     Promoter CpG methylation is a fundamental regulatory process of gene expression. TET proteins are active CpG demethylases converting 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, …             Electrophysiology Alterations in Primary Visual Cortex Neurons of Retinal Degeneration (S334ter-line-3) Rats ▶     Ke Chen, Yi Wang, Xiaohua Liang et al.     The dynamic nature of the brain is critical for the success of treatments aimed at restoring vision at the retinal level. The success of these treatments relies highly on the …             SALM5 trans-synaptically interacts with LAR-RPTPs in a splicing-dependent manner to regulate synapse development ▶     Yeonsoo Choi, Jungyong Nam, Daniel J. Whitcomb et al.     Synaptogenic adhesion molecules play critical roles in synapse formation. SALM5/Lrfn5, a SALM/Lrfn family adhesion molecule implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and …             Up-regulated extracellular matrix components and inflammatory chemokines may impair the regeneration of cholestatic liver ▶     Shuai Zhang, Tao-Sheng Li, Akihiko Soyama et al.     Although the healthy liver is known to have high regenerative potential, poor liver regeneration under pathological conditions remains a substantial problem. We investigated the …             Interleukin-37 expression and its potential role in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma ▶     Lin Lin, Jiayi Wang, Dongjuan Liu et al.     Interleukin 37 (IL-37) has been reported to play a significant role in innate immune response and to be involved in several kinds of cancers. However, the investigation of …             Efficient antitumor effect of co-drug-loaded nanoparticles with gelatin hydrogel by local implantation ▶     Hao Zhang, Yong Tian, Zhenshu Zhu et al.     Tetrandrine (Tet) could enhance the antitumor effect of Paclitaxel (Ptx) by increasing intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, which leads to the possibility of …             Renal Nitric Oxide Deficiency and Chronic Kidney Disease in Young Sheep Born with a Solitary Functioning Kidney ▶     Reetu R. Singh, Lawrence K. Easton, Lindsea C. Booth et al.     Previously, we demonstrated that renal hemodynamic responses to nitric oxide (NO) inhibition were attenuated in aged, hypertensive sheep born with a solitary functioning kidney …             Vagus Nerve Stimulation Exerts the Neuroprotective Effects in Obese-Insulin Resistant Rats, Leading to the Improvement of Cognitive Function ▶     Titikorn Chunchai, Bencharunan Samniang, Jirapas Sripetchwandee et al.     Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy was shown to improve peripheral insulin sensitivity. However, the effects of chronic VNS therapy on brain insulin sensitivity, dendritic …             Dynamic enhancement patterns of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis on contrast-enhanced computed tomography: risk of misdiagnosis as hepatocellular carcinoma ▶     Rui Li, Ping Cai, Kuan-sheng Ma et al.     This study aimed to assess the features of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) at computerized tomography (CT) and verify the risk of misdiagnosis of ICC as hepatocellular …             Alpha-ketoglutarate promotes skeletal muscle hypertrophy and protein synthesis through Akt/mTOR signaling pathways ▶     Xingcai Cai, Canjun Zhu, Yaqiong Xu et al.     Skeletal muscle weight loss is accompanied by small fiber size and low protein content. Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) participates in protein and nitrogen metabolism. The effect of …             Design strategy of surface decoration for efficient delivery of nanoparticles by computer simulation ▶     Hong-ming Ding, Yu-qiang Ma     Understanding the role of surface decoration of nanoparticles in protein adsorption and cellular uptake is of great importance in biomedicine. Here, by using dissipative particle …             MicroRNA-126 contributes to Niaspan treatment induced vascular restoration after diabetic retinopathy ▶     Yang Wang, Hua Yan     Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes and a major cause of blindness in the developing world. Early diabetic retinopathy is characterized …             The significance of droughts for hyporheic dwellers: evidence from freshwater crayfish ▶     Antonín Kouba, Jan Tíkal, Petr Císař et al.     Freshwater biodiversity is globally threatened by various factors while severe weather events like long-term droughts may be substantially devastating. In order to remain in …             Low-dose irradiation promotes Rad51 expression by down-regulating miR-193b-3p in hepatocytes ▶     Eon-Seok Lee, Yeo Jin Won, Byoung-Chul Kim et al.     Current evidence indicates that there is a relationship between microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing and low-dose irradiation (LDIR) responses. Here, alterations of miRNA …             Transcriptome analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae treated with the designed antimicrobial peptides, DM3 ▶     Cheng-Foh Le, Ranganath Gudimella, Rozaimi Razali et al.     In our previous studies, we generated a short 13 amino acid antimicrobial peptide (AMP), DM3, showing potent antipneumococcal activity in vitro and in vivo. Here we analyse the …             Impact of Different Promoters on Episomal Vectors Harbouring Characteristic Motifs of Matrix Attachment Regions ▶     Xiao-Yin Wang, Jun-He Zhang, Xi Zhang et al.     We previously demonstrated that the characteristic sequence of matrix attachment regions (MARs) allows transgenes to be maintained episomally in CHO cells. In the present study, …             Glucocorticoid receptor isoforms direct distinct mitochondrial programs to regulate ATP production ▶     David J. Morgan, Toryn M. Poolman, Andrew J. K. Williamson et al.     The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a nuclear receptor and major drug target, has a highly conserved minor splice variant, GRγ, which differs by a single arginine within the DNA …             Effect of short-term room temperature storage on the microbial community in infant fecal samples ▶     Yong Guo, Sheng-Hui Li, Ya-Shu Kuang et al.     Sample storage conditions are important for unbiased analysis of microbial communities in metagenomic studies. Specifically, for infant gut microbiota studies, stool specimens …             Automated Axon Counting in Rodent Optic Nerve Sections with AxonJ ▶     Kasra Zarei, Todd E. Scheetz, Mark Christopher et al.     We have developed a publicly available tool, AxonJ, which quantifies the axons in optic nerve sections of rodents stained with paraphenylenediamine (PPD). In this study, we …             Once daily administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, attenuates markers of renal fibrosis without improving albuminuria in diabetic db/db mice ▶     Linda A. Gallo, Micheal S. Ward, Amelia K. Fotheringham et al.     Blood glucose control is the primary strategy to prevent complications in diabetes. At the onset of kidney disease, therapies that inhibit components of the renin angiotensin …             A neuroendocrine role for chemerin in hypothalamic remodelling and photoperiodic control of energy balance ▶     Gisela Helfer, Alexander W. Ross, Lynn M. Thomson et al.     Long-term and reversible changes in body weight are typical of seasonal animals. Thyroid hormone (TH) and retinoic acid (RA) within the tanycytes and ependymal cells of the …             TLR signals posttranscriptionally regulate the cytokine trafficking mediator sortilin ▶     Toshiki Yabe-Wada, Shintaro Matsuba, Kazuya Takeda et al.     Regulating the transcription, translation and secretion of cytokines is crucial for controlling the appropriate balance of inflammation. Here we report that the sorting receptor …             HIV-dependent depletion of influenza-specific memory B cells impacts B cell responsiveness to seasonal influenza immunisation ▶     Adam K. Wheatley, Anne B. Kristensen, William N. Lay et al.     Infection with HIV drives significant alterations in B cell phenotype and function that can markedly influence antibody responses to immunisation. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) …             Serpin peptidase inhibitor (SERPINB5) haplotypes are associated with susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma ▶     Shun-Fa Yang, Chao-Bin Yeh, Ying-Erh Chou et al.     Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The serpin peptidase inhibitor SERPINB5 is a tumour-suppressor gene that …             Layered Double Hydroxide Nanotransporter for Molecule Delivery to Intact Plant Cells ▶     Wenlong Bao, Junya Wang, Qiang Wang et al.     Here we report a powerful method that facilitates the transport of biologically active materials across the cell wall barrier in plant cells. Positively charged delaminated …             A controlled double-duration inducible gene expression system for cartilage tissue engineering ▶     Ying Ma, Junxiang Li, Yi Yao et al.     Cartilage engineering that combines competent seeding cells and a compatible scaffold is increasingly gaining popularity and is potentially useful for the treatment of various …             Abundance and Temperature Dependency of Protein-Protein Interaction Revealed by Interface Structure Analysis and Stability Evolution ▶     Yi-Ming He, Bin-Guang Ma     Protein complexes are major forms of protein-protein interactions and implement essential biological functions. The subunit interface in a protein complex is related to its …             G-protein coupling and nuclear translocation of the human abscisic acid receptor LANCL2 ▶     Chiara Fresia, Tiziana Vigliarolo, Lucrezia Guida et al.     Abscisic acid (ABA), a long known phytohormone, has been recently demonstrated to be present also in humans, where it targets cells of the innate immune response, mesenchymal and …             Composition and aggregation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in hyperhaline and municipal wastewater treatment plants ▶     Jie Zeng, Jun-Min Gao, You-Peng Chen et al.     As important constituents of activated sludge flocs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in pollutants adsorption, the formation and maintenance of …             Terminator Operon Reporter: combining a transcription termination switch with reporter technology for improved gene synthesis and synthetic biology applications ▶     Massimiliano Zampini, Luis A. J. Mur, Pauline Rees Stevens et al.     Synthetic biology is characterized by the development of novel and powerful DNA fabrication methods and by the application of engineering principles to biology. The current study …             Phylogenomic approaches to determine the zoonotic potential of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from Zambian dairy cattle ▶     Geoffrey Mainda, Nadejda Lupolova, Linda Sikakwa et al.     This study assessed the prevalence and zoonotic potential of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) sampled from 104 dairy units in the central region of Zambia and …             Understanding the dimorphic lifestyles of human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori using the SWATH-based proteomics approach ▶     Mun Fai Loke, Chow Goon Ng, Yeespana Vilashni et al.     Helicobacter pylori may reside in the human stomach as two morphological forms: the culturable spiral form and the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) coccoid form. This bacterium …             Fatigue related impairments in oculomotor control are prevented by caffeine ▶     Charlotte J. W. Connell, Benjamin Thompson, Gustav Kuhn et al.     Strenuous exercise can result in an inability of the central nervous system to drive skeletal muscle effectively, a phenomenon known as central fatigue. The impact of central …             The minimal amount of starting DNA for Agilent’s hybrid capture-based targeted massively parallel sequencing ▶     Jongsuk Chung, Dae-Soon Son, Hyo-Jeong Jeon et al.     Targeted capture massively parallel sequencing is increasingly being used in clinical settings, and as costs continue to decline, use of this technology may become routine in …             RNAi down-regulation of cinnamate-4-hydroxylase increases artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua ▶     Ritesh Kumar, Divya Vashisth, Amita Misra et al.     Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) converts trans-cinnamic acid (CA) to p-coumaric acid (COA) in the phenylpropanoid/lignin biosynthesis pathway. Earlier we reported increased …             Self-assembly of PEGylated tetra-phenylalanine derivatives: structural insights from solution and solid state studies ▶     Carlo Diaferia, Flavia Anna Mercurio, Cinzia Giannini et al.     Water soluble fibers of PEGylated tetra-phenylalanine (F4), chemically modified at the N-terminus with the DOTA chelating agent, have been proposed as innovative contrast agent …             Open and closed evolutionary paths for drastic morphological changes, involving serial gene duplication, sub-functionalization, and selection ▶     Gembu Abe, Shu-Hua Lee, Ing-Jia Li et al.     Twin-tail goldfish strains are examples of drastic morphological alterations that emerged through domestication. Although this mutation is known to be caused by deficiency of one …             TMPyP4 promotes cancer cell migration at low doses, but induces cell death at high doses ▶     Xiao-Hui Zheng, Xin Nie, Hai-Ying Liu et al.     TMPyP4 is widely considered as a potential photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy and a G-quadruplex stabilizer for telomerase-based cancer therapeutics. However, its biological …             Accuracy of heritability estimations in presence of hidden population stratification ▶     Claire Dandine-Roulland, Céline Bellenguez, Stéphanie Debette et al.     The heritability of a trait is the proportion of its variance explained by genetic factors; it has historically been estimated using familial data. However, new methods have …             Genomic features of uncultured methylotrophs in activated-sludge microbiomes grown under different enrichment procedures ▶     Kazuki Fujinawa, Yusuke Asai, Morio Miyahara et al.     Methylotrophs are organisms that are able to grow on C1 compounds as carbon and energy sources. They play important roles in the global carbon cycle and contribute largely to …             MicroRNA-146a suppresses ROCK1 allowing hyperphosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer’s disease ▶     Gang Wang, Yue Huang, Li-Ling Wang et al.     MicroRNA-146a is upregulated in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we show that the rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) is a …             In Vivo Visualization of Stromal Macrophages via label-free FLIM-based metabolite imaging ▶     Joseph M. Szulczewski, David R. Inman, David Entenberg et al.     Macrophage infiltration and recruitment in breast tumors has been correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients and has been linked to tumor cell dissemination. Much …             Isoeugenol is a selective potentiator of camptothecin cytotoxicity in vertebrate cells lacking TDP1 ▶     Waheba Elsayed, Lamia El-Shafie, Mohamed K. Hassan et al.     Camptothecin (CPT), a topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitor, exhibits anti-tumor activity against a wide range of tumors. Redundancy of TOP1-mediated repair mechanisms is a major …             Perceptual conflict during sensorimotor integration processes - a neurophysiological study in response inhibition ▶     Witold X. Chmielewski, Christian Beste     A multitude of sensory inputs needs to be processed during sensorimotor integration. A crucial factor for detecting relevant information is its complexity, since information …             The protein PprI provides protection against radiation injury in human and mouse cells ▶     Yi Shi, Wei Wu, Huiping Qiao et al.     Severe acute radiation injuries are both very lethal and exceptionally difficult to treat. Though the radioresistant bacterium D. radiodurans was first characterized in 1956, …             Discriminative gene co-expression network analysis uncovers novel modules involved in the formation of phosphate deficiency-induced root hairs in Arabidopsis ▶     Jorge E. Salazar-Henao, Wen-Dar Lin, Wolfgang Schmidt     Cell fate and differentiation in the Arabidopsis root epidermis are genetically defined but remain plastic to environmental signals such as limited availability of inorganic …             Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Granules Have no Phospholipids ▶     Stephanie Bresan, Anna Sznajder, Waldemar Hauf et al.     Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules, also designated as carbonosomes, are supra-molecular complexes in prokaryotes consisting of a PHB polymer core and a surface layer of …             Perceiving object affordances through visual and linguistic pathways: A comparative study ▶     Zuo Zhang, Yaoru Sun, Glyn W. Humphreys     It is known that both perceiving visual objects and reading object names automatically activate associated motor codes and modulate motor responses. We examined the nature of …             Comparative Mitochondrial Genome Analysis of Eligma narcissus and other Lepidopteran Insects Reveals Conserved Mitochondrial Genome Organization and Phylogenetic Relationships ▶     Li-Shang Dai, Bao-Jian Zhu, Yue Zhao et al.     In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of Eligma narcissus and compared it with 18 other lepidopteran species. The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) was a …             miR-9 and miR-124 synergistically affect regulation of dendritic branching via the AKT/GSK3β pathway by targeting Rap2a ▶     Qian Xue, Caiyong Yu, Yan Wang et al.     A single microRNA (miRNA) can regulate expression of multiple proteins, and expression of an individual protein may be controlled by numerous miRNAs. This regulatory pattern …             Molecular Architecture of  Yeast Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 ▶     Daegeun Kim, Dheva Setiaputra, Taeyang Jung et al.     Chromatin Assembly Complex 1 (CAF-1) is a major histone chaperone involved in deposition of histone H3 and H4 into nucleosome. CAF-1 is composed of three subunits; p150, p60 and …             Engineering the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan to create an effective chicken vaccine ▶     Harald Nothaft, Brandi Davis, Yee Ying Lock et al.     Campylobacter jejuni is a predominant cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Source-attribution studies indicate that chickens are the main reservoir for infection, thus …             Paradoxical activation of MEK/ERK signaling induced by B-Raf inhibition enhances DR5 expression and DR5 activation-induced apoptosis in Ras-mutant cancer cells ▶     You-Take Oh, Jiusheng Deng, Ping Yue et al.     B-Raf inhibitors have been used for the treatment of some B-Raf–mutated cancers. They effectively inhibit B-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in cancers harboring mutant B-Raf, but …             Corrigendum: Identification of two novel Chlorotoxin derivatives CA4 and CTX-23 with chemotherapeutic and anti-angiogenic potential ▶     Tengfei Xu, Zheng Fan, Wenxin Li et al.                 Inhibition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on pathogenic biofilm formation and invasion to host cells ▶     Qilin Yu, Jianrong Li, Yueqi Zhang et al.     Owing to the growing infectious diseases caused by eukaryotic and prokaryotic pathogens, it is urgent to develop novel antimicrobial agents against clinical pathogenic …             Fungal endophytes of Catharanthus roseus enhance vindoline content by modulating structural and regulatory genes related to terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis ▶     Shiv S. Pandey, Sucheta Singh, C. S. Vivek Babu et al.     Not much is known about the mechanism of endophyte-mediated induction of secondary metabolite production in Catharanthus roseus. In the present study two fungal endophytes, …             Vitamin D expenditure is not altered in pregnancy and lactation despite changes in vitamin D metabolite concentrations ▶     Kerry S Jones, Shima Assar, Ann Prentice et al.     Pregnancy and lactation are associated with changes in vitamin D and calcium metabolism but the impact of these changes on vitamin D expenditure is unknown. We measured plasma …             High-throughput and Cost-effective Chicken Genotyping Using Next-Generation Sequencing ▶     Fábio Pértille, Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna, Vinicius Henrique da Silva et al.     Chicken genotyping is becoming common practice in conventional animal breeding improvement. Despite the power of high-throughput methods for genotyping, their high cost limits …             Antennal transcriptome analysis of the Asian longhorned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis ▶     Ping Hu, Jingzhen Wang, Mingming Cui et al.     Olfactory proteins form the basis of insect olfactory recognition, which is crucial for host identification, mating, and oviposition. Using transcriptome analysis of Anoplophora …             Preservation of Archaeal Surface Layer Structure During Mineralization ▶     Adrienne Kish, Jennyfer Miot, Carine Lombard et al.     Proteinaceous surface layers (S-layers) are highly ordered, crystalline structures commonly found in prokaryotic cell envelopes that augment their structural stability and modify …             FAM83H and casein kinase I regulate the organization of the keratin cytoskeleton and formation of desmosomes ▶     Takahisa Kuga, Mitsuho Sasaki, Toshinari Mikami et al.     FAM83H is essential for the formation of dental enamel because a mutation in the FAM83H gene causes amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). We previously reported that the overexpression …             Potential pest transfer mediated by international ornamental plant trade ▶     Jiří Patoka, Martin Bláha, Lukáš Kalous et al.     In recent years, the keeping of ornamental freshwater animals and plants in garden ponds has been growing in popularity. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the …             Identification of heterologous Torque Teno Viruses in humans and swine ▶     Marvin A. Ssemadaali, Karl Effertz, Pankaj Singh et al.     Torque Teno Viruses (TTVs) are ubiquitous viruses which are highly prevalent in several mammalian species. Human TTV’s are epidemiologically associated with several human disease …             Identification of Leishmania donovani Topoisomerase 1 inhibitors via intuitive scaffold hopping and bioisosteric modification of known Top 1 inhibitors ▶     Rajinikanth Mamidala, Papiya Majumdar, Kunal Kumar Jha et al.     A library of arylidenefuropyridinediones was discovered as potent inhibitors of Leishmania donovani Topoisomerase 1 (LdTop1) where the active molecules displayed considerable …             Phylogeographic analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patients using multiplex PCR-based next generation sequencing ▶     Won-Keun Kim, Jeong-Ah Kim, Dong Hyun Song et al.     Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases caused by RNA viruses pose a critical public health threat. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful technology to define …             Abnormal intrinsic dynamics of dendritic spines in a fragile X syndrome mouse model in vivo ▶     Akira Nagaoka, Hiroaki Takehara, Akiko Hayashi-Takagi et al.     Dendritic spine generation and elimination play an important role in learning and memory, the dynamics of which have been examined within the neocortex in vivo. Spine turnover …             State-space models’ dirty little secrets: even simple linear Gaussian models can have estimation problems ▶     Marie Auger-Méthé, Chris Field, Christoffer M. Albertsen et al.     State-space models (SSMs) are increasingly used in ecology to model time-series such as animal movement paths and population dynamics. This type of hierarchical model is often …             Alterations in voltage-sensing of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in ANT1-deficient cells ▶     Judit Doczi, Beata Torocsik, Andoni Echaniz-Laguna et al.     The probability of mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore opening is inversely related to the magnitude of the proton electrochemical gradient. The module conferring …             Essential amino acids: master regulators of nutrition and environmental footprint? ▶     Paolo Tessari, Anna Lante, Giuliano Mosca     The environmental footprint of animal food production is considered several-fold greater than that of crops cultivation. Therefore, the choice between animal and vegetarian diets …             Unique spectral markers discern recurrent Glioblastoma cells from heterogeneous parent population ▶     Ekjot Kaur, Aditi Sahu, Arti R. Hole et al.     An inability to discern resistant cells from bulk tumour cell population contributes to poor prognosis in Glioblastoma. Here, we compared parent and recurrent cells generated …             Involvement of the P2X7-NLRP3 axis in leukemic cell proliferation and death ▶     Erica Salaro, Alessia Rambaldi, Simonetta Falzoni et al.     Lymphocyte growth and differentiation are modulated by extracellular nucleotides and P2 receptors. We previously showed that the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R or P2RX7) is overexpressed …             Multicolour Multilevel STED nanoscopy of Actin/Spectrin Organization at Synapses ▶     Sven C. Sidenstein, Elisa D’Este, Marvin J. Böhm et al.     Superresolution fluorescence microscopy of multiple fluorophores still requires development. Here we present simultaneous three-colour stimulated emission depletion (STED) …             Evaluation of serum nucleoside diphosphate kinase A for the detection of colorectal cancer ▶     Olalla Otero-Estévez, Loretta De Chiara, Leticia Barcia-Castro et al.     We previously described the over-expression of nucleoside diphosphate kinase A (NDKA) in tumours and serum from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, suggesting its use as biomarker. …             HPTLC-aptastaining – Innovative protein detection system for high-performance thin-layer chromatography ▶     Lena Morschheuser, Hauke Wessels, Christina Pille et al.     Protein analysis using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is not commonly used but can complement traditional electrophoretic and mass spectrometric approaches in …             Analysis of receptor tyrosine kinase genetics identifies two novel risk loci in GAS6 and PROS1 in Behçet’s disease ▶     Jieying Qin, Lin Li, Donglei Zhang et al.     The TAM kinase (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) and its two ligands (Gas6 and protein S) have been shown to play an important regulatory role in the innate immune response. The present study …             Increased sensitivity of BRCA defective triple negative breast tumors to plumbagin through induction of DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSB) ▶     Rakesh Sathish Nair, Jerald Mahesh Kumar, Jedy Jose et al.     We have earlier shown that Plumbagin (PB) can induce selective cytotoxicity to BRCA1 defective ovarian cancer cells; however, the effect of this molecule in BRCA1 mutated breast …             Exercise-like effects by Estrogen-related receptor-gamma in muscle do not prevent insulin resistance in db/db mice ▶     Pierre-Marie Badin, Isabelle K. Vila, Danesh H. Sopariwala et al.     Dissecting exercise-mimicking pathways that can replicate the benefits of exercise in obesity and diabetes may lead to promising treatments for metabolic disorders. Muscle …             Network Signatures of IgG Immune Repertoires in Hepatitis B Associated Chronic Infection and Vaccination Responses ▶     Ya-Hui Chang, Hui-Chung Kuan, T. C. Hsieh et al.     The repertoire of IgG antibody responses to infection and vaccination varies depending on the characteristics of the immunogen and the ability of the host to mount a protective …             Combinations of Oseltamivir and T-705 Extend the Treatment Window for Highly Pathogenic Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in Mice ▶     Bindumadhav M. Marathe, Sook-San Wong, Peter Vogel et al.     Current anti-influenza therapy depends on administering drugs soon after infection, which is often impractical. We assessed whether combinations of oseltamivir (a neuraminidase …             Structure-based site-directed photo-crosslinking analyses of multimeric cell-adhesive interactions of voltage-gated sodium channel β subunits ▶     Hideaki Shimizu, Haruko Miyazaki, Noboru Ohsawa et al.     The β1, β2, and β4 subunits of voltage-gated sodium channels reportedly function as cell adhesion molecules. The present crystallographic analysis of the β4 extracellular domain …             Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Tissue Interstitial Fluid for Identification of Novel Serum Candidate Diagnostic Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma ▶     Wei Sun, Baocai Xing, Lihai Guo et al.     Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignant cancer in the world. The sensitivity of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is still inadequate for HCC diagnosis. Tissue …             A novel polysaccharide from Sargassum integerrimum induces apoptosis in A549 cells and prevents angiogensis in vitro and in vivo ▶     Ge Liu, Shan Kuang, Shimei Wu et al.     Many polysaccharides isolated from plants have exhibited promising antitumor activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the antitumor activity of the novel …             Ectodomain Architecture Affects Sequence and Functional Evolution of Vertebrate Toll-like Receptors ▶     Jinlan Wang, Zheng Zhang, Jing Liu et al.     Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial components of innate immunity that specifically recognize diverse pathogen-associated molecular patterns from pathogens. The continuous …             RAC-tagging: Recombineering And Cas9-assisted targeting for protein tagging and conditional analyses ▶     Oliver Baker, Ashish Gupta, Mandy Obst et al.     A fluent method for gene targeting to establish protein tagged and ligand inducible conditional loss-of-function alleles is described. We couple new recombineering applications …             Functional definition of BirA suggests a biotin utilization pathway in the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis ▶     Huiyan Ye, Mingzhu Cai, Huimin Zhang et al.     Biotin protein ligase is universal in three domains of life. The paradigm version of BPL is the Escherichia coli BirA that is also a repressor for the biotin biosynthesis …             Induction of wheat straw delignification by Trametes species ▶     Aleksandar Knežević, Mirjana Stajić, Vladimir M. Jovanović et al.     Wheat straw is the major crop residue in European countries which makes it the most promising material for bioconversion into biofuels. However, cellulose and hemicellulose are …             The transition from evolutionary stability to branching: A catastrophic evolutionary shift ▶     Fabio Dercole, Fabio Della Rossa, Pietro Landi     Evolutionary branching—resident-mutant coexistence under disruptive selection—is one of the main contributions of Adaptive Dynamics (AD), the mathematical framework introduced by …             Phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase contributes to the conversion of membrane lipids into triacylglycerol in Myrmecia incisa during the nitrogen starvation stress ▶     Xiao-Yu Liu, Long-Ling Ouyang, Zhi-Gang Zhou     In addition to the Kennedy pathway for de novo biosynthesis, triacylglycerol (TAG), the most important stock for microalgae-based biodiesel production, can be synthesized by …             Evidence for widespread infection of African bats with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever-like viruses ▶     Marcel A. Müller, Stéphanie Devignot, Erik Lattwein et al.     Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a highly virulent tick-borne pathogen that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans. The geographic range of human CCHF cases largely …             Soluble CD59 is a Novel Biomarker for the Prediction of Obstructive Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction After Lung Transplantation ▶     Kevin Budding, Eduard. A. van de Graaf, Tineke Kardol-Hoefnagel et al.     CD59 is a complement regulatory protein that inhibits membrane attack complex formation. A soluble form of CD59 (sCD59) is present in various body fluids and is associated with …             Leaf epidermis images for robust identification of plants ▶     Núbia Rosa da Silva, Marcos William da Silva Oliveira, Humberto Antunes de Almeida Filho et al.     This paper proposes a methodology for plant analysis and identification based on extracting texture features from microscopic images of leaf epidermis. All the experiments were …             Identification and functional analysis of two novel connexin 50 mutations associated with autosome dominant congenital cataracts ▶     Yinhui Yu, Menghan Wu, Xinyi Chen et al.     Autosomal dominant congenital cataracts (ADCC) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases. The present study recruited two Chinese families with bilateral nuclear …             Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein causes endothelial dysfunction via activation of Nlrp3 inflammasome ▶     Weng-Lang Yang, Archna Sharma, Zhimin Wang et al.     Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule which stimulates proinflammatory cytokine release in hemorrhage and sepsis. Un…             Corrigendum: An integrative approach to investigate the respective roles of single-nucleotide variants and copy-number variants in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ▶     Leandro de Araújo Lima, Ana Cecília Feio-dos-Santos, Sintia Iole Belangero et al.                 Loss of Nrf2 abrogates the protective effect of Keap1 downregulation in a preclinical model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma ▶     Elena V. Knatko, Maureen Higgins, Jed W. Fahey et al.     Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) are the most common and highly mutated human malignancies, challenging identification of driver mutations and targeted therapies. …             Identification of chilling-responsive microRNAs and their targets in vegetable soybean (Glycine max L.) ▶     Shengchun Xu, Na Liu, Weihua Mao et al.     Chilling stress is a major factor limiting the yield and quality of vegetable soybean (Glycine max L.) on a global scale. In the present study, systematic identification and …             Whole genome sequencing of Gyeongbuk Araucana, a newly developed blue-egg laying chicken breed, reveals its origin and genetic characteristics ▶     Hyeonsoo Jeong, Kwondo Kim, Kelsey Caetano-Anollés et al.     Chicken, Gallus gallus, is a valuable species both as a food source and as a model organism for scientific research. Here, we sequenced the genome of Gyeongbuk Araucana, a rare …             Inapparent Streptococcus agalactiae infection in adult/commercial tilapia ▶     Jiufeng Sun, Wei Fang, Bixia Ke et al.     We report on inapparent infections in adult/commercial tilapia in major tilapia fish farms in Guangdong. A total of 146 suspected isolates were confirmed to be S. agalactiae …             Nano-SPRi Aptasensor for the Detection of Progesterone in Buffer ▶     Effat Zeidan, Renuka Shivaji, Vincent C. Henrich et al.     Progesterone is a steroid hormone that plays a central role in the female reproductive processes such as ovulation and pregnancy with possible effects on other organs as well. …             Reduced expression of APC-1B but not APC-1A by the deletion of promoter 1B is responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis ▶     Kiyoshi Yamaguchi, Satoshi Nagayama, Eigo Shimizu et al.     Germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene APC are associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Here we applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to the DNA of a …             Whole exome sequencing links dental tumor to an autosomal-dominant mutation in ANO5 gene associated with gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia and muscle dystrophies ▶     T. V. Andreeva, T. V. Tyazhelova, V. N. Rykalina et al.     Tumors of the jaws may represent different human disorders and frequently associate with pathologic bone fractures. In this report, we analyzed two affected siblings from a …             Near-instant automatic access to visually presented words in the human neocortex: neuromagnetic evidence ▶     Yury Shtyrov, Lucy J. MacGregor     Rapid and efficient processing of external information by the brain is vital to survival in a highly dynamic environment. The key channel humans use to exchange information is …             Anisotropic metal growth on phospholipid nanodiscs via lipid bilayer expansion ▶     Jana Oertel, Adrian Keller, Julia Prinz et al.     Self-assembling biomolecules provide attractive templates for the preparation of metallic nanostructures. However, the intuitive transfer of the “outer shape” of the assembled …             Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis affects the grain proteome of Zea mays: a field study ▶     Elisa Bona, Alessio Scarafoni, Francesco Marsano et al.     Maize is one of the most important crops worldwide and is strongly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi, organisms that form a mutualistic association with land plants. …             A Rapid Method for Refolding Cell Surface Receptors and Ligands ▶     Lu Zhai, Ling Wu, Feng Li et al.     Production of membrane-associated cell surface receptors and their ligands is often a cumbersome, expensive, and time-consuming process that limits detailed structural and …             Spider web and silk performance landscapes across nutrient space ▶     Sean J. Blamires, Yi-Hsuan Tseng, Chung-Lin Wu et al.     Predators have been shown to alter their foraging as a regulatory response to recent feeding history, but it remains unknown whether trap building predators modulate their traps …             A genomic screen for long noncoding RNA genes epigenetically silenced by aberrant DNA methylation in colorectal cancer ▶     Kohei Kumegawa, Reo Maruyama, Eiichiro Yamamoto et al.     Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key components in multiple cellular processes, although their physiological and pathological functions are not fully understood. To …             A new symmetrodont mammal (Trechnotheria: Zhangheotheriidae) from the Early Cretaceous of China and trechnotherian character evolution ▶     Shundong Bi, Xiaoting Zheng, Jin Meng et al.     We report the discovery of Anebodon luoi, a new genus and species of zhangheotheriid symmetrodont mammal from the Lujiatun site of the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation, China. …             MUC1-C Stabilizes MCL-1 in the Oxidative Stress Response of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to BCL-2 Inhibitors ▶     Masayuki Hiraki, Yozo Suzuki, Maroof Alam et al.     Aberrant expression of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) is a major cause of drug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a heterodimeric …             Galectin-3 Enhances Migration of Minature Pig Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Inhibition of RhoA-GTP Activity ▶     Qian Gao, Ying Xia, Lan Liu et al.     Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are used in tissue engineering because of their migration characters. However, BM-MSCs have limitations in terms of reaching injuries …             Inappropriate cadherin switching in the mouse epiblast compromises proper signaling between the epiblast and the extraembryonic ectoderm during gastrulation ▶     M. Felicia Basilicata, Marcus Frank, Davor Solter et al.     Cadherin switching from E-cadherin (E-cad) to N-cadherin (N-cad) is a key step of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes that occurs during gastrulation and cancer …             Involvement of Auxin and Brassinosteroid in Dwarfism of Autotetraploid Apple (Malus × domestica) ▶     Yue Ma, Hao Xue, Lei Zhang et al.     The plant height is an important trait in fruit tree. However, the molecular mechanism on dwarfism is still poorly understood. We found that colchicine-induced autotetraploid …             Motile properties of the bi-directional kinesin-5 Cin8 are affected by phosphorylation in its motor domain ▶     Ofer Shapira, Larisa Gheber     The Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-5 Cin8 performs essential mitotic functions in spindle assembly and anaphase B spindle elongation. Recent work has shown that Cin8 is a …             Interaction of single and multi wall carbon nanotubes with the biological systems: tau protein and PC12 cells as targets ▶     Hojjat Alizadeh Zeinabad, Alireza Zarrabian, Ali Akbar Saboury et al.     Subtle changes in the structure of nanoparticles influence their surface tension and corresponding interaction with cells and proteins. Here, the interaction of the single wall …             Reducing hypoxia and inflammation during invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by targeting the Interleukin-1 receptor ▶     Mark S. Gresnigt, Abdessalem Rekiki, Orhan Rasid et al.     Hypoxia as a result of pulmonary tissue damage due to unresolved inflammation during invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is associated with a poor outcome. Aspergillus …             An inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction protects NCM460 colonic cells and alleviates experimental colitis ▶     Meng-Chen Lu, Jian-Ai Ji, Yong-Lin Jiang et al.     Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing-remitting form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that increases the risk of colorectal cancer, the third most common malignancy …             Mice lacking Programmed cell death-1 show a role for CD8+ T cells in long-term immunity against blood-stage malaria ▶     Joshua M. Horne-Debets, Deshapriya S. Karunarathne, Rebecca J. Faleiro et al.     Even after years of experiencing malaria, caused by infection with Plasmodium species, individuals still have incomplete immunity and develop low-density parasitemia on …             Effects of consecutive monoculture of Pseudostellaria heterophylla on soil fungal community as determined by pyrosequencing ▶     Linkun Wu, Jun Chen, Hongmiao Wu et al.     Under consecutive monoculture, the biomass and quality of Pseudostellaria heterophylla declines significantly. In this study, a three-year field experiment was conducted to …             Novel insights into iron regulation and requirement in marine medaka Oryzias melastigma ▶     Jian Wang, Wen-Xiong Wang     Iron (Fe) is an essential trace element for marine fish. However, our knowledge of Fe requirements at different development stages of marine fish is still limited. Here, we …             Whole genome analysis of halotolerant and alkalotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Klebsiella sp. D5A ▶     Wuxing Liu, Qingling Wang, Jinyu Hou et al.     This research undertook the systematic analysis of the Klebsiella sp. D5A genome and identification of genes that contribute to plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, especially …             Mesenchymal stem cells are sensitive to bleomycin treatment ▶     Nils H. Nicolay, Alexander Rühle, Ramon Lopez Perez et al.     Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to attenuate pulmonary damage induced by bleomycin-based anticancer treatments, but the influence of bleomycin on the stem cells …             Next-generation proteasome inhibitor MLN9708 sensitizes breast cancer cells to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis ▶     Hao Wang, Yang Yu, Zheng Jiang et al.     Doxorubicin (Dox), one of the most effective chemotherapy drug for cancer treatment, is limited by its severe side effects and chemoresistance. Dox induces DNA damage and leads …             Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Distinct Gene Expression Profiles in Eosinophilic and Noneosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps ▶     Weiqing Wang, Zhiqiang Gao, Huaishan Wang et al.     Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), one of the most prevalent chronic diseases, is characterized by persistent inflammation of sinonasal mucosa. However, the …             Genetically engineered pre-microRNA-34a prodrug suppresses orthotopic osteosarcoma xenograft tumor growth via the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest ▶     Yong Zhao, Mei-Juan Tu, Wei-Peng Wang et al.     Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children, and microRNA-34a (miR-34a) replacement therapy represents a new treatment strategy. This study was …             Engineering a 3D microfluidic culture platform for tumor-treating field application ▶     Andrea Pavesi, Giulia Adriani, Andy Tay et al.     The limitations of current cancer therapies highlight the urgent need for a more effective therapeutic strategy. One promising approach uses an alternating electric field; …             GCN5 modulates osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells through DKK1 acetylation in inflammatory microenvironment ▶     Bei Li, Jin Sun, Zhiwei Dong et al.     Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) from periodontitis patients showed defective osteogenic differentiation. However, the mechanism of impaired osteogenic differentiation of …             A compact light-sheet microscope for the study of the mammalian central nervous system ▶     Zhengyi Yang, Peter Haslehurst, Suzanne Scott et al.     Investigation of the transient processes integral to neuronal function demands rapid and high-resolution imaging techniques over a large field of view, which cannot be achieved …             Design and Synthesis of Potent in Vitro and in Vivo Anticancer Agents Based on 1-(3′,4′,5′-Trimethoxyphenyl)-2-Aryl-1H-Imidazole ▶     Romeo Romagnoli, Pier Giovanni Baraldi, Filippo Prencipe et al.     A novel series of tubulin polymerization inhibitors, based on the 1-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-aryl-1H-imidazole scaffold and designed as cis-restricted combretastatin A-4 …             Novel chitosan/diclofenac coatings on medical grade stainless steel for hip replacement applications ▶     Matjaž Finšgar, Amra Perva Uzunalić, Janja Stergar et al.     Corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, improved osteointegration, as well the prevention of inflammation and pain are the most desired characteristics of hip replacement …             Evidence supporting the conceptual framework of cancer chemoprevention in canines ▶     Tamara P. Kondratyuk, Julie Ann Luiz Adrian, Brian Wright et al.     As with human beings, dogs suffer from the consequences of cancer. We investigated the potential of a formulation comprised of resveratrol, ellagic acid, genistein, curcumin and …             QwikMD — Integrative Molecular Dynamics Toolkit for Novices and Experts ▶     João V. Ribeiro, Rafael C. Bernardi, Till Rudack et al.     The proper functioning of biomolecules in living cells requires them to assume particular structures and to undergo conformational changes. Both biomolecular structure and motion …             Cultured pericytes from human brain show phenotypic and functional differences associated with differential CD90 expression ▶     Thomas I-H. Park, Vaughan Feisst, Anna E. S. Brooks et al.     The human brain is a highly vascular organ in which the blood-brain barrier (BBB) tightly regulates molecules entering the brain. Pericytes are an integral cell type of the BBB, …                       MATERIALS FOR ENERGY 2016 Presented by: Wuhan University of Technology | Nature Energy | Nature Materials | Nature The conference will feature sessions on electrochemical energy storage, solar energy conversion, and emerging materials and devices. June 11-14, 2016 | Wuhan, China REGISTER NOW             Chemical Sciences ▲ top               High-fidelity spherical cholesteric liquid crystal Bragg reflectors generating unclonable patterns for secure authentication ▶     Yong Geng, JungHyun Noh, Irena Drevensek-Olenik et al.     Monodisperse cholesteric liquid crystal microspheres exhibit spherically symmetric Bragg reflection, generating, via photonic cross communication, dynamically tuneable …             Automatic Combination of Microfluidic Nanoliter-Scale Droplet Array with High-Speed Capillary Electrophoresis ▶     Q. Li, Y. Zhu, N.-Q. Zhang et al.     In this paper, we developed a novel approach for interfacing a microfluidic two-dimensional droplet array to a high-speed capillary electrophoresis (HSCE) system. Picoliter-scale …             Exploring the Inhibitory Mechanism of Approved Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors and Reboxetine Enantiomers by Molecular Dynamics Study ▶     Guoxun Zheng, Weiwei Xue, Panpan Wang et al.     Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (sNRIs) provide an effective class of approved antipsychotics, whose inhibitory mechanism could facilitate the discovery of …             Microfluidic EDGE emulsification: the importance of interface interactions on droplet formation and pressure stability ▶     Sami Sahin, Olesya Bliznyuk, Ana Rovalino Cordova et al.     The fact that interactions of components with interfaces can influence processes is well-known; e.g. deposit accumulation on heat exchangers and membrane fouling lead to …             CuO-Decorated ZnO Hierarchical Nanostructures as Efficient and Established Sensing Materials for H2S Gas Sensors ▶     Nguyen Minh Vuong, Nguyen Duc Chinh, Bui The Huy et al.     Highly sensitive hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas sensors were developed from CuO-decorated ZnO semiconducting hierarchical nanostructures. The ZnO hierarchical nanostructure was …             Large-Scale Production of Large-Size Atomically Thin Semiconducting Molybdenum Dichalcogenide Sheets in Water and Its Application for Supercapacitor ▶     Yu-Xiang Chen, Chien-Wei Wu, Ting-Yang Kuo et al.     To progress from laboratory research to commercial applications, it is necessary to develop an effective method to prepare large quantities and high-quality of the large-size …             Structural characterization of CYP144A1 – a cytochrome P450 enzyme expressed from alternative transcripts in Mycobacterium tuberculosis ▶     Jude Chenge, Madeline E. Kavanagh, Max D. Driscoll et al.     Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes the disease tuberculosis (TB). The virulent Mtb H37Rv strain encodes 20 cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, many of which are implicated in Mtb …             Intersystem crossing-branched excited-state intramolecular proton transfer for o-nitrophenol: An ab initio on-the-fly nonadiabatic molecular dynamic simulation ▶     Chao Xu, Le Yu, Chaoyuan Zhu et al.     The 6SA-CASSCF(10, 10)/6-31G (d, p) quantum chemistry method has been applied to perform on-the-fly trajectory surface hopping simulation with global switching algorithm and to …             Selective Chemical Conversion of Sugars in Aqueous Solutions without Alkali to Lactic Acid Over a Zn-Sn-Beta Lewis Acid-Base Catalyst ▶     Wenjie Dong, Zheng Shen, Boyu Peng et al.     Lactic acid is an important platform molecule in the synthesis of a wide range of chemicals. However, in aqueous solutions without alkali, its efficient preparation via the …             Metallic glassy Zr70Ni20Pd10 powders for improving the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation behavior of MgH2 ▶     M. Sherif El-Eskandarany     Because of its low density, storage of hydrogen in the gaseous and liquids states possess technical and economic challenges. One practical solution for utilizing hydrogen in …             Resolving metal-molecule interfaces at single-molecule junctions ▶     Yuki Komoto, Shintaro Fujii, Hisao Nakamura et al.     Electronic and structural detail at the electrode-molecule interface have a significant influence on charge transport across molecular junctions. Despite the decisive role of the …             Identification of Leishmania donovani Topoisomerase 1 inhibitors via intuitive scaffold hopping and bioisosteric modification of known Top 1 inhibitors ▶     Rajinikanth Mamidala, Papiya Majumdar, Kunal Kumar Jha et al.     A library of arylidenefuropyridinediones was discovered as potent inhibitors of Leishmania donovani Topoisomerase 1 (LdTop1) where the active molecules displayed considerable …             Suppression of X-ray-induced dissociation of H2O molecules in dense ice under pressure ▶     Hiroshi Fukui, Nozomu Hiraoka, Naohisa Hirao et al.     We investigated molecular dissociation induced by 10-keV X-ray irradiation in dense ice at pressures up to 40 GPa at 300 K. The dissociation yield estimated from the oxygen K…             HPTLC-aptastaining – Innovative protein detection system for high-performance thin-layer chromatography ▶     Lena Morschheuser, Hauke Wessels, Christina Pille et al.     Protein analysis using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is not commonly used but can complement traditional electrophoretic and mass spectrometric approaches in …             Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Modified LiMn0.75Fe0.25PO4 Microspheres by Salt-Assisted Spray Drying for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries ▶     Myeong-Seong Kim, Hyun-Kyung Kim, Suk-Woo Lee et al.     Microsized, spherical, three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based composites as electrode materials exhibit improved tap density and electrochemical properties. In this study, we …             Surfactant-assisted Nanocasting Route for Synthesis of Highly Ordered Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon and Its Application in CO2 Adsorption ▶     Yangang Wang, Xia Bai, Fei Wang et al.     Highly ordered mesoporous graphitic carbon was synthesized from a simple surfactant-assisted nanocasting route, in which ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 maintaining its triblock …             QSAR Accelerated Discovery of Potent Ice Recrystallization Inhibitors ▶     Jennie G. Briard, Michael Fernandez, Phil De Luna et al.     Ice recrystallization is the main contributor to cell damage and death during the cryopreservation of cells and tissues. Over the past five years, many small carbohydrate-based …             Elucidating the Origin of the Attractive Force among Hydrophilic Macroions ▶     Zhuonan Liu, Tianbo Liu, Mesfin Tsige     Coarse-grained simulation approach is applied to provide a general understanding of various soluble, hydrophilic macroionic solutions, especially the strong attractions among the …             Integrated Microfluidic Isolation of Aptamers Using Electrophoretic Oligonucleotide Manipulation ▶     Jinho Kim, Timothy R. Olsen, Jing Zhu et al.     We present a microfluidic approach to integrated isolation of DNA aptamers via systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). The approach employs a …             Unique 1D Co3O4 crystallized nanofibers with (220) oriented facets as high-performance lithium ion battery anode material ▶     Yanli Tan, Qiuming Gao, Zeyu Li et al.     A novel one-step hydrothermal and calcination strategy was developed to synthesize the unique 1D oriented Co3O4 crystal nanofibers with (220) facets on the carbon matrix derived …             Revisiting kinetic boundary conditions at the surface of fuel droplet hydrocarbons: An atomistic computational fluid dynamics simulation ▶     Rasoul Nasiri     The role of boundary conditions at the interface for both Boltzmann equation and the set of Navier-Stokes equations have been suggested to be important for studying of multiphase …             QwikMD — Integrative Molecular Dynamics Toolkit for Novices and Experts ▶     João V. Ribeiro, Rafael C. Bernardi, Till Rudack et al.     The proper functioning of biomolecules in living cells requires them to assume particular structures and to undergo conformational changes. Both biomolecular structure and motion …             A Single-Level Tunnel Model to Account for Electrical Transport through Single Molecule- and Self-Assembled Monolayer-based Junctions ▶     Alvar R. Garrigues, Li Yuan, Lejia Wang et al.     We present a theoretical analysis aimed at understanding electrical conduction in molecular tunnel junctions. We focus on discussing the validity of coherent versus incoherent …             Novel chitosan/diclofenac coatings on medical grade stainless steel for hip replacement applications ▶     Matjaž Finšgar, Amra Perva Uzunalić, Janja Stergar et al.     Corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, improved osteointegration, as well the prevention of inflammation and pain are the most desired characteristics of hip replacement …                       npj Science of Learning is a new open access, online-only journal that brings together the findings of neuroscientists, psychologists, and education researchers to understand how the brain learns. The first articles for npj Science of Learning have now been published. Visit the website now to explore all available content, and sign up to receive free article e-alerts.               Physical Sciences ▲ top               High-fidelity spherical cholesteric liquid crystal Bragg reflectors generating unclonable patterns for secure authentication ▶     Yong Geng, JungHyun Noh, Irena Drevensek-Olenik et al.     Monodisperse cholesteric liquid crystal microspheres exhibit spherically symmetric Bragg reflection, generating, via photonic cross communication, dynamically tuneable …             Subluminal group velocity and dispersion of Laguerre Gauss beams in free space ▶     Nestor D. Bareza, Nathaniel Hermosa     That the speed of light in free space c is constant has been a pillar of modern physics since the derivation of Maxwell and in Einstein’s postulate in special relativity. This …             Interphase tuning for stronger and tougher composites ▶     Konstantin Livanov, Lin Yang, Asaf Nissenbaum et al.     The development of composite materials that are simultaneously strong and tough is one of the most active topics of current material science. Observations of biological …             Combinatorial development of antibacterial Zr-Cu-Al-Ag thin film metallic glasses ▶     Yanhui Liu, Jagannath Padmanabhan, Bettina Cheung et al.     Metallic alloys are normally composed of multiple constituent elements in order to achieve integration of a plurality of properties required in technological applications. …             Tunable Band-Stop Filters for Graphene Plasmons Based on Periodically Modulated Graphene ▶     Bin Shi, Wei Cai, Xinzheng Zhang et al.     Tunable band-stop filters based on graphene with periodically modulated chemical potentials are proposed. Periodic graphene can be considered as a plasmonic crystal. Its energy …             Negative Oxygen Ions Production by Superamphiphobic and Antibacterial TiO2/Cu2O Composite Film Anchored on Wooden Substrates ▶     Likun Gao, Zhe Qiu, Wentao Gan et al.     According to statistics, early in the 20th century, the proportion of positive and negative air ions on the earth is 1 : 1.2. However, after more than one century, the …             Automatic Combination of Microfluidic Nanoliter-Scale Droplet Array with High-Speed Capillary Electrophoresis ▶     Q. Li, Y. Zhu, N.-Q. Zhang et al.     In this paper, we developed a novel approach for interfacing a microfluidic two-dimensional droplet array to a high-speed capillary electrophoresis (HSCE) system. Picoliter-scale …             A Versatile Multiple Target Detection System Based on DNA Nano-assembled Linear FRET Arrays ▶     Yansheng Li, Hongwu Du, Wenqian Wang et al.     DNA molecules have been utilized both as powerful synthetic building blocks to create nanoscale architectures and as inconstant programmable templates for assembly of biosensors. …             Dependences of Q-branch integrated intensity of linear-molecule pendular spectra on electric-field strength and rotational temperature and its potential applications ▶     Min Deng, Hailing Wang, Qin Wang et al.     We calculate the pendular-state spectra of cold linear molecules, and investigated the dependences of “Q-branch” integrated intensity of pendular spectra on both electric-field …             Microfluidic EDGE emulsification: the importance of interface interactions on droplet formation and pressure stability ▶     Sami Sahin, Olesya Bliznyuk, Ana Rovalino Cordova et al.     The fact that interactions of components with interfaces can influence processes is well-known; e.g. deposit accumulation on heat exchangers and membrane fouling lead to …             Full characterization of an attosecond pulse generated using an infrared driver ▶     Chunmei Zhang, Graham G. Brown, Kyung Taec Kim et al.     The physics of attosecond pulse generation requires using infrared driving wavelength to reach the soft X-rays. However, with longer driving wavelength, the harmonic conversion …             MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures with electron mobility exceeding 1 × 106 cm2/Vs ▶     Joseph Falson, Yusuke Kozuka, Masaki Uchida et al.     The inherently complex chemical and crystallographic nature of oxide materials has suppressed the purities achievable in laboratory environments, obscuring the rich physical …             Multiscale architectured materials with composition and grain size gradients manufactured using high-pressure torsion ▶     Ji Yun Kang, Jung Gi Kim, Hyo Wook Park et al.     The concept of multiscale architectured materials is established using composition and grain size gradients. Composition-gradient nanostructured materials are produced from …             Complex quantum networks as structured environments: engineering and probing ▶     Johannes Nokkala, Fernando Galve, Roberta Zambrini et al.     We consider structured environments modeled by bosonic quantum networks and investigate the probing of their spectral density, structure, and topology. We demonstrate how to …             Population-weighted efficiency in transportation networks ▶     Lei Dong, Ruiqi Li, Jiang Zhang et al.     Transportation efficiency is critical for the operation of cities and is attracting great attention worldwide. Improving the transportation efficiency can not only decrease …             CuO-Decorated ZnO Hierarchical Nanostructures as Efficient and Established Sensing Materials for H2S Gas Sensors ▶     Nguyen Minh Vuong, Nguyen Duc Chinh, Bui The Huy et al.     Highly sensitive hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas sensors were developed from CuO-decorated ZnO semiconducting hierarchical nanostructures. The ZnO hierarchical nanostructure was …             Topological triple-vortex lattice stabilized by mixed frustration in expanded honeycomb Kitaev-Heisenberg model ▶     Xiaoyan Yao, Shuai Dong     The expanded classical Kitaev-Heisenberg model on a honeycomb lattice is investigated with the next-nearest-neighboring Heisenberg interaction considered. The simulation shows a …             Improve sensitization and corrosion resistance of an Al-Mg alloy by optimization of grain boundaries ▶     Jianfeng Yan, Nathan M. Heckman, Leonardo Velasco et al.     The sensitization and subsequent intergranular corrosion of Al-5.3 wt.% Mg alloy has been shown to be an important factor in stress corrosion cracking of Al-Mg alloys. Un…             Dramatically decreased magnetoresistance in non-stoichiometric WTe2 crystals ▶     Yang-Yang Lv, Bin-Bin Zhang, Xiao Li et al.     Recently, the layered semimetal WTe2 has attracted renewed interest owing to the observation of a non-saturating and giant positive magnetoresistance (~105%), which can be useful …             Exploring the Inhibitory Mechanism of Approved Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors and Reboxetine Enantiomers by Molecular Dynamics Study ▶     Guoxun Zheng, Weiwei Xue, Panpan Wang et al.     Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (sNRIs) provide an effective class of approved antipsychotics, whose inhibitory mechanism could facilitate the discovery of …             Animal Hairs as Water-stimulated Shape Memory Materials: Mechanism and Structural Networks in Molecular Assemblies ▶     Xueliang Xiao, Jinlian Hu     Animal hairs consisting of α-keratin biopolymers existing broadly in nature may be responsive to water for recovery to the innate shape from their fixed deformation, thus possess …             Rapid green assembly of antimicrobial nanobunches ▶     Jeong Hoon Byeon     Antimicrobial nanobunches with different amounts of chitosan-capped Ag were prepared by continuous gas-liquid green route under ultrasound irradiation. Spark-produced aerosol Cu …             Enhanced Flexible Tubular Microelectrode with Conducting Polymer for Multi-Functional Implantable Tissue-Machine Interface ▶     Hong-Chang Tian, Jing-Quan Liu, Xiao-Yang Kang et al.     Implantable biomedical microdevices enable the restoration of body function and improvement of health condition. As the interface between artificial machines and natural tissue, …             Assembling Bare Au Nanoparticles at Positively Charged Templates ▶     Wenjie Wang, Honghu Zhang, Ivan Kuzmenko et al.     In-situ X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and grazing incidence X-ray small-angle scattering (GISAXS) reveal that unfunctionalized (bare) gold nanoparticles (AuNP) spontaneously adsorb to …             Quantization Effects on Complex Networks ▶     Ying Wang, Lin Wang, Wen Yang et al.     Weights of edges in many complex networks we constructed are quantized values of the real weights. To what extent does the quantization affect the properties of a network? In …             Quasi-freestanding graphene on Ni(111) by Cs intercalation ▶     M. Alattas, U. Schwingenschlögl     A possible approach to achieve quasi-freestanding graphene on a substrate for technological purpose is the intercalation of alkali metal atoms. Cs intercalation between graphene …             Long-term results of anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion with nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 strut for cervical spondylotic myelopathy ▶     Yuan Zhang, Xu Deng, Dianming Jiang et al.     To assess the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) with a neotype nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (n-HA/PA66) strut in …             Watt-level passively Q-switched heavily Er3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror ▶     Yanlong Shen, Yishan Wang, Kunpeng Luan et al.     A diode-cladding pumped mid-infrared passively Q-switched Er3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser with an average output power of watt-level based on a semiconductor saturable absorber …             High efficiency all-polymer tandem solar cells ▶     Jianyu Yuan, Jinan Gu, Guozheng Shi et al.     In this work, we have reported for the first time an efficient all-polymer tandem cell using identical sub-cells based on P2F-DO:N2200. A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) …             Large-Scale Production of Large-Size Atomically Thin Semiconducting Molybdenum Dichalcogenide Sheets in Water and Its Application for Supercapacitor ▶     Yu-Xiang Chen, Chien-Wei Wu, Ting-Yang Kuo et al.     To progress from laboratory research to commercial applications, it is necessary to develop an effective method to prepare large quantities and high-quality of the large-size …             Experimental Demonstration of a Hybrid-Quantum-Emitter Producing Individual Entangled Photon Pairs in the Telecom Band ▶     Geng Chen, Yang Zou, Wen-Hao Zhang et al.     Quantum emitters generating individual entangled photon pairs (IEPP) have significant fundamental advantages over schemes that suffer from multiple photon emission, or schemes …             Transverse-electric plasmonic modes of cylindrical graphene-based waveguide at near-infrared and visible frequencies ▶     Dmitry A. Kuzmin, Igor V. Bychkov, Vladimir G. Shavrov et al.     Transverse-electric (TE) surface plasmons (SPs) are very unusual for plasmonics phenomenon. Graphene proposes a unique possibility to observe these plasmons. Due to transverse …             Creation of localized spins in graphene by ring-opening of epoxy derived hydroxyl ▶     Jie Chen, Weili Zhang, Yuanyuan Sun et al.     Creation of high-density localized spins in the basal plane of graphene sheet by introduction of sp3-type defects is considered to be a potential route for the realization of …             Anomalous domain periodicity observed in ferroelectric PbTiO3 nanodots having 180° stripe domains ▶     Jong Yeog Son, Seungwoo Song, Jung-Hoon Lee et al.     Nanometer-scale ferroelectric dots and tubes have received a great deal of attention owing to their potential applications to nonvolatile memories and multi-functional devices. …             Origin of Structural Transformation in Mono- and Bi-Layered Molybdenum Disulfide ▶     Xiaoli Sun, Zhiguo Wang, Zhijie Li et al.     Mono- and multi-layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is considered to be one of the next generation anode materials for rechargeable ion batteries. Structural transformation from …             Strongly Modulated Friction of a Film-Terminated Ridge-Channel Structure ▶     Zhenping He, Chung-Yuen Hui, Benjamin Levrard et al.     Natural contacting surfaces have remarkable surface mechanical properties, which has led to the development of bioinspired surface structures using rubbery materials with …             Dispersive Non-Geminate Recombination in an Amorphous Polymer:Fullerene Blend ▶     Jona Kurpiers, Dieter Neher     Recombination of free charge is a key process limiting the performance of solar cells. For low mobility materials, such as organic semiconductors, the kinetics of non-geminate …             Enhancing synchronization stability in a multi-area power grid ▶     Bing Wang, Hideyuki Suzuki, Kazuyuki Aihara     Maintaining a synchronous state of generators is of central importance to the normal operation of power grids, in which many networks are generally interconnected. In order to …             Broadband diffuse terahertz wave scattering by flexible metasurface with randomized phase distribution ▶     Yin Zhang, Lanju Liang, Jing Yang et al.     Suppressing specular electromagnetic wave reflection or backward radar cross section is important and of broad interests in practical electromagnetic engineering. Here, we …             A novel approach of chemical mechanical polishing for cadmium zinc telluride wafers ▶     Zhenyu Zhang, Bo Wang, Ping Zhou et al.     A novel approach of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is developed for cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) wafers. The approach uses environment-friendly slurry that …             The decisive role of free water in determining homogenous ice nucleation behavior of aqueous solutions ▶     Qiang Wang, Lishan Zhao, Chenxi Li et al.     It is a challenging issue to quantitatively characterize how the solute and pressure affect the homogeneous ice nucleation in a supercooled solution. By measuring the glass …             Neuron-Like Networks Between Ribosomal Proteins Within the Ribosome ▶     Olivier Poirot, Youri Timsit     From brain to the World Wide Web, information-processing networks share common scale invariant properties. Here, we reveal the existence of neural-like networks at a molecular …             Percolation Phase Transition of Surface Air Temperature Networks under Attacks of El Niño/La Niña ▶     Zhenghui Lu, Naiming Yuan, Zuntao Fu     In this study, sea surface air temperature over the Pacific is constructed as a network, and the influences of sea surface temperature anomaly in the tropical central eastern …             Design strategy of surface decoration for efficient delivery of nanoparticles by computer simulation ▶     Hong-ming Ding, Yu-qiang Ma     Understanding the role of surface decoration of nanoparticles in protein adsorption and cellular uptake is of great importance in biomedicine. Here, by using dissipative particle …             Label-free nonlinear optical microscopy detects early markers for osteogenic differentiation of human stem cells ▶     Arne D. Hofemeier, Henning Hachmeister, Christian Pilger et al.     Tissue engineering by stem cell differentiation is a novel treatment option for bone regeneration. Most approaches for the detection of osteogenic differentiation are invasive or …             Characterizing the malignancy and drug resistance of cancer cells from their membrane resealing response ▶     T. H. Hui, Z. L. Zhou, H. W. Fong et al.     In this report, we showed that two tumor cell characteristics, namely the malignancy and drug-resistance status can be evaluated by their membrane resealing response. …             Modification of Ni-Rich FCG NMC and NCA Cathodes by Atomic Layer Deposition: Preventing Surface Phase Transitions for High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Batteries ▶     Debasish Mohanty, Kevin Dahlberg, David M. King et al.     The energy density of current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on layered LiMO2 cathodes (M = Ni, Mn, Co: NMC; M = Ni, Co, Al: NCA) needs to be improved significantly in order …             Structural characterization of CYP144A1 – a cytochrome P450 enzyme expressed from alternative transcripts in Mycobacterium tuberculosis ▶     Jude Chenge, Madeline E. Kavanagh, Max D. Driscoll et al.     Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes the disease tuberculosis (TB). The virulent Mtb H37Rv strain encodes 20 cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, many of which are implicated in Mtb …             Intersystem crossing-branched excited-state intramolecular proton transfer for o-nitrophenol: An ab initio on-the-fly nonadiabatic molecular dynamic simulation ▶     Chao Xu, Le Yu, Chaoyuan Zhu et al.     The 6SA-CASSCF(10, 10)/6-31G (d, p) quantum chemistry method has been applied to perform on-the-fly trajectory surface hopping simulation with global switching algorithm and to …             Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Modified LiMn0.75Fe0.25PO4 Microspheres by Salt-Assisted Spray Drying for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries ▶     Myeong-Seong Kim, Hyun-Kyung Kim, Suk-Woo Lee et al.     Microsized, spherical, three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based composites as electrode materials exhibit improved tap density and electrochemical properties. In this study, we …             Corrigendum: 3D printed cellular solid outperforms traditional stochastic foam in long-term mechanical response ▶     A. Maiti, W. Small, J. P. Lewicki et al.                 Elastomeric Cellular Structure Enhanced by Compressible Liquid Filler ▶     Yueting Sun, Xiaoqing Xu, Chengliang Xu et al.     Elastomeric cellular structures provide a promising solution for energy absorption. Their flexible and resilient nature is particularly relevant to protection of human bodies. …             A multicaloric material as a link between electrocaloric and magnetocaloric refrigeration ▶     Hana Ursic, Vid Bobnar, Barbara Malic et al.     The existence and feasibility of the multicaloric, polycrystalline material 0.8Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.2Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3, exhibiting magnetocaloric and electrocaloric properties, are …             Scaling and universality in glass transition ▶     Antonio de Candia, Annalisa Fierro, Antonio Coniglio     Kinetic facilitated models and the Mode Coupling Theory (MCT) model B are within those systems known to exhibit a discontinuous dynamical transition with a two step relaxation. …             Atomic-level structural and chemical analysis of Cr-doped Bi2Se3 thin films ▶     A. Ghasemi, D. Kepaptsoglou, L. J. Collins-McIntyre et al.     We present a study of the structure and chemical composition of the Cr-doped 3D topological insulator Bi2Se3. Single-crystalline thin films were grown by molecular beam epitaxy …             Interfacial electrofluidics in confined systems ▶     Biao Tang, Jan Groenewold, Min Zhou et al.     Electrofluidics is a versatile principle that can be used for high speed actuation of liquid interfaces. In most of the applications, the fundamental mechanism of …             Resolving metal-molecule interfaces at single-molecule junctions ▶     Yuki Komoto, Shintaro Fujii, Hisao Nakamura et al.     Electronic and structural detail at the electrode-molecule interface have a significant influence on charge transport across molecular junctions. Despite the decisive role of the …             Synthesis and Characterization of an Alumina Forming Nanolaminated Boride: MoAlB ▶     Sankalp Kota, Eugenio Zapata-Solvas, Alexander Ly et al.     The ‘MAlB’ phases are nanolaminated, ternary transition metal borides that consist of a transition metal boride sublattice interleaved by monolayers or bilayers of pure aluminum. …             Fiber-Type Random Laser Based on a Cylindrical Waveguide with a Disordered Cladding Layer ▶     Wei Li Zhang, Meng Ya Zheng, Rui Ma et al.     This letter reports a fiber-type random laser (RL) which is made from a capillary coated with a disordered layer at its internal surface and filled with a gain (laser dye) …             Selective Chemical Conversion of Sugars in Aqueous Solutions without Alkali to Lactic Acid Over a Zn-Sn-Beta Lewis Acid-Base Catalyst ▶     Wenjie Dong, Zheng Shen, Boyu Peng et al.     Lactic acid is an important platform molecule in the synthesis of a wide range of chemicals. However, in aqueous solutions without alkali, its efficient preparation via the …             Optimized Spiral Metal-Gallium-Nitride Nanowire Cavity for Ultra-High Circular Dichroism Ultraviolet Lasing at Room Temperature ▶     Wei-Chun Liao, Shu-Wei Liao, Kuo-Ju Chen et al.     Circularly polarized laser sources with small footprints and high efficiencies can possess advanced functionalities in optical communication and biophotonic integrated systems. …             All-Optical Implementation of the Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm ▶     Wenchao Hu, Kan Wu, Perry Ping Shum et al.     We report all-optical implementation of the optimization algorithm for the famous “ant colony” problem. Ant colonies progressively optimize pathway to food discovered by one of …             The immiscibility of InAlN ternary alloy ▶     Guijuan Zhao, Xiaoqing Xu, Huijie Li et al.     We have used two models based on the valence force field and the regular solution model to study the immiscibility of InAlN ternary alloy, and have got the spinodal and binodal …             Improving resolution in quantum subnanometre-gap tip-enhanced Raman nanoimaging ▶     Yingchao Zhang, Dmitri V. Voronine, Shangran Qiu et al.     Two-dimensional (2D) materials beyond graphene such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have unique mechanical, optical and electronic properties with promising …             Evolution of electronic states in n-type copper oxide superconductor via electric double layer gating ▶     Kui Jin, Wei Hu, Beiyi Zhu et al.     The occurrence of electrons and holes in n-type copper oxides has been achieved by chemical doping, pressure, and/or deoxygenation. However, the observed electronic properties …             Suppression of X-ray-induced dissociation of H2O molecules in dense ice under pressure ▶     Hiroshi Fukui, Nozomu Hiraoka, Naohisa Hirao et al.     We investigated molecular dissociation induced by 10-keV X-ray irradiation in dense ice at pressures up to 40 GPa at 300 K. The dissociation yield estimated from the oxygen K…             The Talbot Effect for two-dimensional massless Dirac fermions ▶     Jamie D. Walls, Daniel Hadad     A monochromatic beam of wavelength λ transmitted through a periodic one-dimensional diffraction grating with lattice constant d will be spatially refocused at distances from the …             Tuning the ferromagnetic phase in the CDW compound SmNiC2 via chemical alloying ▶     G. Prathiba, I. Kim, S. Shin et al.     We report a study on tuning the charge density wave (CDW) ferromagnet SmNiC2 to a weakly coupled superconductor by substituting La for Sm. X-ray diffraction measurements show …             Interface Engineering for the Enhancement of Carrier Transport in Black Phosphorus Transistor with Ultra-Thin High-k Gate Dielectric ▶     Zhi-Peng Ling, Jun-Tao Zhu, Xinke Liu et al.     Black phosphorus (BP) is the most stable allotrope of phosphorus which exhibits strong in-plane anisotropic charge transport. Discovering its interface properties between BP and …             Surfactant-assisted Nanocasting Route for Synthesis of Highly Ordered Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon and Its Application in CO2 Adsorption ▶     Yangang Wang, Xia Bai, Fei Wang et al.     Highly ordered mesoporous graphitic carbon was synthesized from a simple surfactant-assisted nanocasting route, in which ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 maintaining its triblock …             Distinct doping dependence of critical temperature and critical current density in Ba1−xKxFe2As2 superconductor ▶     Dongjoon Song, Shigeyuki Ishida, Akira Iyo et al.     Since the high transition temperature (High-Tc) superconductivity was discovered in the series of materials containing iron (Fe), their potential for the applications has been …             Minimal number of runs and the sequential scheme for local discrimination between special unitary operations ▶     Tian-Qing Cao, Ying-Hui Yang, Zhi-Chao Zhang et al.     It has been shown that any two different multipartite unitary operations are perfectly distinguishable by local operations and classical communication with a finite number of …             Local atomic arrangements and lattice distortions in layered Ge-Sb-Te crystal structures ▶     Andriy Lotnyk, Ulrich Ross, Sabine Bernütz et al.     Insights into the local atomic arrangements of layered Ge-Sb-Te compounds are of particular importance from a fundamental point of view and for data storage applications. In this …             Thermal conductivity of polymer composites with the geometrical characteristics of graphene nanoplatelets ▶     Hyun Su Kim, Hyun Sung Bae, Jaesang Yu et al.     One of the most important physical factors related to the thermal conductivity of composites filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) is the dimensions of the GNPs, that is, …             Ultra-high density optical data storage in common transparent plastics ▶     Deepak L. N. Kallepalli, Ali M. Alshehri, Daniela T. Marquez et al.     The ever-increasing demand for high data storage capacity has spurred research on development of innovative technologies and new storage materials. Conventional GByte optical …             Bio-inspired Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Muscles ▶     Tae Hyeob Kim, Cheong Hoon Kwon, Changsun Lee et al.     There has been continuous progress in the development for biomedical engineering systems of hybrid muscle generated by combining skeletal muscle and artificial structure. The …             Metallic glassy Zr70Ni20Pd10 powders for improving the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation behavior of MgH2 ▶     M. Sherif El-Eskandarany     Because of its low density, storage of hydrogen in the gaseous and liquids states possess technical and economic challenges. One practical solution for utilizing hydrogen in …             Identification of Leishmania donovani Topoisomerase 1 inhibitors via intuitive scaffold hopping and bioisosteric modification of known Top 1 inhibitors ▶     Rajinikanth Mamidala, Papiya Majumdar, Kunal Kumar Jha et al.     A library of arylidenefuropyridinediones was discovered as potent inhibitors of Leishmania donovani Topoisomerase 1 (LdTop1) where the active molecules displayed considerable …             Multicolour Multilevel STED nanoscopy of Actin/Spectrin Organization at Synapses ▶     Sven C. Sidenstein, Elisa D’Este, Marvin J. Böhm et al.     Superresolution fluorescence microscopy of multiple fluorophores still requires development. Here we present simultaneous three-colour stimulated emission depletion (STED) …             HPTLC-aptastaining – Innovative protein detection system for high-performance thin-layer chromatography ▶     Lena Morschheuser, Hauke Wessels, Christina Pille et al.     Protein analysis using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is not commonly used but can complement traditional electrophoretic and mass spectrometric approaches in …             Integrated Microfluidic Isolation of Aptamers Using Electrophoretic Oligonucleotide Manipulation ▶     Jinho Kim, Timothy R. Olsen, Jing Zhu et al.     We present a microfluidic approach to integrated isolation of DNA aptamers via systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). The approach employs a …             Controlling Octahedral Rotations in a Perovskite via Strain Doping ▶     A. Herklotz, A. T. Wong, T. Meyer et al.     The perovskite unit cell is the fundamental building block of many functional materials. The manipulation of this crystal structure is known to be of central importance to …             QSAR Accelerated Discovery of Potent Ice Recrystallization Inhibitors ▶     Jennie G. Briard, Michael Fernandez, Phil De Luna et al.     Ice recrystallization is the main contributor to cell damage and death during the cryopreservation of cells and tissues. Over the past five years, many small carbohydrate-based …             Entanglement convertibility by sweeping through the quantum phases of the alternating bonds XXZ chain ▶     Yu-Chin Tzeng, Li Dai, Ming-Chiang Chung et al.     We study the entanglement structure and the topological edge states of the ground state of the spin-1/2 XXZ model with bond alternation. We employ parity-density matrix …             Revisiting kinetic boundary conditions at the surface of fuel droplet hydrocarbons: An atomistic computational fluid dynamics simulation ▶     Rasoul Nasiri     The role of boundary conditions at the interface for both Boltzmann equation and the set of Navier-Stokes equations have been suggested to be important for studying of multiphase …             The defect-induced localization in many positions of the quantum random walk ▶     Tian Chen, Xiangdong Zhang     We study the localization of probability distribution in a discrete quantum random walk on an infinite chain. With a phase defect introduced in any position of the quantum random …             Fast generation of three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state based on the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariants in coupled cavities ▶     Xiao-Bin Huang, Ye-Hong Chen, Zhe Wang     In this paper, we propose an efficient scheme to fast generate three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state by constructing shortcuts to adiabatic passage (STAP) based on …             Pressure coefficients for direct optical transitions in MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2 crystals and semiconductor to metal transitions ▶     F. Dybała, M. P. Polak, J. Kopaczek et al.     The electronic band structure of MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2, crystals has been studied at various hydrostatic pressures experimentally by photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy and …             Unique 1D Co3O4 crystallized nanofibers with (220) oriented facets as high-performance lithium ion battery anode material ▶     Yanli Tan, Qiuming Gao, Zeyu Li et al.     A novel one-step hydrothermal and calcination strategy was developed to synthesize the unique 1D oriented Co3O4 crystal nanofibers with (220) facets on the carbon matrix derived …             Enhanced Mechanical Performance of Bio-Inspired Hybrid Structures Utilising Topological Interlocking Geometry ▶     Lee Djumas, Andrey Molotnikov, George P. Simon et al.     Structural composites inspired by nacre have emerged as prime exemplars for guiding materials design of fracture-resistant, rigid hybrid materials. The intricate microstructure …             Elucidating the Origin of the Attractive Force among Hydrophilic Macroions ▶     Zhuonan Liu, Tianbo Liu, Mesfin Tsige     Coarse-grained simulation approach is applied to provide a general understanding of various soluble, hydrophilic macroionic solutions, especially the strong attractions among the …             Formation of Magnetic Anisotropy by Lithography ▶     Si Nyeon Kim, Yoon Jae Nam, Yang Doo Kim et al.     Artificial interface anisotropy is demonstrated in alternating Co/Pt and Co/Pd stripe patterns, providing a means of forming magnetic anisotropy using lithography. In-plane …             Strong infrared photoluminescence in highly porous layers of large faceted Si crystalline nanoparticles ▶     E. M. L. D de Jong, G. Mannino, A. Alberti et al.     Almost all physical processes in solids are influenced by phonons, but their effect is frequently overlooked. In this paper, we investigate the photoluminescence of large silicon …             Novel ZnO:Al contacts to CdZnTe for X- and gamma-ray detectors ▶     U. N. Roy, R. M. Mundle, G. S. Camarda et al.     CdZnTe (CZT) has made a significant impact as a material for room-temperature nuclear-radiation detectors due to its potential impact in applications related to nonproliferation, …             Photonic Quantum Networks formed from NV− centers ▶     Kae Nemoto, Michael Trupke, Simon J. Devitt et al.     In this article we present a simple repeater scheme based on the negatively-charged nitrogen vacancy centre in diamond. Each repeater node is built from modules comprising an …             A Relation for Nanodroplet Diffusion on Smooth Surfaces ▶     Chu Li, Jizu Huang, Zhigang Li     In this work, we study the diffusion of nanodroplets on smooth surfaces through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and theoretical analyses. Molecular dynamics simulations show …             Protons at the speed of sound: Predicting specific biological signaling from physics ▶     Bernhard Fichtl, Shamit Shrivastava, Matthias F. Schneider     Local changes in pH are known to significantly alter the state and activity of proteins and enzymes. pH variations induced by pulses propagating along soft interfaces (e.g. …             Fermi-Surface Topological Phase Transition and Horizontal Order-Parameter Nodes in CaFe2As2 Under Pressure ▶     R. S. Gonnelli, D. Daghero, M. Tortello et al.     Iron-based compounds (IBS) display a surprising variety of superconducting properties that seems to arise from the strong sensitivity of these systems to tiny details of the …             The analysis of the influence of fractal structure of stimuli on fractal dynamics in fixational eye movements and EEG signal ▶     Hamidreza Namazi, Vladimir V. Kulish, Amin Akrami     One of the major challenges in vision research is to analyze the effect of visual stimuli on human vision. However, no relationship has been yet discovered between the structure …             Novel chitosan/diclofenac coatings on medical grade stainless steel for hip replacement applications ▶     Matjaž Finšgar, Amra Perva Uzunalić, Janja Stergar et al.     Corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, improved osteointegration, as well the prevention of inflammation and pain are the most desired characteristics of hip replacement …             A Single-Level Tunnel Model to Account for Electrical Transport through Single Molecule- and Self-Assembled Monolayer-based Junctions ▶     Alvar R. Garrigues, Li Yuan, Lejia Wang et al.     We present a theoretical analysis aimed at understanding electrical conduction in molecular tunnel junctions. We focus on discussing the validity of coherent versus incoherent …             Anisotropic metal growth on phospholipid nanodiscs via lipid bilayer expansion ▶     Jana Oertel, Adrian Keller, Julia Prinz et al.     Self-assembling biomolecules provide attractive templates for the preparation of metallic nanostructures. However, the intuitive transfer of the “outer shape” of the assembled …             Surface Plasmon Enhanced Photocatalysis of Au/Pt-decorated TiO2 Nanopillar Arrays ▶     Shuang Shuang, Ruitao Lv, Zheng Xie et al.     The low quantum yields and lack of visible light utilization hinder the practical application of TiO2 in high-performance photocatalysis. Herein, we present a design of TiO2 …             A compact light-sheet microscope for the study of the mammalian central nervous system ▶     Zhengyi Yang, Peter Haslehurst, Suzanne Scott et al.     Investigation of the transient processes integral to neuronal function demands rapid and high-resolution imaging techniques over a large field of view, which cannot be achieved …             Engineering a 3D microfluidic culture platform for tumor-treating field application ▶     Andrea Pavesi, Giulia Adriani, Andy Tay et al.     The limitations of current cancer therapies highlight the urgent need for a more effective therapeutic strategy. One promising approach uses an alternating electric field; …             QwikMD — Integrative Molecular Dynamics Toolkit for Novices and Experts ▶     João V. Ribeiro, Rafael C. Bernardi, Till Rudack et al.     The proper functioning of biomolecules in living cells requires them to assume particular structures and to undergo conformational changes. Both biomolecular structure and motion …               Earth & Environmental Sciences ▲ top               Same pattern, different mechanism: Locking onto the role of key species in seafloor ecosystem process ▶     Sarah Ann Woodin, Nils Volkenborn, Conrad A. Pilditch et al.     Seafloor biodiversity is a key mediator of ecosystem functioning, but its role is often excluded from global budgets or simplified to black boxes in models. New techniques allow …             New insights into the transport processes controlling the sulfate-methane-transition-zone near methane vents ▶     Nabil Sultan, Sébastien Garziglia, Livio Ruffine     Over the past years, several studies have raised concerns about the possible interactions between methane hydrate decomposition and external change. To carry out such an …             Rapid green assembly of antimicrobial nanobunches ▶     Jeong Hoon Byeon     Antimicrobial nanobunches with different amounts of chitosan-capped Ag were prepared by continuous gas-liquid green route under ultrasound irradiation. Spark-produced aerosol Cu …             A new family of bizarre durophagous carnivorous marsupials from Miocene deposits in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland ▶     M. Archer, S. J. Hand, K. H. Black et al.     A new specimen of the bizarrely specialised Malleodectes mirabilis from middle Miocene deposits in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area provides the first and only information …             The significance of droughts for hyporheic dwellers: evidence from freshwater crayfish ▶     Antonín Kouba, Jan Tíkal, Petr Císař et al.     Freshwater biodiversity is globally threatened by various factors while severe weather events like long-term droughts may be substantially devastating. In order to remain in …             Dynamic spatial patterns of leaf traits affect total respiration on the crown scale ▶     Xiaolin Wang, Hongxuan Zhou, Fengsen Han et al.     Temporal and spatial variations of leaf traits caused conflicting conclusions and great estimating errors of total carbon budget on crown scales. However, there is no effective …             Climatic and environmental aspects of the Mongol withdrawal from Hungary in 1242 CE ▶     Ulf Büntgen, Nicola Di Cosmo     The Mongol invasion of Eastern Europe, and especially its sudden withdrawal from Hungary in 1242 CE, has generated much speculation and an array of controversial theories. None …             Environmental Fate of Chiral Herbicide Fenoxaprop-ethyl in Water-Sediment Microcosms ▶     Xu Jing, Guojun Yao, Donghui Liu et al.     The environmental fate of the herbicide fenoxaprop-ethyl (FE) in water, sediment and water-sediment microcosm was studied and degradation products fenoxaprop (FA), …             Radiocarbon dating of prehistoric phytoliths: a preliminary study of archaeological sites in China ▶     Xinxin Zuo, Houyuan Lu, Jianping Zhang et al.     Phytoliths can occlude some organic carbon during their deposition in plants. This carbon fraction is recognised as an ideal dating material because of its high resistance to …             Soil Water Balance and Water Use Efficiency of Dryland Wheat in Different Precipitation Years in Response to Green Manure Approach ▶     Dabin Zhang, Pengwei Yao, Zhao Na et al.     Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) monoculture is conventionally cultivated followed by two to three months of summer fallow in the Loess Plateau. To develop a sustainable …             The decisive role of free water in determining homogenous ice nucleation behavior of aqueous solutions ▶     Qiang Wang, Lishan Zhao, Chenxi Li et al.     It is a challenging issue to quantitatively characterize how the solute and pressure affect the homogeneous ice nucleation in a supercooled solution. By measuring the glass …             Percolation Phase Transition of Surface Air Temperature Networks under Attacks of El Niño/La Niña ▶     Zhenghui Lu, Naiming Yuan, Zuntao Fu     In this study, sea surface air temperature over the Pacific is constructed as a network, and the influences of sea surface temperature anomaly in the tropical central eastern …             Heat generation and light scattering of green fluorescent protein-like pigments in coral tissue ▶     Niclas H. Lyndby, Michael Kühl, Daniel Wangpraseurt     Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like pigments have been proposed to have beneficial effects on coral photobiology. Here, we investigated the relationships between green …             Unrealistically pristine air in the Arctic produced by current global scale models ▶     Yousuke Sato, Hiroaki Miura, Hisashi Yashiro et al.     Black carbon aerosol (BCA) in the Arctic has profound impacts on the global climate system through radiation processes. Despite its enormous impacts, current global scale models, …             A method of undifferenced ambiguity resolution for GPS+GLONASS precise point positioning ▶     Wenting Yi, Weiwei Song, Yidong Lou et al.     Integer ambiguity resolution is critical for achieving positions of high precision and for shortening the convergence time of precise point positioning (PPP). However, GLONASS …             Potential pest transfer mediated by international ornamental plant trade ▶     Jiří Patoka, Martin Bláha, Lukáš Kalous et al.     In recent years, the keeping of ornamental freshwater animals and plants in garden ponds has been growing in popularity. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the …             Preservation of Archaeal Surface Layer Structure During Mineralization ▶     Adrienne Kish, Jennyfer Miot, Carine Lombard et al.     Proteinaceous surface layers (S-layers) are highly ordered, crystalline structures commonly found in prokaryotic cell envelopes that augment their structural stability and modify …             State-space models’ dirty little secrets: even simple linear Gaussian models can have estimation problems ▶     Marie Auger-Méthé, Chris Field, Christoffer M. Albertsen et al.     State-space models (SSMs) are increasingly used in ecology to model time-series such as animal movement paths and population dynamics. This type of hierarchical model is often …             Oxygen isotope in archaeological bioapatites from India: Implications to climate change and decline of Bronze Age Harappan civilization ▶     Anindya Sarkar, Arati Deshpande Mukherjee, M. K. Bera et al.     The antiquity and decline of the Bronze Age Harappan civilization in the Indus-Ghaggar-Hakra river valleys is an enigma in archaeology. Weakening of the monsoon after ~5 ka BP …             Diversity of burial rates in convergent settings decreased as Earth aged ▶     Gautier Nicoli, Jean-François Moyen, Gary Stevens     The evolution and the growth of the continental crust is inextricably linked to the evolution of Earth’s geodynamic processes. The detrital zircon record within the continental …             Phylogenetic niche conservatism explains an inverse latitudinal diversity gradient in freshwater arthropods ▶     Jérôme Morinière, Matthew H. Van Dam, Oliver Hawlitschek et al.     The underlying mechanisms responsible for the general increase in species richness from temperate regions to the tropics remain equivocal. Many hypotheses have been proposed to …             Novel insights into iron regulation and requirement in marine medaka Oryzias melastigma ▶     Jian Wang, Wen-Xiong Wang     Iron (Fe) is an essential trace element for marine fish. However, our knowledge of Fe requirements at different development stages of marine fish is still limited. Here, we …             Effects of consecutive monoculture of Pseudostellaria heterophylla on soil fungal community as determined by pyrosequencing ▶     Linkun Wu, Jun Chen, Hongmiao Wu et al.     Under consecutive monoculture, the biomass and quality of Pseudostellaria heterophylla declines significantly. In this study, a three-year field experiment was conducted to …             Surface Plasmon Enhanced Photocatalysis of Au/Pt-decorated TiO2 Nanopillar Arrays ▶     Shuang Shuang, Ruitao Lv, Zheng Xie et al.     The low quantum yields and lack of visible light utilization hinder the practical application of TiO2 in high-performance photocatalysis. Herein, we present a design of TiO2 …             Whole genome analysis of halotolerant and alkalotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Klebsiella sp. D5A ▶     Wuxing Liu, Qingling Wang, Jinyu Hou et al.     This research undertook the systematic analysis of the Klebsiella sp. D5A genome and identification of genes that contribute to plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, especially …               Health Sciences ▲ top               Diagnostic Accuracy Study of Intraoperative and Perioperative Serum Intact PTH Level for Successful Parathyroidectomy in 501 Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Patients ▶     Lina Zhang, Changying Xing, Chong Shen et al.     Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is an effective treatment for severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT); however, persistent SHPT may occur because of supernumerary and ectopic …             Different dietary patterns and reduction of lung cancer risk: A large case-control study in the U.S. ▶     Huakang Tu, John V. Heymach, Chi-Pang Wen et al.     Reducing lung cancer risk by modifying diet is highly desirable. We investigated whether different U.S. dietary patterns were associated with lung cancer risk. Dietary patterns …             Association between previous history of gout attack and risk of deep vein thrombosis - a nationwide population-based cohort study ▶     Chun-Chih Chiu, Yung-Tai Chen, Chien-Yi Hsu et al.     Although the association of hyperuricemia and cardiovascular diseases is well established by previous research studies, the relationship between gout and deep vein thrombosis …             Arhgap17, a RhoGTPase activating protein, regulates mucosal and epithelial barrier function in the mouse colon ▶     So-young Lee, Hwain Kim, Kyoungmi Kim et al.     Coordinated regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by the Rho GTPase family is required for the maintenance of polarity in epithelial cells as well as for their proliferation and …             The Association Between Low Back Pain and Composition of IgG Glycome ▶     Maxim B. Freidin, Toma Keser, Ivan Gudelj et al.     Low back pain (LBP) is a common debilitating condition which aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP …             Nicotinamide Riboside Opposes Type 2 Diabetes and Neuropathy in Mice ▶     Samuel A.J. Trammell, Benjamin J. Weidemann, Ankita Chadda et al.     Male C57BL/6J mice raised on high fat diet (HFD) become prediabetic and develop insulin resistance and sensory neuropathy. The same mice given low doses of streptozotocin are a …             Relationship of Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Levels with early Atherosclerosis in Humans ▶     Elko Randrianarisoa, Angela Lehn-Stefan, Xiaolin Wang et al.     Circulating trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) levels predict cardiovascular disease (CVD), possibly by impacting on cholesterol metabolism and oxidative stress. Because hepatic TMAO …             The NKD1/Rac1 feedback loop regulates the invasion and migration ability of hepatocarcinoma cells ▶     Jie Li, Sheng Zhang, Qing Hu et al.     Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is complicated by aggressive migration and invasion, which contribute to the increased mortality of HCC patients. The NKD1 protein is abnormally …             Robotic-assisted surgery versus open surgery in the treatment of rectal cancer: the current evidence ▶     Guixiang Liao, Yan-Bing Li, Zhihong Zhao et al.     The aim of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively compare the safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted rectal cancer surgery (RRCS) and open rectal cancer surgery (ORCS). …             Acute Toxicity and Gastroprotection Studies of a New Schiff Base Derived Manganese (II) Complex against HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcerations in Rats ▶     Mohamed Yousif Ibrahim, Najihah Mohd Hashim, Summaya M. Dhiyaaldeen et al.     Manganese is a crucial element for health. In this study, the gastroprotective efficacy of Mn (II) complex (MDLA) against acidified ethanol (HCl/Ethanol)-induced gastric …             Increased Risk for Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder following Cervical Disc Surgery ▶     Jiunn-Horng Kang, Herng-Ching Lin, Ming-Chieh Tsai et al.     Shoulder problems are common in patients with a cervical herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD). This study aimed to explore the incidence and risk of shoulder …             Protective effect of in ovo treatment with the chicken cathelicidin analog D-CATH-2 against avian pathogenic E. coli ▶     Tryntsje Cuperus, Albert van Dijk, Mieke G. R. Matthijs et al.     Increasing antibiotic resistance and ever stricter control on antibiotic use are a driving force to develop alternatives to antibiotics. One such strategy is the use of …             Evaluating the Survival Benefit Following Ovarian Function Suppression in Premenopausal Patients with Hormone Receptor Positive Early Breast Cancer ▶     Lin Qiu, Fangmeng Fu, Meng Huang et al.     There are divergent opinions regarding the use of ovarian function suppression or ablation (hereafter, OFS) in hormone receptor positive early breast cancer patients. In order to …             Butyrate upregulates endogenous host defense peptides to enhance disease resistance in piglets via histone deacetylase inhibition ▶     Haitao Xiong, Bingxiu Guo, Zhenshun Gan et al.     Butyrate has been used to treat different inflammatory disease with positive outcomes, the mechanisms by which butyrate exerts its anti-inflammatory effects remain largely …             Diagnostic test accuracy of D-dimer for acute aortic syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 studies with 5000 subjects ▶     Hiroki Watanabe, Nobuyuki Horita, Yuji Shibata et al.     Diagnostic test accuracy of D-dimer for acute aortic dissection (AAD) has not been evaluated by meta-analysis with the bivariate model methodology. Four databases were …             Normative equations for central augmentation index: assessment of inter-population applicability and how it could be improved ▶     Ana Jeroncic, Grgo Gunjaca, Danijela Budimir Mrsic et al.     Common reference values of arterial stiffness indices could be effective screening tool in detecting vascular phenotypes at risk. However, populations of the same ethnicity may …             Corrigendum: Alcohol intake and cardiovascular risk factors: A Mendelian randomisation study ▶     Yoonsu Cho, So-Youn Shin, Sungho Won et al.                 NAMPT knockdown attenuates atherosclerosis and promotes reverse cholesterol transport in ApoE KO mice with high-fat-induced insulin resistance ▶     Shengbing Li, Cong Wang, Ke Li et al.     NAMPT has been suggested association with atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. However, the impact of NAMPT on atherosclerosis remained unknown. Therefore, the objective of …             The novel compound Sul-121 inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in experimental models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ▶     Bing Han, Wilfred J. Poppinga, Haoxiao Zuo et al.     COPD is characterized by persistent airflow limitation, neutrophilia and oxidative stress from endogenous and exogenous insults. Current COPD therapy involving anticholinergics, β…             RhBMP-2 Activates Hippo Signaling through RASSF1 in Esophageal Cancer Cells ▶     Soo Mi Kim, Shuai Ye, So-Young Rah et al.     Despite that recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been reported as a stimulatory effecter of cancer cell growth because of its characteristic like …             Effect of the Interaction of Veratrum Nigrum with Panax Ginseng on Estrogenic Activity In Vivo and In Vitro ▶     Ying Xu, Jie Ding, Jin-na An et al.     Panax ginseng (GS) and Veratrum nigrum (VN) are representative of incompatible pairs in “eighteen antagonistic medicaments” that have been recorded in the Chinese medicinal …             Pharmacokinetically guided algorithm of 5-fluorouracil dosing, a reliable strategy of precision chemotherapy for solid tumors: a meta-analysis ▶     Luo Fang, Wenxiu Xin, Haiying Ding et al.     Precision medicine characterizes a new era of cancer care and provides each patient with the right drug at the right dose and time. However, the practice of precision dosing is …             Haem-assisted dityrosine-cross-linking of fibrinogen under non-thermal plasma exposure: one important mechanism of facilitated blood coagulation ▶     Zhigang Ke, Qing Huang     Although blood coagulation facilitated by non-thermal plasma has been reported several years ago, the insight to the involved mechanisms is still rather limited. In this work, we …             PGE2 maintains self-renewal of human adult stem cells via EP2-mediated autocrine signaling and its production is regulated by cell-to-cell contact ▶     Byung-Chul Lee, Hyung-Sik Kim, Tae-Hoon Shin et al.     Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess unique immunomodulatory abilities. Many studies have elucidated the clinical efficacy and underlying mechanisms of MSCs in immune disorders. …             Interconnection of post-transcriptional regulation: The RNA-binding protein Hfq is a novel target of the Lon protease in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ▶     Lucía Fernández, Elena B. M. Breidenstein, Patrick K. Taylor et al.     Besides being a major opportunistic human pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be found in a wide range of environments. This versatility is linked to complex regulation, which …             Exploring the Inhibitory Mechanism of Approved Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors and Reboxetine Enantiomers by Molecular Dynamics Study ▶     Guoxun Zheng, Weiwei Xue, Panpan Wang et al.     Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (sNRIs) provide an effective class of approved antipsychotics, whose inhibitory mechanism could facilitate the discovery of …             Enhanced Flexible Tubular Microelectrode with Conducting Polymer for Multi-Functional Implantable Tissue-Machine Interface ▶     Hong-Chang Tian, Jing-Quan Liu, Xiao-Yang Kang et al.     Implantable biomedical microdevices enable the restoration of body function and improvement of health condition. As the interface between artificial machines and natural tissue, …             Efficacy of Indian polyvalent snake antivenoms against Sri Lankan snake venoms: lethality studies or clinically focussed in vitro studies ▶     Kalana Maduwage, Anjana Silva, Margaret A. O’Leary et al.     In vitro antivenom efficacy studies were compared to rodent lethality studies to test two Indian snake antivenoms (VINS and BHARAT) against four Sri Lankan snakes. In vitro …             Identifications of novel mechanisms in breast cancer cells involving duct-like multicellular spheroid formation after exposure to the Random Positioning Machine ▶     Sascha Kopp, Lasse Slumstrup, Thomas J. Corydon et al.     Many cell types form three-dimensional aggregates (MCS; multicellular spheroids), when they are cultured under microgravity. MCS often resemble the organ, from which the cells …             Effect of CLU genetic variants on cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging markers in healthy, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease cohorts ▶     Lin Tan, Hui-Fu Wang, Meng-Shan Tan et al.     The Clusterin (CL) gene, also known as apolipoprotein J (ApoJ), is currently the third most associated late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) risk gene. However, little was known …             Weight gain in anorexia nervosa does not ameliorate the faecal microbiota, branched chain fatty acid profiles, and gastrointestinal complaints ▶     Isabelle Mack, Ulrich Cuntz, Claudia Grämer et al.     The gut microbiota not only influences host metabolism but can also affect brain function and behaviour through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. To explore the potential role of …             Ciguatoxin reduces regenerative capacity of axotomized peripheral neurons and delays functional recovery in pre-exposed mice after peripheral nerve injury ▶     Ngan Pan Bennett Au, Gajendra Kumar, Pallavi Asthana et al.     Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) results from consumption of tropical reef fish containing ciguatoxins (CTXs). Pacific (P)-CTX-1 is among the most potent known CTXs and the …             Efficient suilysin-mediated invasion and apoptosis in porcine respiratory epithelial cells after streptococcal infection under air-liquid interface conditions ▶     Fandan Meng, Nai-Huei Wu, Maren Seitz et al.     Streptococci may colonize the epithelium in the airways and other entry sites. While local infection often remains asymptomatic, severe or even fatal diseases occur when …             Corosolic acid inhibits the proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells and protects against diabetic renal damage ▶     Xiao-Qiang Li, Wen Tian, Xiao-Xiao Liu et al.     Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to explore the effects of corosolic acid (CA) on the renal damage of DM …             Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is Associated with Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Type 1 Diabetic Patients ▶     Lei Zhang, Kaifeng Guo, Junxi Lu et al.     A growing body of evidence suggests that NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of incident CVD events both in patients without diabetes and in those with type 2 diabetes …             κ-Opioid Receptor Stimulation Improves Endothelial Function via Akt-stimulated NO Production in Hyperlipidemic Rats ▶     Fei Tian, Xu-Yang Zheng, Juan Li et al.     This study was designed to investigate the effect of U50,488H (a selective κ-opioid receptor agonist) on endothelial function impaired by hyperlipidemia and to determine the role …             Renal Nitric Oxide Deficiency and Chronic Kidney Disease in Young Sheep Born with a Solitary Functioning Kidney ▶     Reetu R. Singh, Lawrence K. Easton, Lindsea C. Booth et al.     Previously, we demonstrated that renal hemodynamic responses to nitric oxide (NO) inhibition were attenuated in aged, hypertensive sheep born with a solitary functioning kidney …             Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome is associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Population-based Study ▶     Chun-Hou Liao, Herng-Ching Lin, Chao-Yuan Huang     This study aimed to examine this association by comparing the risk of prior irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) between patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome …             Impaired Gut-Liver-Brain Axis in Patients with Cirrhosis ▶     Vishwadeep Ahluwalia, Naga S Betrapally, Phillip B Hylemon et al.     Cirrhosis is associated with brain dysfunction known as hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The mechanisms behind HE are unclear although hyperammonemia and systemic inflammation …             Prenatal ketamine exposure causes abnormal development of prefrontal cortex in rat ▶     Tianyun Zhao, Chuanxiang Li, Wei Wei et al.     Ketamine is commonly used for anesthesia and as a recreational drug. In pregnant users, a potential neurotoxicity in offspring has been noted. Our previous work demonstrated that …             Complementary Characteristics of Correlation Patterns in Morphometric Correlation Networks of Cortical Thickness, Surface Area, and Gray Matter Volume ▶     Jin-Ju Yang, Hunki Kwon, Jong-Min Lee     Morphometric correlation networks of cortical thickness, surface area, and gray matter volume have statistically different structural topology. However, there is no report …             Smaller grafts do not imply early recurrence in recipients transplanted for hepatocellular carcinoma: A Chinese experience ▶     Zhenhua Hu, Xun Zhong, Jie Zhou et al.     Liver graft size has long been a critical issue in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We analyzed China Liver Transplant Registry data (January …             P-wave Variability and Atrial Fibrillation ▶     Federica Censi, Ivan Corazza, Elisa Reggiani et al.     The analysis of P-wave template has been widely used to extract indices of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) risk stratification. The aim of this paper was to assess the potential of the …             Once daily administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, attenuates markers of renal fibrosis without improving albuminuria in diabetic db/db mice ▶     Linda A. Gallo, Micheal S. Ward, Amelia K. Fotheringham et al.     Blood glucose control is the primary strategy to prevent complications in diabetes. At the onset of kidney disease, therapies that inhibit components of the renin angiotensin …             Long-term results of anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion with nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 strut for cervical spondylotic myelopathy ▶     Yuan Zhang, Xu Deng, Dianming Jiang et al.     To assess the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) with a neotype nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (n-HA/PA66) strut in …             Vaginal Dysbiosis from an Evolutionary Perspective ▶     Natalia Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, Scott E Gygax, Edward Dick Jr. et al.     Evolutionary approaches are powerful tools for understanding human disorders. The composition of vaginal microbiome is important for reproductive success and has not yet been …             Electrophysiology Alterations in Primary Visual Cortex Neurons of Retinal Degeneration (S334ter-line-3) Rats ▶     Ke Chen, Yi Wang, Xiaohua Liang et al.     The dynamic nature of the brain is critical for the success of treatments aimed at restoring vision at the retinal level. The success of these treatments relies highly on the …             Vagus Nerve Stimulation Exerts the Neuroprotective Effects in Obese-Insulin Resistant Rats, Leading to the Improvement of Cognitive Function ▶     Titikorn Chunchai, Bencharunan Samniang, Jirapas Sripetchwandee et al.     Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy was shown to improve peripheral insulin sensitivity. However, the effects of chronic VNS therapy on brain insulin sensitivity, dendritic …             Interleukin-37 expression and its potential role in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma ▶     Lin Lin, Jiayi Wang, Dongjuan Liu et al.     Interleukin 37 (IL-37) has been reported to play a significant role in innate immune response and to be involved in several kinds of cancers. However, the investigation of …             Intestinal APCs of the endogenous nanomineral pathway fail to express PD-L1 in Crohn’s disease ▶     Jack Robertson, Carolin T. Haas, Laetitia C. Pele et al.     Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition most commonly affecting the ileum and colon. The aetiology of Crohn’s disease is complex and may include defects in …             Dynamic enhancement patterns of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis on contrast-enhanced computed tomography: risk of misdiagnosis as hepatocellular carcinoma ▶     Rui Li, Ping Cai, Kuan-sheng Ma et al.     This study aimed to assess the features of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) at computerized tomography (CT) and verify the risk of misdiagnosis of ICC as hepatocellular …             Efficient antitumor effect of co-drug-loaded nanoparticles with gelatin hydrogel by local implantation ▶     Hao Zhang, Yong Tian, Zhenshu Zhu et al.     Tetrandrine (Tet) could enhance the antitumor effect of Paclitaxel (Ptx) by increasing intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, which leads to the possibility of …             Use of recombinant porcine β-defensin 2 as a medicated feed additive for weaned piglets ▶     Zixin Peng, Anru Wang, Linqi Xie et al.     Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in piglets is associated with colonization of the intestine with bacterial pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the use of recombinant porcine …             Transcriptome analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae treated with the designed antimicrobial peptides, DM3 ▶     Cheng-Foh Le, Ranganath Gudimella, Rozaimi Razali et al.     In our previous studies, we generated a short 13 amino acid antimicrobial peptide (AMP), DM3, showing potent antipneumococcal activity in vitro and in vivo. Here we analyse the …             MicroRNA-126 contributes to Niaspan treatment induced vascular restoration after diabetic retinopathy ▶     Yang Wang, Hua Yan     Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes and a major cause of blindness in the developing world. Early diabetic retinopathy is characterized …             Impact of Different Promoters on Episomal Vectors Harbouring Characteristic Motifs of Matrix Attachment Regions ▶     Xiao-Yin Wang, Jun-He Zhang, Xi Zhang et al.     We previously demonstrated that the characteristic sequence of matrix attachment regions (MARs) allows transgenes to be maintained episomally in CHO cells. In the present study, …             Alpha-ketoglutarate promotes skeletal muscle hypertrophy and protein synthesis through Akt/mTOR signaling pathways ▶     Xingcai Cai, Canjun Zhu, Yaqiong Xu et al.     Skeletal muscle weight loss is accompanied by small fiber size and low protein content. Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) participates in protein and nitrogen metabolism. The effect of …             Phage selection restores antibiotic sensitivity in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa ▶     Benjamin K. Chan, Mark Sistrom, John E. Wertz et al.     Increasing prevalence and severity of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections has necessitated novel antibacterial strategies. Ideally, new approaches would target …             Glucocorticoid receptor isoforms direct distinct mitochondrial programs to regulate ATP production ▶     David J. Morgan, Toryn M. Poolman, Andrew J. K. Williamson et al.     The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a nuclear receptor and major drug target, has a highly conserved minor splice variant, GRγ, which differs by a single arginine within the DNA …             Epigenetic inactivation of the CpG demethylase TET1 as a DNA methylation feedback loop in human cancers ▶     Lili Li, Chen Li, Haitao Mao et al.     Promoter CpG methylation is a fundamental regulatory process of gene expression. TET proteins are active CpG demethylases converting 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, …             Differentiation of preadipocytes and mature adipocytes requires PSMB8 ▶     Hideki Arimochi, Yuki Sasaki, Akiko Kitamura et al.     The differentiation of adipocytes is tightly regulated by a variety of intrinsic molecules and also by extrinsic molecules produced by adjacent cells. Dysfunction of adipocyte …             Low-dose irradiation promotes Rad51 expression by down-regulating miR-193b-3p in hepatocytes ▶     Eon-Seok Lee, Yeo Jin Won, Byoung-Chul Kim et al.     Current evidence indicates that there is a relationship between microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing and low-dose irradiation (LDIR) responses. Here, alterations of miRNA …             Automated Axon Counting in Rodent Optic Nerve Sections with AxonJ ▶     Kasra Zarei, Todd E. Scheetz, Mark Christopher et al.     We have developed a publicly available tool, AxonJ, which quantifies the axons in optic nerve sections of rodents stained with paraphenylenediamine (PPD). In this study, we …             Effect of short-term room temperature storage on the microbial community in infant fecal samples ▶     Yong Guo, Sheng-Hui Li, Ya-Shu Kuang et al.     Sample storage conditions are important for unbiased analysis of microbial communities in metagenomic studies. Specifically, for infant gut microbiota studies, stool specimens …             Structural characterization of CYP144A1 – a cytochrome P450 enzyme expressed from alternative transcripts in Mycobacterium tuberculosis ▶     Jude Chenge, Madeline E. Kavanagh, Max D. Driscoll et al.     Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes the disease tuberculosis (TB). The virulent Mtb H37Rv strain encodes 20 cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, many of which are implicated in Mtb …             A novel species of torque teno mini virus (TTMV) in gingival tissue from chronic periodontitis patients ▶     Yu Zhang, Fei Li, Tong-Ling Shan et al.     A new species of torque teno mini virus, named TTMV-222, was detected in gingival tissue from periodontitis patients using a viral metagenomics method. The 2803-nucleotide genome …             Hyperhomocysteinaemia in rats is associated with erectile dysfunction by impairing endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity ▶     Weijun Jiang, Lei Xiong, Bin Yang et al.     To investigate the effect of hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHCy) on penile erectile function in a rat model, a methionine-rich diet was used in which erectile function, the reproductive …             C-Reactive Protein Promotes Diabetic Kidney Disease in db/db Mice via the CD32b-Smad3-mTOR signaling Pathway ▶     Yong-Ke You, Xiao-Ru Huang, Hai-Yong Chen et al.     C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with progressive diabetic nephropathy in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2DN). However, role of CRP in T2DN remains unclear. We report here …             Dietary α-linolenic acid-rich flaxseed oil prevents against alcoholic hepatic steatosis via ameliorating lipid homeostasis at adipose tissue-liver axis in mice ▶     Meng Wang, Xiao-Jing Zhang, Kun Feng et al.     Low levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in serum and liver tissue biopsies are the common characteristics in patients with alcoholic liver disease. The α-linolenic …             Single Phase Dual-energy CT Angiography: One-stop-shop Tool for Evaluating Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ▶     Qian Qian Ni, Chun Xiang Tang, Yan E Zhao et al.     Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages have extremely high case fatality in clinic. Early and rapid identifications of ruptured intracranial aneurysms seem to be especially …             Risk scores for predicting incidence of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population: the Kailuan prospective study ▶     Anxin Wang, Guojuan Chen, Zhaoping Su et al.     Few risk scores have been specifically developed to identify individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes in China. In the present study, we aimed to develop such risk scores, …             Quantitative PPARγ expression affects the balance between tolerance and immunity ▶     Ya-Hui Liu, Yau-Sheng Tsai, Shih-Chieh Lin et al.     PPARγ modulates energy metabolism and inflammation. However, its specific functions in the balance of immunity in vivo have been explored incompletely. In this study, by the age …             Analysis of receptor tyrosine kinase genetics identifies two novel risk loci in GAS6 and PROS1 in Behçet’s disease ▶     Jieying Qin, Lin Li, Donglei Zhang et al.     The TAM kinase (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) and its two ligands (Gas6 and protein S) have been shown to play an important regulatory role in the innate immune response. The present study …             Paradoxical activation of MEK/ERK signaling induced by B-Raf inhibition enhances DR5 expression and DR5 activation-induced apoptosis in Ras-mutant cancer cells ▶     You-Take Oh, Jiusheng Deng, Ping Yue et al.     B-Raf inhibitors have been used for the treatment of some B-Raf–mutated cancers. They effectively inhibit B-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in cancers harboring mutant B-Raf, but …             Increased sensitivity of BRCA defective triple negative breast tumors to plumbagin through induction of DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSB) ▶     Rakesh Sathish Nair, Jerald Mahesh Kumar, Jedy Jose et al.     We have earlier shown that Plumbagin (PB) can induce selective cytotoxicity to BRCA1 defective ovarian cancer cells; however, the effect of this molecule in BRCA1 mutated breast …             Towards monitoring dysplastic progression in the oral cavity using a hybrid fiber-bundle imaging and spectroscopy probe ▶     Gage J. Greening, Haley M. James, Mary K. Dierks et al.     Intraepithelial dysplasia of the oral mucosa typically originates in the proliferative cell layer at the basement membrane and extends to the upper epithelial layers as the …             Phylogenomic approaches to determine the zoonotic potential of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from Zambian dairy cattle ▶     Geoffrey Mainda, Nadejda Lupolova, Linda Sikakwa et al.     This study assessed the prevalence and zoonotic potential of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) sampled from 104 dairy units in the central region of Zambia and …             FAM83H and casein kinase I regulate the organization of the keratin cytoskeleton and formation of desmosomes ▶     Takahisa Kuga, Mitsuho Sasaki, Toshinari Mikami et al.     FAM83H is essential for the formation of dental enamel because a mutation in the FAM83H gene causes amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). We previously reported that the overexpression …             Identification of heterologous Torque Teno Viruses in humans and swine ▶     Marvin A. Ssemadaali, Karl Effertz, Pankaj Singh et al.     Torque Teno Viruses (TTVs) are ubiquitous viruses which are highly prevalent in several mammalian species. Human TTV’s are epidemiologically associated with several human disease …             Essential amino acids: master regulators of nutrition and environmental footprint? ▶     Paolo Tessari, Anna Lante, Giuliano Mosca     The environmental footprint of animal food production is considered several-fold greater than that of crops cultivation. Therefore, the choice between animal and vegetarian diets …             Involvement of the P2X7-NLRP3 axis in leukemic cell proliferation and death ▶     Erica Salaro, Alessia Rambaldi, Simonetta Falzoni et al.     Lymphocyte growth and differentiation are modulated by extracellular nucleotides and P2 receptors. We previously showed that the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R or P2RX7) is overexpressed …             Phylogeographic analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patients using multiplex PCR-based next generation sequencing ▶     Won-Keun Kim, Jeong-Ah Kim, Dong Hyun Song et al.     Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases caused by RNA viruses pose a critical public health threat. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful technology to define …             Evaluation of serum nucleoside diphosphate kinase A for the detection of colorectal cancer ▶     Olalla Otero-Estévez, Loretta De Chiara, Leticia Barcia-Castro et al.     We previously described the over-expression of nucleoside diphosphate kinase A (NDKA) in tumours and serum from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, suggesting its use as biomarker. …             The protein PprI provides protection against radiation injury in human and mouse cells ▶     Yi Shi, Wei Wu, Huiping Qiao et al.     Severe acute radiation injuries are both very lethal and exceptionally difficult to treat. Though the radioresistant bacterium D. radiodurans was first characterized in 1956, …             Network Signatures of IgG Immune Repertoires in Hepatitis B Associated Chronic Infection and Vaccination Responses ▶     Ya-Hui Chang, Hui-Chung Kuan, T. C. Hsieh et al.     The repertoire of IgG antibody responses to infection and vaccination varies depending on the characteristics of the immunogen and the ability of the host to mount a protective …             Exercise-like effects by Estrogen-related receptor-gamma in muscle do not prevent insulin resistance in db/db mice ▶     Pierre-Marie Badin, Isabelle K. Vila, Danesh H. Sopariwala et al.     Dissecting exercise-mimicking pathways that can replicate the benefits of exercise in obesity and diabetes may lead to promising treatments for metabolic disorders. Muscle …             Combinations of Oseltamivir and T-705 Extend the Treatment Window for Highly Pathogenic Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in Mice ▶     Bindumadhav M. Marathe, Sook-San Wong, Peter Vogel et al.     Current anti-influenza therapy depends on administering drugs soon after infection, which is often impractical. We assessed whether combinations of oseltamivir (a neuraminidase …             Clinical Nomogram for Predicting Survival of Esophageal Cancer Patients after Esophagectomy ▶     Jinlin Cao, Ping Yuan, Luming Wang et al.     The aim of this study was to construct an effective clinical nomogram for predicting the survival of esophageal cancer patients after esophagectomy. We identified esophageal …             New algorithm for constructing area-based index with geographical heterogeneities and variable selection: An application to gastric cancer screening ▶     Daisuke Yoneoka, Eiko Saito, Shinji Nakaoka     To optimally allocate health resources, policy planners require an indicator reflecting the inequality. Currently, health inequalities are frequently measured by area-based …             Investigating causality in the association between 25(OH)D and schizophrenia ▶     Amy E. Taylor, Stephen Burgess, Jennifer J. Ware et al.     Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of schizophrenia. However, it is not known whether this association is causal or what the direction of causality is. We …             Mice lacking Programmed cell death-1 show a role for CD8+ T cells in long-term immunity against blood-stage malaria ▶     Joshua M. Horne-Debets, Deshapriya S. Karunarathne, Rebecca J. Faleiro et al.     Even after years of experiencing malaria, caused by infection with Plasmodium species, individuals still have incomplete immunity and develop low-density parasitemia on …             Whole exome sequencing links dental tumor to an autosomal-dominant mutation in ANO5 gene associated with gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia and muscle dystrophies ▶     T. V. Andreeva, T. V. Tyazhelova, V. N. Rykalina et al.     Tumors of the jaws may represent different human disorders and frequently associate with pathologic bone fractures. In this report, we analyzed two affected siblings from a …             Mesenchymal stem cells are sensitive to bleomycin treatment ▶     Nils H. Nicolay, Alexander Rühle, Ramon Lopez Perez et al.     Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to attenuate pulmonary damage induced by bleomycin-based anticancer treatments, but the influence of bleomycin on the stem cells …             Next-generation proteasome inhibitor MLN9708 sensitizes breast cancer cells to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis ▶     Hao Wang, Yang Yu, Zheng Jiang et al.     Doxorubicin (Dox), one of the most effective chemotherapy drug for cancer treatment, is limited by its severe side effects and chemoresistance. Dox induces DNA damage and leads …             Genetically engineered pre-microRNA-34a prodrug suppresses orthotopic osteosarcoma xenograft tumor growth via the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest ▶     Yong Zhao, Mei-Juan Tu, Wei-Peng Wang et al.     Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children, and microRNA-34a (miR-34a) replacement therapy represents a new treatment strategy. This study was …             Corrigendum: An integrative approach to investigate the respective roles of single-nucleotide variants and copy-number variants in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ▶     Leandro de Araújo Lima, Ana Cecília Feio-dos-Santos, Sintia Iole Belangero et al.                 Evidence for widespread infection of African bats with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever-like viruses ▶     Marcel A. Müller, Stéphanie Devignot, Erik Lattwein et al.     Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a highly virulent tick-borne pathogen that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans. The geographic range of human CCHF cases largely …             Novel insights into iron regulation and requirement in marine medaka Oryzias melastigma ▶     Jian Wang, Wen-Xiong Wang     Iron (Fe) is an essential trace element for marine fish. However, our knowledge of Fe requirements at different development stages of marine fish is still limited. Here, we …             Engineering a 3D microfluidic culture platform for tumor-treating field application ▶     Andrea Pavesi, Giulia Adriani, Andy Tay et al.     The limitations of current cancer therapies highlight the urgent need for a more effective therapeutic strategy. One promising approach uses an alternating electric field; …             GCN5 modulates osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells through DKK1 acetylation in inflammatory microenvironment ▶     Bei Li, Jin Sun, Zhiwei Dong et al.     Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) from periodontitis patients showed defective osteogenic differentiation. However, the mechanism of impaired osteogenic differentiation of …             Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Distinct Gene Expression Profiles in Eosinophilic and Noneosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps ▶     Weiqing Wang, Zhiqiang Gao, Huaishan Wang et al.     Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), one of the most prevalent chronic diseases, is characterized by persistent inflammation of sinonasal mucosa. However, the …             Evidence supporting the conceptual framework of cancer chemoprevention in canines ▶     Tamara P. Kondratyuk, Julie Ann Luiz Adrian, Brian Wright et al.     As with human beings, dogs suffer from the consequences of cancer. We investigated the potential of a formulation comprised of resveratrol, ellagic acid, genistein, curcumin and …             Design and Synthesis of Potent in Vitro and in Vivo Anticancer Agents Based on 1-(3′,4′,5′-Trimethoxyphenyl)-2-Aryl-1H-Imidazole ▶     Romeo Romagnoli, Pier Giovanni Baraldi, Filippo Prencipe et al.     A novel series of tubulin polymerization inhibitors, based on the 1-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-aryl-1H-imidazole scaffold and designed as cis-restricted combretastatin A-4 …             Cultured pericytes from human brain show phenotypic and functional differences associated with differential CD90 expression ▶     Thomas I-H. Park, Vaughan Feisst, Anna E. S. Brooks et al.     The human brain is a highly vascular organ in which the blood-brain barrier (BBB) tightly regulates molecules entering the brain. Pericytes are an integral cell type of the BBB, …             Novel chitosan/diclofenac coatings on medical grade stainless steel for hip replacement applications ▶     Matjaž Finšgar, Amra Perva Uzunalić, Janja Stergar et al.     Corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, improved osteointegration, as well the prevention of inflammation and pain are the most desired characteristics of hip replacement …             A genomic screen for long noncoding RNA genes epigenetically silenced by aberrant DNA methylation in colorectal cancer ▶     Kohei Kumegawa, Reo Maruyama, Eiichiro Yamamoto et al.     Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key components in multiple cellular processes, although their physiological and pathological functions are not fully understood. To …                 • Careers & Jobs           naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       Research Technician     Roskamp Institute            Research Associate (Assistant Professor)     University of Chicago            Associate Research Fellow     University of Exeter            Early Career Development Fellowships     Manchester Cancer Research Centre            Group Leaders     European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)            Postdoctoral Research Assistant     University of Dundee            Doctoral student positions     University of Oulu            Postdoctoral Training Fellow     Institute of Cancer Research (ICR)            Diabetes UK RD Lawrence Fellowships     Diabetes UK            Associate Research Scientist     Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center          No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. Keep up-to-date with the latest sector trends, vote in our reader poll and sign-up to receive the monthly Naturejobs newsletter.           • Scientific reports events Directory featured events           natureevents directory featured events         Chatham House Climate Change 2016     10.10.16 London, UK         Natureevents Directory is the premier resource for scientists looking for the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia. Featured across Nature Publishing Group journals and centrally at natureevents.com it is an essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide.                 Your email address is in the Scientific Reports Weekly mailing list. You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/nams/svc/myaccount (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant). For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department For other enquiries, please contact our customer feedback department Nature Publishing Group | One New York Plaza, Suite 4500 | New York | NY 10004-1562 | USA Nature Publishing Group's offices: Principal offices: London - New York - Tokyo Worldwide offices: Basingstoke - Boston - Buenos Aires - Delhi - Hong Kong - Madrid - Melbourne - Munich - Paris - San Francisco - Seoul - Washington DC Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. © 2016 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.