Scientific Reports Biology Table of Contents e-alert: 12 July 2016

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12 July 2016      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               Launching in January 2017 - Nature Biomedical Engineering Discovery and technology for human health A new online journal for bench scientists, clinicians and medical engineers. Register for the journal's e-alert to receive content and news from the beginning.                 Biological Sciences               Convergence of multimodal sensory pathways to the mushroom body calyx in Drosophila melanogaster ▶     Ryosuke Yagi, Yuta Mabuchi, Makoto Mizunami et al.     Detailed structural analyses of the mushroom body which plays critical roles in olfactory learning and memory revealed that it is directly connected with multiple primary sensory …             Modelling the sensitivity of life history traits to climate change in a temporary pool crustacean ▶     Tom Pinceel, Bram Vanschoenwinkel, Luc Brendonck et al.     Temporary pool inhabitants face altered inundation regimes under climate change. While their exposure to these changes has received considerable attention, few studies have …             Evaluation of physiological risk factors, oxidant-antioxidant imbalance, proteolytic and genetic variations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with pressure ulcer ▶     Khlifi Latifa, Sahli Sondess, Graiet Hajer et al.     Pressure ulcer (PU) remains a common worldwide problem in all health care settings, it is synonymous with suffering. P is a complex disease that is dependent on a number of …             Deciphering the function of the CNGB1b subunit in olfactory CNG channels ▶     Vasilica Nache, Nisa Wongsamitkul, Jana Kusch et al.     Olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels are key players in the signal transduction cascade of olfactory sensory neurons. The second messengers cAMP and cGMP directly …             The RNA-binding protein repertoire of Arabidopsis thaliana ▶     Claudius Marondedze, Ludivine Thomas, Natalia L. Serrano et al.     RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have essential roles in determining the fate of RNA from synthesis to decay and have been studied on a protein-by-protein basis, or computationally …             The HSA21 gene EURL/C21ORF91 controls neurogenesis within the cerebral cortex and is implicated in the pathogenesis of Down Syndrome ▶     Shan Shan Li, Zhengdong Qu, Matilda Haas et al.     Copy number variations to chromosome 21 (HSA21) cause intellectual disability and Down Syndrome, but our understanding of the HSA21 genetic factors which contribute to fetal …             Biochemical and proteomic characterization of retrovirus Gag based microparticles carrying melanoma antigens ▶     Reet Kurg, Olavi Reinsalu, Sergei Jagur et al.     Extracellular vesicles are membraneous particles released by a variety of cells into the extracellular microenvironment. Retroviruses utilize the cellular vesiculation pathway …             The phase of ongoing EEG oscillations predicts the amplitude of peri-saccadic mislocalization ▶     Douglas McLelland, Louisa Lavergne, Rufin VanRullen     Our constant eye movements mean that updating processes, such as saccadic remapping, are essential for the maintenance of a stable spatial representation of the world around us. …             TRAIP is involved in chromosome alignment and SAC regulation in mouse oocyte meiosis ▶     Yi-Feng Yuan, Yi-Xin Ren, Peng Yuan et al.     Recent whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies demonstrated that TRAIP is associated with primordial dwarfism. Although TRAIP was partially studied in mitosis, its function in …             Exploring the induction of preproinsulin-specific Foxp3+ CD4+ Treg cells that inhibit CD8+ T cell-mediated autoimmune diabetes by DNA vaccination ▶     Katja Stifter, Cornelia Schuster, Michael Schlosser et al.     DNA vaccination is a promising strategy to induce effector T cells but also regulatory Foxp3+ CD25+ CD4+ Treg cells and inhibit autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes. …             Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the sex-determination gene doublesex in the sexually dimorphic broad-horned beetle Gnatocerus cornutus (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) ▶     Hiroki Gotoh, Mai Ishiguro, Hideto Nishikawa et al.     Various types of weapon traits found in insect order Coleoptera are known as outstanding examples of sexually selected exaggerated characters. It is known that the sex …             Marker-aided Incorporation of Xa38, a Novel Bacterial Blight Resistance Gene, in PB1121 and Comparison of its Resistance Spectrum with xa13 + Xa21 ▶     Ranjith K. Ellur, Apurva Khanna, Gopala Krishnan. S et al.     Basmati rice is preferred internationally because of its appealing taste, mouth feel and aroma. Pusa Basmati 1121 (PB1121) is a widely grown variety known for its excellent grain …             Mechanism for insulin-like peptide 5 distinguishing the homologous relaxin family peptide receptor 3 and 4 ▶     Meng-Jun Hu, Xiao-Xia Shao, Jia-Hui Wang et al.     The relaxin family peptides play a variety of biological functions by activating four G protein-coupled receptors, RXFP1–4. Among them, insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) and …             3′-UTR engineering to improve soluble expression and fine-tuning of activity of cascade enzymes in Escherichia coli ▶     Ji-Won Song, Ji-Min Woo, Gyoo Yeol Jung et al.     3′-Untranslated region (3′UTR) engineering was investigated to improve solubility of heterologous proteins (e.g., Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs)) in Escherichia coli. …             Host protective ASP-based vaccine against the parasitic nematode Ostertagia ostertagi triggers NK cell activation and mixed IgG1-IgG2 response ▶     Ana González-Hernández, Stefanie Van Coppernolle, Jimmy Borloo et al.     The mucus-dwelling parasite Ostertagia ostertagi is one of the most important gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle. Our group has previously demonstrated the protective capacity …             Reversible thermal unfolding of a yfdX protein with chaperone-like activity ▶     Paramita Saha, Camelia Manna, Jaydeb Chakrabarti et al.     yfdX proteins are ubiquitously present in a large number of virulent bacteria. A member of this family of protein in E. coli is known to be up-regulated by the multidrug response …             Mapping the Interaction Anatomy of BmP02 on Kv1.3 Channel ▶     B. Wu, B. F. Wu, Y. J. Feng et al.     The potassium channel Kv 1.3 plays a vital part in the activation of T lymphocytes and is an attractive pharmacological target for autoimmune diseases. BmP02, a 28-residue …             Orchestration of gene expression across the seasons: Hypothalamic gene expression in natural photoperiod throughout the year in the Siberian hamster ▶     Ines Petri, Victoria Diedrich, Dana Wilson et al.     In nature Siberian hamsters utilize the decrement in day length following the summer solstice to implement physiological adaptations in anticipation of the forthcoming winter, …             Structural Characterization of H1N1 Nucleoprotein-Nucleozin Binding Sites ▶     Bo Pang, Nam Nam Cheung, Weizhe Zhang et al.     Influenza viruses are among the most common pathogens that threaten the health of humans and animals worldwide. Various anti-viral therapeutic agents are currently used for …             LeftyA decreases Actin Polymerization and Stiffness in Human Endometrial Cancer Cells ▶     Madhuri S. Salker, Nicolas Schierbaum, Nour Alowayed et al.     LeftyA, a cytokine regulating stemness and embryonic differentiation, down-regulates cell proliferation and migration. Cell proliferation and motility require actin …             Fully Mechanically Controlled Automated Electron Microscopic Tomography ▶     Jinxin Liu, Hongchang Li, Lei Zhang et al.     Knowledge of three-dimensional (3D) structures of each individual particles of asymmetric and flexible proteins is essential in understanding those proteins’ functions; but their …             The role of dimensionality in neuronal network dynamics ▶     Francesco Paolo Ulloa Severino, Jelena Ban, Qin Song et al.     Recent results from network theory show that complexity affects several dynamical properties of networks that favor synchronization. Here we show that synchronization in 2D and …             The role of color and attention-to-color in mirror-symmetry perception ▶     Elena Gheorghiu, Frederick A. A. Kingdom, Aaron Remkes et al.     The role of color in the visual perception of mirror-symmetry is controversial. Some reports support the existence of color-selective mirror-symmetry channels, others that …             Murine matrix metalloproteinase-20 overexpression stimulates cell invasion into the enamel layer via enhanced Wnt signaling ▶     Masashi Shin, Maiko Suzuki, Xiaomu Guan et al.     Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP20) is expressed by ameloblasts in developing teeth and MMP20 mutations cause enamel malformation. We established a stably transfected Tet-Off …             Gene expression in term placentas is regulated more by spinal or epidural anesthesia than by late-onset preeclampsia or gestational diabetes mellitus ▶     Tove Lekva, Robert Lyle, Marie Cecilie Paasche Roland et al.     Pre-eclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are common complications of pregnancy, but the mechanisms underlying these disorders remain unclear. The aim was to …             Diverse architectural properties of Sso10a proteins: Evidence for a role in chromatin compaction and organization ▶     Rosalie P. C. Driessen, Szu-Ning Lin, Willem-Jan Waterreus et al.     Sso10a proteins are small DNA-binding proteins expressed by the crenarchaeal model organism Sulfolobus solfataricus. Based on the structure of Sso10a1, which contains a winged …             A threshold of endogenous stress is required to engage cellular response to protect against mutagenesis ▶     Yannick Saintigny, François Chevalier, Anne Bravard et al.     Endogenous stress represents a major source of genome instability, but is in essence difficult to apprehend. Incorporation of labeled radionuclides into DNA constitutes a …             The biofilm inhibitor Carolacton inhibits planktonic growth of virulent pneumococci via a conserved target ▶     Jannik Donner, Michael Reck, Simone Bergmann et al.     New antibacterial compounds, preferentially exploiting novel cellular targets, are urgently needed to fight the increasing resistance of pathogens against conventional …             DNA replication inhibitor hydroxyurea alters Fe-S centers by producing reactive oxygen species in vivo ▶     Meng-Er Huang, Céline Facca, Zakaria Fatmi et al.     Redox homeostasis is tightly controlled in cells as it is critical for most cellular functions. Iron-Sulfur centers (Fe-S) are metallic cofactors with electronic properties that …             A light-induced shortcut in the planktonic microbial loop ▶     Robert Ptacnik, Ana Gomes, Sarah-Jeanne Royer et al.     Mixotrophs combine photosynthesis with phagotrophy to cover their demands in energy and essential nutrients. This gives them a competitive advantage under oligotropihc …             A consolidated analysis of the physiologic and molecular responses induced under acid stress in the legume-symbiont model-soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti ▶     W. O. Draghi, M. F. Del Papa, C. Hellweg et al.     Abiotic stresses in general and extracellular acidity in particular disturb and limit nitrogen-fixing symbioses between rhizobia and their host legumes. Except for valuable …             Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is killed by homologues of 2-(1-undecyloxy)-1-ethanol ▶     Junheon Kim, Sang-Myeong Lee, Chung Gyoo Park     2-(1-Undecyloxy)-1-ethanol, monochamol, is a male-produced aggregation pheromone of the Monochamus species, which are efficient vectors of the pine wood nematode (PWN), …             Rosette-Disrupting Effect of an Anti-Plasmodial Compound for the Potential Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Complications ▶     Jun-Hong Ch’ng, Kirsten Moll, Maria del Pilar Quintana et al.     The spread of artemisinin-resistant parasites could lead to higher incidence of patients with malaria complications. However, there are no current treatments that directly …             Otosclerosis Associated with a De Novo Mutation −832G > A in the TGFB1 Gene Promoter Causing a Decreased Expression Level ▶     Saurabh Priyadarshi, Kirtal Hansdah, Chinmay Sundar Ray et al.     Otosclerosis (OTSC) is defined by abnormal bone remodeling in the otic capsule of middle ear which leads to conductive hearing loss. In our previous study, we have identified a …             Suppression of PPARγ-mediated monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 expression ameliorates alcoholic hepatic steatosis ▶     Jung Hwan Yu, Su Jin Song, Ara Kim et al.     Alcohol consumption is one of the major causes of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and superimposed hepatocellular carcinoma. Ethanol metabolism alters the NAD+/NADH …             Risk Factors and Outcomes of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Case-Control study in a TB Endemic Area ▶     Tsai-Ling Liao, Chin-Fu Lin, Yi-Ming Chen et al.     Increasing evidence indicates that the risk of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is elevated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the risk factors and …             Alexandrite-like effect in purple flowers analyzed with newly devised round RGB diagram ▶     Ichiro Kasajima     The gemstone alexandrite is known for its feature to change color depending on the spectral quality of the incident light. Thus, the stone looks green when illuminated by white …             In Situ Spectral Kinetics of Cr(VI) Reduction by c-Type Cytochromes in A Suspension of Living Shewanella putrefaciens 200 ▶     Tongxu Liu, Xiaomin Li, Fangbai Li et al.     Although c-type cytochromes (c-Cyts) mediating metal reduction have been mainly investigated with in vitro purified proteins of dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria, the in vivo …             Multi-scale factors influencing the characteristics of avian communities in urban parks across Beijing during the breeding season ▶     Shilin Xie, Fei Lu, Lei Cao et al.     Understanding the factors that influence the characteristics of avian communities using urban parks at both the patch and landscape level is important to focus management effort …             Intranasal delivery of nanomicelle curcumin promotes corneal epithelial wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice ▶     Chuanlong Guo, Mengshuang Li, Xia Qi et al.     Corneal nerves are mainly derived from the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Corneal neuropathy contributes to epithelial degenerative changes in diabetic …             Circulating cell-free mature microRNAs and their target gene prediction in bovine metritis ▶     Vanmathy Kasimanickam, John Kastelic     Uterine infections in dairy cows are common after calving, reduce fertility and cause substantial economic losses. Conventional diagnosis (based on clinical signs) and treatment …             An investigation of BMP-7 mediated alterations to BMP signalling components in human tenocyte-like cells ▶     Franka Klatte-Schulz, Gerry Giese, Christopher Differ et al.     The incidence of tendon re-tears post-surgery is an ever present complication. It is suggested that the application of biological factors, such as bone morphogenetic protein 7 …             Chlamydia psittaci infection increases mortality of avian influenza virus H9N2 by suppressing host immune response ▶     Jun Chu, Qiang Zhang, Tianyuan Zhang et al.     Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 (H9N2) and Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) are frequently isolated in chickens with respiratory disease. However, their roles in co-infection …             Potent response of QS-21 as a vaccine adjuvant in the skin when delivered with the Nanopatch, resulted in adjuvant dose sparing ▶     Hwee-Ing Ng, Germain J. P. Fernando, Alexandra C. I. Depelsenaire et al.     Adjuvants play a key role in boosting immunogenicity of vaccines, particularly for subunit protein vaccines. In this study we investigated the induction of antibody response …             Evaluation of short synthetic antimicrobial peptides for treatment of drug-resistant and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus ▶     Mohamed F. Mohamed, Ahmed Abdelkhalek, Mohamed N. Seleem     Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections present a serious challenge because of the emergence of resistance to numerous conventional antibiotics. Due to …             Quantification of intracellular payload release from polymersome nanoparticles ▶     Edoardo Scarpa, Joanne L. Bailey, Agnieszka A. Janeczek et al.     Polymersome nanoparticles (PMs) are attractive candidates for spatio-temporal controlled delivery of therapeutic agents. Although many studies have addressed cellular uptake of …             Molecular diagnosis of pediatric patients with citrin deficiency in China: SLC25A13 mutation spectrum and the geographic distribution ▶     Wei-Xia Lin, Han-Shi Zeng, Zhan-Hui Zhang et al.     Citrin deficiency (CD) is a Mendelian disease due to biallelic mutations of SLC25A13 gene. Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) is the major …             Oxidative Stress Induced by Pt(IV) Pro-drugs Based on the Cisplatin Scaffold and Indole Carboxylic Acids in Axial Position ▶     Dina Tolan, Valentina Gandin, Liam Morrison et al.     The use of Pt(IV) complexes as pro-drugs that are activated by intracellular reduction is a widely investigated approach to overcome the limitations of Pt(II) anticancer agents. …             BLT1 signalling protects the liver against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by preventing excessive accumulation of hepatic neutrophils ▶     Ken Kojo, Yoshiya Ito, Koji Eshima et al.     Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils. Signalling of LTB4 receptor type 1 (BLT1) has pro-inflammatory functions through neutrophil recruitment. In …             Direct radiocarbon dating and genetic analyses on the purported Neanderthal mandible from the Monti Lessini (Italy) ▶     Sahra Talamo, Mateja Hajdinjak, Marcello A. Mannino et al.     Anatomically modern humans replaced Neanderthals in Europe around 40,000 years ago. The demise of the Neanderthals and the nature of the possible relationship with anatomically …             Molecular insights into chronotype and time-of-day effects on decision-making ▶     Krista K Ingram, Ahmet Ay, Soo Bin Kwon et al.     Recent reports highlight that human decision-making is influenced by the time of day and whether one is a morning or evening person (i.e., chronotype). Here, we test whether …             Dcsbis (PA2771) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly active diguanylate cyclase with unique activity regulation ▶     Ying Chen, Shiheng Liu, Cuilan Liu et al.     C-di-GMP (3’,5’ -Cyclic diguanylic acid) is an important second messenger in bacteria that influences virulence, motility, biofilm formation, and cell division. The level of …             In vitro topological loading of bacterial condensin MukB on DNA, preferentially single-stranded DNA rather than double-stranded DNA ▶     Hironori Niki, Koichi Yano     Condensin is the major driving force in the segregation of daughter chromosomes in prokaryotes. Core subunits of condensin belong to the SMC protein family, whose members are …             Cartilage-Specific Knockout of the Mechanosensory Ion Channel TRPV4 Decreases Age-Related Osteoarthritis ▶     Christopher J. O’Conor, Sendhilnathan Ramalingam, Nicole A. Zelenski et al.     Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease of articular cartilage and surrounding tissues, and is associated with both advanced age and joint injury. Biomechanical …             The RNA Chaperone Hfq Is Essential for Virulence and Modulates the Expression of Four Adhesins in Yersinia enterocolitica ▶     Tamara Katharina Kakoschke, Sara Carina Kakoschke, Catharina Zeuzem et al.     In Enterobacteriaceae, the RNA chaperone Hfq mediates the interaction of small RNAs with target mRNAs, thereby modulating transcript stability and translation. This …             Corrigendum: Follower ants in a tandem pair are not always naïve ▶     Patrick Schultheiss, Chloé A Raderschall, Ajay Narendra                 Integrated network-diversity analyses suggest suppressive effect of Hodgkin’s lymphoma and slightly relieving effect of chemotherapy on human milk microbiome ▶     Zhanshan (Sam) Ma, Lianwei Li, Wendy Li et al.     We aim to investigate the effects of Hodgkin’s lymphoma and the chemotherapy for treating the disease on the human milk microbiome through integrated network and community …             Construction of high-density genetic linkage map and identification of flowering-time QTLs in orchardgrass using SSRs and SLAF-seq ▶     Xinxin Zhao, Linkai Huang, Xinquan Zhang et al.     Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is one of the most economically important perennial, cool-season forage species grown and pastured worldwide. High-density genetic linkage …             Transgenic Eimeria tenella as a vaccine vehicle: expressing TgSAG1 elicits protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens and mice ▶     Xinming Tang, Guangwen Yin, Mei Qin et al.     The surface antigen 1 of Toxoplasma gondii (TgSAG1) is a major immunodominant antigen and is widely considered an ideal candidate for the development of an effective recombinant …             Local food web management increases resilience and buffers against global change effects on freshwaters ▶     Pablo Urrutia-Cordero, Mattias K. Ekvall, Lars-Anders Hansson     A major challenge for ecological research is to identify ways to improve resilience to climate-induced changes in order to secure the ecosystem functions of natural systems, as …             Loss of tumorigenic potential upon transdifferentiation from keratinocytic into melanocytic lineage ▶     Sabrina Fehrenbach, Daniel Novak, Mathias Bernhardt et al.     Lineage-specific transcription factors determine the cell fate during development. Direct conversion of several cell types into other lineages has been achieved by the …             Long Term Outcome of Routine Image-enhanced Endoscopy in Newly Diagnosed Head and Neck Cancer: a Prospective Study of 145 Patients ▶     Chen-Shuan Chung, Wu-Chia Lo, Ming-Hsun Wen et al.     Synchronous second primary tumors (SPTs), especially esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN), in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are not uncommon. …             Application of nanodisc technology for direct electrochemical investigation of plant cytochrome P450s and their NADPH P450 oxidoreductase ▶     Krutika Bavishi, Tomas Laursen, Karen L. Martinez et al.     Direct electrochemistry of cytochrome P450 containing systems has primarily focused on investigating enzymes from microbes and animals for bio-sensing applications. Plant P450s …             Evaluation of treadmill exercise effect on muscular lipid profiles of diabetic fatty rats by nanoflow liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry ▶     Jong Cheol Lee, Il Yong Kim, Yeri Son et al.     We compare comprehensive quantitative profiling of lipids at the molecular level from skeletal muscle tissues (gastrocnemius and soleus) of Zucker diabetic fatty rats and Zucker …             Influence of Resting Venous Blood Volume Fraction on Dynamic Causal Modeling and System Identifiability ▶     Zhenghui Hu, Pengyu Ni, Qun Wan et al.     Changes in BOLD signals are sensitive to the regional blood content associated with the vasculature, which is known as V0 in hemodynamic models. In previous studies involving …             Zero-valent Fe confined mesoporous silica nanocarriers (Fe(0) @ MCM-41) for targeting experimental orthotopic glioma in rats ▶     M. A. Shevtsov, M. A. Parr, V. A. Ryzhov et al.     Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) impregnated with zero-valent Fe (Fe(0) @ MCM-41) represent an attractive nanocarrier system for drug delivery into tumor cells. The major …             TMPRSS2 Independency for Haemagglutinin Cleavage In Vivo Differentiates Influenza B Virus from Influenza A Virus ▶     Kouji Sakai, Yasushi Ami, Noriko Nakajima et al.     Influenza A and B viruses show clear differences in their host specificity and pandemic potential. Recent studies have revealed that the host protease TMPRSS2 plays an essential …             Cathepsin S attenuates endosomal EGFR signalling: A mechanical rationale for the combination of cathepsin S and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors ▶     Chien-Chang Huang, Cheng-Che Lee, Hsiao-Han Lin et al.     EGF-mediated EGFR endocytosis plays a crucial role in the attenuation of EGFR activation by sorting from early endosomes to late endosomes and transporting them into lysosomes …             Longitudinal live imaging of retinal α-synuclein::GFP deposits in a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson’s Disease/Dementia with Lewy Bodies ▶     Diana L. Price, Edward Rockenstein, Michael Mante et al.     Abnormal α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation in the CNS may underlie neuronal cell and synaptic dysfunction leading to motor and cognitive deficits in synucleinopathies including …             Superoxide dismutase 2 knockdown leads to defects in locomotor activity, sensitivity to paraquat, and increased cuticle pigmentation in Tribolium castaneum ▶     Hiroko Tabunoki, Maureen J. Gorman, Neal T. Dittmer et al.     Insects can rapidly adapt to environmental changes through physiological responses. The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is widely used as a model insect species. However, …             Lateralized antennal control of aggression and sex differences in red mason bees, Osmia bicornis ▶     L. J. Rogers, E. Frasnelli, E. Versace     Comparison of lateralization in social and non-social bees tests the hypothesis that population-level, directional asymmetry has evolved as an adjunct to social behaviour. …             A Hierarchical Mechanism of RIG-I Ubiquitination Provides Sensitivity, Robustness and Synergy in Antiviral Immune Responses ▶     Xiaoqiang Sun, Huifang Xian, Shuo Tian et al.     RIG-I is an essential receptor in the initiation of the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway upon viral infection. Although K63-linked ubiquitination plays an important role …             FGF21 ameliorates the neurocontrol of blood pressure in the high fructose-drinking rats ▶     Jian-Li He, Miao Zhao, Jing-Jun Xia et al.     Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is closely related to various metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. However, the direct targets and mechanisms linking FGF21 to blood …             Zinc-modified titanium surface enhances osteoblast differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in vitro ▶     Kazuyuki Yusa, Osamu Yamamoto, Hiroshi Takano et al.     Zinc is an essential trace element that plays an important role in differentiation of osteoblasts and bone modeling. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the osteoblast …             Tick holocyclotoxins trigger host paralysis by presynaptic inhibition ▶     Kirat K. Chand, Kah Meng Lee, Nickolas A. Lavidis et al.     Ticks are important vectors of pathogens and secreted neurotoxins with approximately 69 out of 692 tick species having the ability to induce severe toxicoses in their hosts. The …             Biodiversity and Activity of the Gut Microbiota across the Life History of the Insect Herbivore Spodoptera littoralis ▶     Bosheng Chen, Beng-Soon Teh, Chao Sun et al.     Microbes that live inside insects play critical roles in host nutrition, physiology, and behavior. Although Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) are one of the most diverse insect …             Morphologically and Functionally Distinct Lipid Droplet Subpopulations ▶     Shuyan Zhang, Yang Wang, Liujuan Cui et al.     Lipid droplet (LD), a multi-functional organelle, is often found to associate with other cellular membranous structures and vary in size in a given cell, which may be related to …             Fractalkine restores the decreased expression of StAR and progesterone in granulosa cells from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome ▶     Shuo Huang, Yanli Pang, Jie Yan et al.     Low progesterone levels are associated with luteal phase deficiency in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The mechanisms regulating progesterone biosynthesis in the …             Identification and Validation of HCC-specific Gene Transcriptional Signature for Tumor Antigen Discovery ▶     Annacarmen Petrizzo, Francesca Pia Caruso, Maria Tagliamonte et al.     A novel two-step bioinformatics strategy was applied for identification of signatures with therapeutic implications in hepatitis-associated HCC. Transcriptional profiles from …             Impact of obesity on taste receptor expression in extra-oral tissues: emphasis on hypothalamus and brainstem ▶     D. Herrera Moro Chao, C. Argmann, M. Van Eijk et al.     Sweet perception promotes food intake, whereas that of bitterness is inhibitory. Surprisingly, the expression of sweet G protein-coupled taste receptor (GPCTR) subunits (T1R2 and …             The Next Generation Non-competitive Active Polyester Nanosystems for Transferrin Receptor-mediated Peroral Transport Utilizing Gambogic Acid as a Ligand ▶     P. Saini, R. Ganugula, M. Arora et al.     The current methods for targeted drug delivery utilize ligands that must out-compete endogenous ligands in order to bind to the active site facilitating the transport. To address …             Characterization of two PEBP genes, SrFT and SrMFT, in thermogenic skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius) ▶     Yasuko Ito-Inaba, Hiromi Masuko-Suzuki, Haruhiko Maekawa et al.     Floral thermogenesis has been found in dozens of primitive seed plants and the reproductive organs in these plants produce heat during anthesis. Thus, characterization of the …             Population imaging at subcellular resolution supports specific and local inhibition by granule cells in the olfactory bulb ▶     Martin Wienisch, Venkatesh N. Murthy     Information processing in early sensory regions is modulated by a diverse range of inhibitory interneurons. We sought to elucidate the role of olfactory bulb interneurons called …             Salmonella Degrades the Host Glycocalyx Leading to Altered Infection and Glycan Remodeling ▶     Narine Arabyan, Dayoung Park, Soraya Foutouhi et al.     Complex glycans cover the gut epithelial surface to protect the cell from the environment. Invasive pathogens must breach the glycan layer before initiating infection. While …             Endocidal Regulation of Secondary Metabolites in the Producing Organisms ▶     Shiyou Li, Ping Wang, Wei Yuan et al.     Secondary metabolites are defined as organic compounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, and reproduction of an organism. They are widely believed …             Assembly PCR synthesis of optimally designed, compact, multi-responsive promoters suited to gene therapy application ▶     H. Mohamed, Y. Chernajovsky, D. Gould     Gene therapy has the potential to provide innovative treatments for genetic and non-genetic diseases, with the ability to auto-regulate expression levels of therapeutic molecules …             CpsR, a GntR family regulator, transcriptionally regulates capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis and governs bacterial virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae ▶     Kaifeng Wu, Hongmei Xu, Yuqiang Zheng et al.     Transcriptional regulation of capsule expression is critical for pneumococcal transition from carriage to infection, yet the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. …             Causal Inference Based on the Analysis of Events of Relations for Non-stationary Variables ▶     Yu Yin, Dezhong Yao     The main concept behind causality involves both statistical conditions and temporal relations. However, current approaches to causal inference, focusing on the probability vs. …             A novel single cell method to identify the genetic composition at a single nuclear body ▶     David Anchel, Reagan W. Ching, Rachel Cotton et al.     Gene loci make specific associations with compartments of the nucleus (e.g. the nuclear envelope, nucleolus, and transcription factories) and this association may determine or …             The proneurotrophin receptor sortilin is required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis control by macrophages ▶     Cristina L. Vázquez, Angela Rodgers, Susanne Herbst et al.     Sorting of luminal and membrane proteins into phagosomes is critical for the immune function of this organelle. However, little is known about the mechanisms that contribute to …             Identification of cyclins A1, E1 and vimentin as downstream targets of heme oxygenase-1 in vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis ▶     Andrea Bauer, Hayley Mylroie, C. Clare Thornton et al.     Angiogenesis is an essential physiological process and an important factor in disease pathogenesis. However, its exploitation as a clinical target has achieved limited success …             Caspase-3 dependent nitrergic neuronal apoptosis following cavernous nerve injury is mediated via RhoA and ROCK activation in major pelvic ganglion ▶     Johanna L. Hannan, Hotaka Matsui, Nikolai A. Sopko et al.     Axonal injury due to prostatectomy leads to Wallerian degeneration of the cavernous nerve (CN) and erectile dysfunction (ED). Return of potency is dependent on axonal …             Urinary melatonin-sulfate/cortisol ratio and the presence of prostate cancer: A case-control study ▶     Shu-Yu Tai, Shu-Pin Huang, Bo-Ying Bao et al.     The circadian-related hormones, melatonin and cortisol, have oncostatic and immunosuppressive properties. This study examined the relationship between these two biomarkers and …             Effects of shrub encroachment on soil organic carbon in global grasslands ▶     He Li, Haihua Shen, Leiyi Chen et al.     This study aimed to evaluate the effect of shrub encroachment on soil organic carbon (SOC) content at broad scales and its controls. We conducted a meta-analysis using paired …             The role of membrane ERα signaling in bone and other major estrogen responsive tissues ▶     K. L. Gustafsson, H. Farman, P. Henning et al.     Estrogen receptor α (ERα) signaling leads to cellular responses in several tissues and in addition to nuclear ERα-mediated effects, membrane ERα (mERα) signaling may be of …             Neuronal TRPV1 activation regulates alveolar bone resorption by suppressing osteoclastogenesis via CGRP ▶     Naoki Takahashi, Yumi Matsuda, Keisuke Sato et al.     The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel is abundantly expressed in peripheral sensory neurons where it acts as an important polymodal cellular sensor for …             Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic cell lines as a new model for host interaction with hepatitis B virus ▶     Shun Kaneko, Sei Kakinuma, Yasuhiro Asahina et al.     Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is not eradicated by current antiviral therapies due to persistence of HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in host cells, and thus development of …             Associations between Nine Polymorphisms in EXO1 and Cancer Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 39 Case-control Studies ▶     Meng Zhang, Duran Zhao, Cunye Yan et al.     An increasing number of studies have highlighted the potential link between EXO1 polymorphisms and cancer risk, although no consensus has yet been obtained. Thus, we aimed to …             Glucose and Palmitate Differentially Regulate PFKFB3/iPFK2 and Inflammatory Responses in Mouse Intestinal Epithelial Cells ▶     Rachel Botchlett, Honggui Li, Xin Guo et al.     The gene PFKFB3 encodes for inducible 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase, a glycolysis-regulatory enzyme that protects against diet-induced intestine inflammation. However, it is unclear …             Effects of Water on Structure and Dynamics of Trehalose Glasses at Low Water Contents and its Relationship to Preservation Outcomes ▶     Lindong Weng, Shima Ziaei, Gloria D. Elliott     Dry preservation of biologics in sugar glasses is regarded as a promising alternative to conventional cryopreservation. Evidence from various studies has suggested that there is …             Isotope signatures of N2O emitted from vegetable soil: Ammonia oxidation drives N2O production in NH4+-fertilized soil of North China ▶     Wei Zhang, Yuzhong Li, Chunying Xu et al.     Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas. In North China, vegetable fields are amended with high levels of N fertilizer and irrigation water, which causes massive N2O flux. …             Investigating the dynamics of surface-immobilized DNA nanomachines ▶     Katherine E. Dunn, Martin A. Trefzer, Steven Johnson et al.     Surface-immobilization of molecules can have a profound influence on their structure, function and dynamics. Toehold-mediated strand displacement is often used in solution to …             Paramagnetic Structures within a Microfluidic Channel for Enhanced Immunomagnetic Isolation and Surface Patterning of Cells ▶     Chen Sun, Hamid Hassanisaber, Richard Yu et al.     In this report, we demonstrate a unique method for embedding magnetic structures inside a microfluidic channel for cell isolation. We used a molding process to fabricate these …             Peroxiredoxin 1 interacts with and blocks the redox factor APE1 from activating interleukin-8 expression ▶     Hassan Nassour, Zhiqiang Wang, Amine Saad et al.     APE1 is an essential DNA repair protein that also possesses the ability to regulate transcription. It has a unique cysteine residue C65, which maintains the reduce state of …             Sexual complementarity between host humoral toxicity and soldier caste in a polyembryonic wasp ▶     Daisuke Uka, Takuma Sakamoto, Jin Yoshimura et al.     Defense against enemies is a type of natural selection considered fundamentally equivalent between the sexes. In reality, however, whether males and females differ in defense …             Inferring phylogeny and speciation of Gymnosporangium species, and their coevolution with host plants ▶     Peng Zhao, Fang Liu, Ying-Ming Li et al.     Gymnosporangium species (Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales) cause serious diseases and significant economic losses to apple cultivars. Most of the reported species are heteroecious and …             Regional differences in health, diet and weaning patterns amongst the first Neolithic farmers of central Europe ▶     Abigail Ash, Michael Francken, Ildikó Pap et al.     Across much of central Europe, the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) represents the first Neolithic communities. Arising in Transdanubia around 5500 cal. BC the LBK spread west to the …             Molecular evolution of the capsid gene in human norovirus genogroup II ▶     Miho Kobayashi, Yuki Matsushima, Takumi Motoya et al.     Capsid protein of norovirus genogroup II (GII) plays crucial roles in host infection. Although studies on capsid gene evolution have been conducted for a few genotypes of …             Exome sequencing in pooled DNA samples to identify maternal pre-eclampsia risk variants ▶     Tea Kaartokallio, Jingwen Wang, Seppo Heinonen et al.     Pre-eclampsia is a common pregnancy disorder that is a major cause for maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Variants predisposing to pre-eclampsia might be under …             Caenorhabditis elegans employs innate and learned aversion in response to bacterial toxic metabolites tambjamine and violacein ▶     Francesco Ballestriero, Jadranka Nappi, Giuseppina Zampi et al.     Bacteriovorus eukaryotes such as nematodes are one of the major natural predators of bacteria. In their defense bacteria have evolved a number of strategies to avoid predation, …             mCSM-lig: quantifying the effects of mutations on protein-small molecule affinity in genetic disease and emergence of drug resistance ▶     Douglas E. V. Pires, Tom L. Blundell, David B. Ascher     The ability to predict how a mutation affects ligand binding is an essential step in understanding, anticipating and improving the design of new treatments for drug resistance, …             Corrigendum: Are viruses important in the plankton of highly turbid glacier-fed lakes? ▶     Fabian Drewes, Hannes Peter, Ruben Sommaruga                 The Maternal Effect Genes UTX and JMJD3 Play Contrasting Roles in Mus musculus Preimplantation Embryo Development ▶     Lei Yang, Li-Shuang Song, Xue-Fei Liu et al.     During the process of embryonic development in mammals, epigenetic modifications must be erased and reconstructed. In particular, the trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 …             Systems view of adipogenesis via novel omics-driven and tissue-specific activity scoring of network functional modules ▶     Isar Nassiri, Rosario Lombardo, Mario Lauria et al.     The investigation of the complex processes involved in cellular differentiation must be based on unbiased, high throughput data processing methods to identify relevant biological …             Arabidopsis thaliana extracts optimized for polyphenols production as potential therapeutics for the APOE-modulated neuroinflammation characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease in vitro ▶     Shivesh Ghura, Leon Tai, Ming Zhao et al.     Although the cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is unknown, glial-induced neuroinflammation is an early symptom. Familial AD is caused by increases in amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, …             The effects of cytosine methylation on general transcription factors ▶     Jianshi Jin, Tengfei Lian, Chan Gu et al.     DNA methylation on CpG sites is the most common epigenetic modification. Recently, methylation in a non-CpG context was found to occur widely on genomic DNA. Moreover, …             A high-sensitivity HPLC assay for measuring intracellular Na+ and K+ and its application to Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes ▶     Markus Winterberg, Kiaran Kirk     The measurement of intracellular ion concentrations, and the screening of chemical agents to identify molecules targeting ion transport, has traditionally involved low-throughput …             Bisphenol A affects early bovine embryo development and metabolism that is negated by an oestrogen receptor inhibitor ▶     Bom-Ie Choi, Alexandra J. Harvey, Mark P. Green     Increasing evidence supports an association between exposure to endocrine disruptors, such as the xenoestrogen bisphenol A (BPA), a commonly used plasticiser, and the …             Delineation of six species of the primitive algal genus Glaucocystis based on in situ ultrastructural characteristics ▶     Toshiyuki Takahashi, Tomoki Nishida, Akihiro Tuji et al.     The field of microbiology was established in the 17th century upon the discovery of microorganisms by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek using a single-lens microscope. Now, the detailed …             Independent Tumor Origin in Two Cases of Synchronous Bilateral Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma ▶     Zhengguo Ji, Jialu Zhao, Tian Zhao et al.     Bilateral renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) pose a challenge for clinical treatment and management. Most bilateral RCCs are sporadic, and do not show a hereditary pattern indicative …             Metabolite profiling of Dioscorea (yam) species reveals underutilised biodiversity and renewable sources for high-value compounds ▶     Elliott J. Price, Paul Wilkin, Viswambharan Sarasan et al.     Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are a multispecies crop with production in over 50 countries generating ~50 MT of edible tubers annually. The long-term storage potential of these tubers is …             Quantifying mammalian genomic DNA hydroxymethylcytosine content using solid-state nanopores ▶     Osama K. Zahid, Boxuan Simen Zhao, Chuan He et al.     5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5 hmC), the oxidized form of 5-methylcytosine (5 mC), is a base modification with emerging importance in biology and disease. However, like most …             The relationship between sex change and reproductive success in a protandric marine gastropod ▶     Antonio Brante, Adriana Quiñones, Francisco Silva     Protandric species switch sex during their lifetime. According to theory, the time (body size) at which sex change occurs is determined by the reproductive success of individuals …             Production of dumbbell probe through hairpin cleavage-ligation and increasing RCA sensitivity and specificity by circle to circle amplification ▶     Hua Wei, Suming Tang, Tianyu Hu et al.     Dumbbell probe (DP) attracts increasing interests in rolling circle amplification (RCA). A universal DP production method through cleavage-ligation of hairpin was proposed and …             Real and hypothetical monetary rewards modulate risk taking in the brain ▶     Sihua Xu, Yu Pan, You Wang et al.     Both real and hypothetical monetary rewards are widely used as reinforcers in risk taking and decision making studies. However, whether real and hypothetical monetary rewards …             Comparative genomic and functional analyses: unearthing the diversity and specificity of nematicidal factors in Pseudomonas putida strain 1A00316 ▶     Jing Guo, Xueping Jing, Wen-Lei Peng et al.     We isolated Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) strain 1A00316 from Antarctica. This bacterium has a high efficiency against Meloidogyne incognita (M. incognita) in vitro and under …             Increased frequency of self-fertile isolates in Phytophthora infestans may attribute to their higher fitness relative to the A1 isolates ▶     Wen Zhu, Lin-Lin Shen, Zhi-Guo Fang et al.     Knowledge of population dynamics of mating types is important for better understanding pathogen’s evolutionary potential and sustainable management of natural and chemical …             In-situ coupling between kinase activities and protein dynamics within single focal adhesions ▶     Yiqian Wu, Kaiwen Zhang, Jihye Seong et al.     The dynamic activation of oncogenic kinases and regulation of focal adhesions (FAs) are crucial molecular events modulating cell adhesion in cancer metastasis. However, it …             LysGH15 kills Staphylococcus aureus without being affected by the humoral immune response or inducing inflammation ▶     Lei Zhang, Dong Li, Xinwei Li et al.     The lysin LysGH15, derived from the staphylococcal phage GH15, exhibits a wide lytic spectrum and highly efficient lytic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus …             Engineering de novo disulfide bond in bacterial α-type carbonic anhydrase for thermostable carbon sequestration ▶     Byung Hoon Jo, Tae Yoon Park, Hyun June Park et al.     Exploiting carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme that rapidly catalyzes carbon dioxide hydration, is an attractive biomimetic route for carbon sequestration due to its environmental …             Green tea catechins are potent anti-oxidants that ameliorate sodium iodate-induced retinal degeneration in rats ▶     Yaping Yang, Yong Jie Qin, Yolanda W. Y. Yip et al.     Green tea extracts exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions in different disease conditions. We hypothesized that green tea extract and its catechin constituents …             Controllable Molecule Transport and Release by a Restorable Surface-tethered DNA nanodevice ▶     Zhaoyin Wang, Yuanyuan Xu, Haiyan Wang et al.     In this paper, we report a novel surface-tethered DNA nanodevice that may present three states and undergo conformational changes under the operation of pH. Besides, convenient …             Immunophenotyping of rheumatoid arthritis reveals a linkage between HLA-DRB1 genotype, CXCR4 expression on memory CD4+ T cells, and disease activity ▶     Yasuo Nagafuchi, Hirofumi Shoda, Shuji Sumitomo et al.     Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that leads to destructive arthritis. Although the HLA class II locus is the strongest genetic risk factor …             Tumour sampling method can significantly influence gene expression profiles derived from neoadjuvant window studies ▶     Dominic A. Pearce, Laura M. Arthur, Arran K. Turnbull et al.     Patient-matched transcriptomic studies using tumour samples before and after treatment allow inter-patient heterogeneity to be controlled, but tend not to include an untreated …             A native promoter and inclusion of an intron is necessary for efficient expression of GFP or mRFP in Armillaria mellea ▶     Kathryn L. Ford, Kendra Baumgartner, Béatrice Henricot et al.     Armillaria mellea is a significant pathogen that causes Armillaria root disease on numerous hosts in forests, gardens and agricultural environments worldwide. Using a …             EcoTILLING revealed SNPs in GhSus genes that are associated with fiber- and seed-related traits in upland cotton ▶     Yan-Da Zeng, Jun-Ling Sun, Su-Hong Bu et al.     Cotton is the most important textile crop in the world due to its cellulose-enriched fibers. Sucrose synthase genes (Sus) play pivotal roles in cotton fiber and seed development. …             The effect of statins on prostate cancer recurrence and mortality after definitive therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis ▶     Ping Tan, Shiyou Wei, Lu Yang et al.     In this work, we aim to further analyze the association of statins use with biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) and PCa-specific mortality after definitive …             Stiffness of the microenvironment upregulates ERBB2 expression in 3D cultures of MCF10A within the range of mammographic density ▶     Qingsu Cheng, Cemal Cagatay Bilgin, Gerald Fonteney et al.     The effects of the stiffness of the microenvironment on the molecular response of 3D colony organization, at the maximum level of mammographic density (MD), are investigated. …             Sonar beam dynamics in leaf-nosed bats ▶     Meike Linnenschmidt, Lutz Wiegrebe     Ultrasonic emissions of bats are directional and delimit the echo-acoustic space. Directionality is quantified by the aperture of the sonar beam. Recent work has shown that bats …             The RNA binding protein HuR determines the differential translation of autism-associated FoxP subfamily members in the developing neocortex ▶     T. Popovitchenko, K. Thompson, B. Viljetic et al.     Forkhead-box domain (Fox) containing family members are known to play a role in neocorticogenesis and have also been associated with disorders on the autism spectrum. Here we …             Interactive Organization of the Circadian Core Regulators PER2, BMAL1, CLOCK and PML ▶     Takao Miki, Zhaoyang Zhao, Cheng Chi Lee     The BMAL1 and CLOCK heterodimer in the mammalian circadian transcriptional complex is thought to be repressed by PER2 and CRY1 via direct interactions. We recently reported that …             The adipokine lipocalin-2 in the context of the osteoarthritic osteochondral junction ▶     Amanda Villalvilla, Adela García-Martín, Raquel Largo et al.     Obesity and osteoarthritis (OA) form a vicious circle in which obesity contributes to cartilage destruction in OA, and OA-associated sedentary behaviour promotes weight gain. …             HCV RNA Activates APCs via TLR7/TLR8 While Virus Selectively Stimulates Macrophages Without Inducing Antiviral Responses ▶     Yuwei Zhang, Mohamed El-Far, Franck P. Dupuy et al.     The innate and adaptive immune systems fail to control HCV infection in the majority of infected individuals. HCV is an ssRNA virus, which suggests a role for Toll-like receptors …             Estimation of brain network ictogenicity predicts outcome from epilepsy surgery ▶     M. Goodfellow, C. Rummel, E. Abela et al.     Surgery is a valuable option for pharmacologically intractable epilepsy. However, significant post-operative improvements are not always attained. This is due in part to our …             White spot syndrome virus entry is dependent on multiple endocytic routes and strongly facilitated by Cq-GABARAP in a CME-dependent manner ▶     Rong-yuan Chen, Kai-li Shen, Zhen Chen et al.     White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a lethal pathogen of shrimp and many other crustaceans, including crayfish. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its cellular entry …             Adaptive immunity against gut microbiota enhances apoE-mediated immune regulation and reduces atherosclerosis and western-diet-related inflammation ▶     Diego Saita, Roberto Ferrarese, Chiara Foglieni et al.     Common features of immune-metabolic and inflammatory diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases are an altered gut microbiota composition …             Pathogenesis of Streptococcus urinary tract infection depends on bacterial strain and β-hemolysin/cytolysin that mediates cytotoxicity, cytokine synthesis, inflammation and virulence ▶     Sophie Y. Leclercq, Matthew J. Sullivan, Deepak S. Ipe et al.     Streptococcus agalactiae can cause urinary tract infection (UTI) including cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). The early host-pathogen interactions that occur during S. …             How antibodies alter the cell entry pathway of dengue virus particles in macrophages ▶     Nilda V. Ayala-Nunez, Tabitha E. Hoornweg, Denise P.I. van de Pol et al.     Antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus (DENV) infection plays an important role in the exacerbation of DENV-induced disease. To understand how antibodies influence the …             The integrative role of orexin/hypocretin neurons in nociceptive perception and analgesic regulation ▶     Ayumu Inutsuka, Akira Yamashita, Srikanta Chowdhury et al.     The level of wakefulness is one of the major factors affecting nociception and pain. Stress-induced analgesia supports an animal’s survival via prompt defensive responses against …             High-throughput analysis of the satellitome illuminates satellite DNA evolution ▶     Francisco J. Ruiz-Ruano, María Dolores López-León, Josefa Cabrero et al.     Satellite DNA (satDNA) is a major component yet the great unknown of eukaryote genomes and clearly underrepresented in genome sequencing projects. Here we show the …             Citrate Accumulation-Related Gene Expression and/or Enzyme Activity Analysis Combined With Metabolomics Provide a Novel Insight for an Orange Mutant ▶     Ling-Xia Guo, Cai-Yun Shi, Xiao Liu et al.     ‘Hong Anliu’ (HAL, Citrus sinensis cv. Hong Anliu) is a bud mutant of ‘Anliu’ (AL), characterized by a comprehensive metabolite alteration, such as lower accumulation of citrate, …             Glycoform-independent prion conversion by highly efficient, cell-based, protein misfolding cyclic amplification ▶     Mohammed Moudjou, Jérôme Chapuis, Mériem Mekrouti et al.     Prions are formed of misfolded assemblies (PrPSc) of the variably N-glycosylated cellular prion protein (PrPC). In infected species, prions replicate by seeding the conversion …             COG lobe B sub-complex engages v-SNARE GS15 and functions via regulated interaction with lobe A sub-complex ▶     Rose Willett, Jessica Bailey Blackburn, Leslie Climer et al.     The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is a peripheral membrane protein complex which orchestrates tethering of intra-Golgi vesicles. We found that COG1-4 (lobe A) and 5–8 …             Phenol-soluble modulin α4 mediates Staphylococcus aureus-associated vascular leakage by stimulating heparin-binding protein release from neutrophils ▶     Lin li, Yaya Pian, Shaolong Chen et al.     Vascular leakage frequently occurs in patients with severe Staphylococcus aureus infection. However, the mechanism underlying S. aureus infection-induced vascular leakage remains …             Conditional ablation of myeloid TNF increases lesion volume after experimental stroke in mice, possibly via altered ERK1/2 signaling ▶     Bettina Hjelm Clausen, Matilda Degn, Mithula Sivasaravanaparan et al.     Microglia are activated following cerebral ischemia and increase their production of the neuro- and immunomodulatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). To address the function …             Amyloid precursor protein expression and processing are differentially regulated during cortical neuron differentiation ▶     Petra Bergström, Lotta Agholme, Faisal Hayat Nazir et al.     Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its cleavage product amyloid β (Aβ) have been thoroughly studied in Alzheimer’s disease. However, APP also appears to be important for …             The transcriptomes of novel marmoset monkey embryonic stem cell lines reflect distinct genomic features ▶     Katharina Debowski, Charis Drummer, Jana Lentes et al.     Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are useful for the study of embryonic development. However, since research on naturally conceived human embryos is limited, non-human primate (NHP) …             STAT3 Represses Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Human Macrophages upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection ▶     Christophe J. Queval, Ok-Ryul Song, Nathalie Deboosère et al.     Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a successful intracellular pathogen. Numerous host innate immune responses signaling pathways are induced upon mycobacterium invasion, however their …             Optimal Perceived Timing: Integrating Sensory Information with Dynamically Updated Expectations ▶     Massimiliano Di Luca, Darren Rhodes     The environment has a temporal structure, and knowing when a stimulus will appear translates into increased perceptual performance. Here we investigated how the human brain …             Erratum: Once daily administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, attenuates markers of renal fibrosis without improving albuminuria in diabetic db/db mice ▶     Linda A. Gallo, Micheal S. Ward, Amelia K. Fotheringham et al.                 S1PR2 variants associated with auditory function in humans and endocochlear potential decline in mouse ▶     Neil J. Ingham, Francesca Carlisle, Selina Pearson et al.     Progressive hearing loss is very common in the population but we still know little about the underlying pathology. A new spontaneous mouse mutation (stonedeaf, stdf ) leading to …             Efficient Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus Infection by a preS1-binding Peptide ▶     Xiaoli Ye, Ming Zhou, Yonggang He et al.     Entry inhibitors are promising novel antivirals against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The existing potential entry inhibitors have targeted the cellular receptor(s). In this …             Phenotypic flexibility of gape anatomy fine-tunes the aquatic prey-capture system of newts ▶     Sam Van Wassenbergh, Egon Heiss     A unique example of phenotypic flexibility of the oral apparatus is present in newts (Salamandridae) that seasonally change between an aquatic and a terrestrial habitat. Newts …             Importance of mosquito “quasispecies” in selecting an epidemic arthropod-borne virus ▶     Marie Vazeille, Karima Zouache, Anubis Vega-Rúa et al.     Most arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), perpetuated by alternation between a vertebrate host and an insect vector, are likely to emerge through minor genetic changes enabling …             Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and fracture risk: an updated meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials ▶     Jianying Fu, Jianhong Zhu, Yehua Hao et al.     Data on the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on fracture risk are conflicting. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized …             Solar irradiance dictates settlement timing and intensity of marine mussels ▶     Isabel Fuentes-Santos, Uxío Labarta, X. Antón Álvarez-Salgado et al.     Identifying the environmental factors driving larval settlement processes is crucial to understand the population dynamics of marine invertebrates. This work aims to go a step …             Protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) enhances Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDA receptor in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) ▶     Zhen-Zhen Duan, Feng Zhang, Feng-Ying Li et al.     It has been demonstrated that Src could modulate NMDA receptor, and PAR1 could also affect NMDAR signaling. However, whether PAR1 could regulate NMDAR through Src under ICH has …             Overexpression of Mycothiol Disulfide Reductase Enhances Corynebacterium glutamicum Robustness by Modulating Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Antioxidant Proteins under Oxidative Stress ▶     Meiru Si, Chao Zhao, Bing Zhang et al.     Mycothiol (MSH) is the dominant low-molecular-weight thiol (LMWT) unique to high-(G+C)-content Gram-positive Actinobacteria, such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, and is oxidised …             Fabrication of water-soluble polymer-encapsulated As4S4 to increase oral bioavailability and chemotherapeutic efficacy in AML mice ▶     Qiang Ma, Chuan Wang, Xiaojin Li et al.     Realgar (As4S4) has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML); it has the advantages of no drug resistance and oral administration. …             An investigation of the antibacterial ability and cytotoxicity of a novel cu-bearing 317L stainless steel ▶     Da Sun, Dake Xu, Chunguang Yang et al.     In order to solve the challenging problem of microbial infections caused by microorganisms on medical implants, it is imperative to develop novel antimicrobial biomaterials. This …             Utilizing the micron sized non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma inside the animal body for the tumor treatment application ▶     Shahriar Mirpour, Somayeh Piroozmand, Neda Soleimani et al.     This study aimed to evaluate the effects of micron sized non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma inside the animal body on breast cancer tumor. The μ-plasma jet consists of …             miR-7a/b attenuates post-myocardial infarction remodeling and protects H9c2 cardiomyoblast against hypoxia-induced apoptosis involving Sp1 and PARP-1 ▶     Rui Li, Hai-hua Geng, Jie Xiao et al.     miRs (microRNAs, miRNAs) intricately regulate physiological and pathological processes. Although miR-7a/b protects against cardiomyocyte injury in ischemia/reperfusion injury, …             Application of an in vitro-amplification assay as a novel pre-screening test for compounds inhibiting the aggregation of prion protein scrapie ▶     Matthias Schmitz, Maria Cramm, Franc Llorens et al.     In vitro amplification assays, such as real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) are used to detect aggregation activity of misfolded prion protein (PrP) in brain, …             Global alternans instability and its effect on non-linear wave propagation: dynamical Wenckebach block and self terminating spiral waves ▶     Nele Vandersickel, Arne Defauw, Peter Dawyndt et al.     The main mechanism of formation of reentrant cardiac arrhythmias is via formation of waveblocks at heterogeneities of cardiac tissue. We report that heterogeneity and the area of …             TRPC6 channel activation promotes neonatal glomerular mesangial cell apoptosis via calcineurin/NFAT and FasL/Fas signaling pathways ▶     Hitesh Soni, Adebowale Adebiyi     Glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) proliferation and death are involved in the pathogenesis of glomerular disorders. The mechanisms that control GMC survival are poorly understood, …             The focus on sample quality: Influence of colon tissue collection on reliability of qPCR data ▶     Vlasta Korenkova, Jana Slyskova, Vendula Novosadova et al.     Successful molecular analyses of human solid tissues require intact biological material with well-preserved nucleic acids, proteins, and other cell structures. Pre-analytical …             Corrigendum: Elimination of HIV-1 Genomes from Human T-lymphoid Cells by CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing ▶     Rafal Kaminski, Yilan Chen, Tracy Fischer et al.                 The role of interconnectivity in control of an Ebola epidemic ▶     J. C. Blackwood, L. M. Childs     Several West African countries - Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea - experienced significant morbidity and mortality during the largest Ebola epidemic to date, from late 2013 …             The presence of bacteria within tissue provides insights into the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus ▶     Yun Sik Choi, Yunji Kim, Hye-Jung Yoon et al.     Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic T cell-mediated mucocutaneous disease of unknown etiopathogenesis. Although various antigens have been considered, what actually triggers …             Monocyte polarization in children with falciparum malaria: relationship to nitric oxide insufficiency and disease severity ▶     J. Brice Weinberg, Alicia D. Volkheimer, Matthew P. Rubach et al.     We earlier established that nitric oxide (NO) is protective against severe malaria and that arginine and NO levels are reduced in malaria patients. We now show that an M2-like …             A novel Plasmodium falciparum rhoptry associated adhesin mediates erythrocyte invasion through the sialic-acid dependent pathway ▶     Gaurav Anand, K. Sony Reddy, Alok Kumar Pandey et al.     Erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum merozoites is central to blood-stage infection and malaria pathogenesis. This intricate process is coordinated by multiple parasite …             Molecular basis of the remarkable species selectivity of an insecticidal sodium channel toxin from the African spider Augacephalus ezendami ▶     Volker Herzig, Maria Ikonomopoulou, Jennifer J. Smith et al.     The inexorable decline in the armament of registered chemical insecticides has stimulated research into environmentally-friendly alternatives. Insecticidal spider-venom peptides …             Limits of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Gene Expression-Based Biomarkers in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ▶     Laiping Wong, Kaiyu Jiang, Yanmin Chen et al.     Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is one of the most common chronic disease conditions affecting children in the USA. As with many rheumatic diseases, there is growing interest …             A crystal-clear zebrafish for in vivo imaging ▶     Paride Antinucci, Robert Hindges     The larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an excellent vertebrate model for in vivo imaging of biological phenomena at subcellular, cellular and systems levels. However, the optical …             Limbic areas are functionally decoupled and visual cortex takes a more central role during fear conditioning in humans ▶     Chrysa Lithari, Stephan Moratti, Nathan Weisz     Going beyond the focus on isolated brain regions (e.g. amygdala), recent neuroimaging studies on fear conditioning point to the relevance of a network of mutually interacting …             Telomere Visualization in Tissue Sections using Pyrrole–Imidazole Polyamide Probes ▶     Asuka Sasaki, Satoru Ide, Yusuke Kawamoto et al.     Pyrrole–Imidazole (PI) polyamides bind to specific DNA sequences in the minor groove with high affinity. Specific DNA labeling by PI polyamides does not require DNA denaturation …             Comparative analyses across cattle genders and breeds reveal the pitfalls caused by false positive and lineage-differential copy number variations ▶     Yang Zhou, Yuri T. Utsunomiya, Lingyang Xu et al.     We compared CNV region (CNVR) results derived from 1,682 Nellore cattle with equivalent results derived from our previous analysis of Bovine HapMap samples. By comparing CNV …             Locomotor preferences in terrestrial vertebrates: An online crowdsourcing approach to data collection ▶     John Lees, James Gardiner, James Usherwood et al.     Understanding how animals move within their environment is a burgeoning field of research. Despite this, relatively basic data, such as the locomotor speeds that animals choose …             Serological detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in citrus, and identification by GeLC-MS/MS of a chaperone protein responding to cellular pathogens ▶     Fang Ding, Yongping Duan, Qing Yuan et al.     We describe experiments with antibodies against ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus used to detect the pathogen in infected plants. We used scFv selected to bind epitopes exposed …             Cyclic di-GMP contributes to adaption and virulence of Bacillus thuringiensis through a riboswitch-regulated collagen adhesion protein ▶     Qing Tang, Kang Yin, Hongliang Qian et al.     Cyclic di-GMP is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates diverse cellular processes in bacteria by binding to various protein or riboswitch effectors. In Bacillus …             Patterns of theta oscillation reflect the neural basis of individual differences in epistemic motivation ▶     Patrick Mussel, Natalie Ulrich, John J. B. Allen et al.     Theta oscillations in the EEG have been shown to reflect ongoing cognitive processes related to mental effort. Here, we show that the pattern of theta oscillation in response to …             Neandertal cannibalism and Neandertal bones used as tools in Northern Europe ▶     Hélène Rougier, Isabelle Crevecoeur, Cédric Beauval et al.     Almost 150 years after the first identification of Neandertal skeletal material, the cognitive and symbolic abilities of these populations remain a subject of intense debate. We …             Redefining the “carrier” state for foot-and-mouth disease from the dynamics of virus persistence in endemically affected cattle populations ▶     Barend M. deC. Bronsvoort, Ian G. Handel, Charles K. Nfon et al.     The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) “carrier” state was defined by van Bekkum in 1959. It was based on the recovery of infectious virus 28 days or more post infection and has …             Mutations in the G-domain of Ski7 cause specific dysfunction in non-stop decay ▶     Wataru Horikawa, Kei Endo, Miki Wada et al.     Ski7 functions as a cofactor in both normal mRNA turnover and non-stop mRNA decay (NSD) mRNA surveillance in budding yeast. The N-terminal region of Ski7 (Ski7N) interacts with …             New insight into the dynamical system of αB-crystallin oligomers ▶     Rintaro Inoue, Takumi Takata, Norihiko Fujii et al.     α-Crystallin possesses a dynamic quaternary structure mediated by its subunit dynamics. Elucidation of a mechanism of subunit dynamics in homo-oligomers of αB-crystallin was …             Regulation of Schwann cell proliferation and migration by miR-1 targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor after peripheral nerve injury ▶     Sheng Yi, Ying Yuan, Qianqian Chen et al.     Peripheral nerve injury is a global problem that causes disability and severe socioeconomic burden. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) benefits peripheral nerve …             Inhibitory effect of 2-methyl-naphtho[1,2,3-de]quinolin-8-one on melanosome transport and skin pigmentation ▶     Jong il Park, Ha Yeon Lee, Ji Eun Lee et al.     Melanosomes are lysosome-related organelles with specialized capabilities of melanin synthesis and movement mediated by the Rab27a-Melanophilin-MyosinVa protein complex. In this …             Prognostic Impact of the Signet Ring Cell Type in Node-Negative Gastric Cancer ▶     Pengfei Kong, Ruiyan Wu, Chenlu Yang et al.     Little is known regarding the prognostic impact of the signet ring cell (SRC) histotype on negative lymph nodes (LNs) in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we aimed to …             Proteome-wide analysis of lysine acetylation in the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea ▶     Binna Lv, Qianqian Yang, Delong Li et al.     Lysine acetylation is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification that plays an important role in diverse cellular processes. Botrytis cinerea is the most thoroughly …             Altered resting-state neural activity and changes following a craving behavioral intervention for Internet gaming disorder ▶     Jin-Tao Zhang, Yuan-Wei Yao, Marc N. Potenza et al.     Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become a serious mental health issue worldwide. Evaluating the benefits of interventions for IGD is of great significance. Thirty-six young …             Evolutionary pressures on microbial metabolic strategies in the chemostat ▶     Meike T. Wortel, Evert Bosdriesz, Bas Teusink et al.     Protein expression is shaped by evolutionary processes that tune microbial fitness. The limited biosynthetic capacity of a cell constrains protein expression and forces the cell …             Self-assembly of c-myc DNA promoted by a single enantiomer ruthenium complex as a potential nuclear targeting gene carrier ▶     Qiong Wu, Wenjie Mei, Kangdi Zheng et al.     Gene therapy has long been limited in the clinic, due in part to the lack of safety and efficacy of the gene carrier. Herein, a single enantiomer ruthenium(II) complex, Λ-[Ru(bpy)…             How vision and self-motion combine or compete during path reproduction changes with age ▶     Karin Petrini, Andrea Caradonna, Celia Foster et al.     Human adults can optimally integrate visual and non-visual self-motion cues when navigating, while children up to 8 years old cannot. Whether older children can is unknown, …             “Calibration-on-the-spot”: How to calibrate an EMCCD camera from its images ▶     Kim I. Mortensen, Henrik Flyvbjerg     In order to count photons with a camera, the camera must be calibrated. Photon counting is necessary, e.g., to determine the precision of localization-based super-resolution …             Modelling survival: exposure pattern, species sensitivity and uncertainty ▶     Roman Ashauer, Carlo Albert, Starrlight Augustine et al.     The General Unified Threshold model for Survival (GUTS) integrates previously published toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic models and estimates survival with explicitly defined …             Definition of a Skp2-c-Myc Pathway to Expand Human Beta-cells ▶     Shiwani Tiwari, Chris Roel, Mansoor Tanwir et al.     Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and reduced functional β-cell mass. Developmental differences, failure of adaptive expansion and loss of β-cells via …             MSC from fetal and adult lungs possess lung-specific properties compared to bone marrow-derived MSC ▶     Sara Rolandsson Enes, Annika Andersson Sjöland, Ingrid Skog et al.     Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are multipotent cells with regenerative and immune-modulatory properties. Therefore, MSC have been proposed as a potential cell-therapy for …             Efficient nucleic acid delivery to murine regulatory T cells by gold nanoparticle conjugates ▶     Lisa Gamrad, Christoph Rehbock, Astrid M. Westendorf et al.     Immune responses have to be tightly controlled to guarantee maintenance of immunological tolerance and efficient clearance of pathogens and tumorigenic cells without induction of …             The genome and transcriptome of Trichormus sp. NMC-1: insights into adaptation to extreme environments on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ▶     Qin Qiao, Yanyan Huang, Ji Qi et al.     The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) has the highest biodiversity for an extreme environment worldwide, and provides an ideal natural laboratory to study adaptive evolution. In this …             A novel strain of Bacteroides fragilis enhances phagocytosis and polarises M1 macrophages ▶     Huimin Deng, Zhengchao Li, Yafang Tan et al.     Commensal Bacteroides fragilis possesses immune-regulatory characteristics. Consequently, it has been proposed as a potential novel probiotic because of its therapeutic effects …             Upregulation of MicroRNA-214 Contributes to the Development of Vascular Remodeling in Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension Via Targeting CCNL2 ▶     HaiTao Liu, Yin Tao, Mai Chen et al.     Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is characterized by vascular remodeling of blood vessels, is a significant complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary …             Impaired neurodevelopment by the low complexity domain of CPEB4 reveals a convergent pathway with neurodegeneration ▶     Jihae Shin, Johnny S. Salameh, Joel D. Richter     CPEB4 is an RNA binding protein expressed in neuronal tissues including brain and spinal cord. CPEB4 has two domains: one that is structured for RNA binding and one that is …             Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Virus Infection in Primary Human Macrophages; Balancing Higher Fusion against Antiviral Responses ▶     Jacky Flipse, Mayra A. Diosa-Toro, Tabitha E. Hoornweg et al.     The dogma is that the human immune system protects us against pathogens. Yet, several viruses, like dengue virus, antagonize the hosts’ antibodies to enhance their viral load and …             3D map of the human corneal endothelial cell ▶     Zhiguo He, Fabien Forest, Philippe Gain et al.     Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) are terminally differentiated cells, specialized in regulating corneal hydration and transparency. They are highly polarized flat cells that …             Spherulization as a process for the exudation of chemical cues by the encrusting sponge C. crambe ▶     Eva Ternon, Lina Zarate, Sandrine Chenesseau et al.     Ecological interactions in the marine environment are now recognized to be partly held by chemical cues produced by marine organisms. In particular, sponges are sessile animals …             Pronounced genetic differentiation and recent secondary contact in the mangrove tree Lumnitzera racemosa revealed by population genomic analyses ▶     Jianfang Li, Yuchen Yang, Qipian Chen et al.     Systematically investigating the impacts of Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations on mangrove plants may provide a better understanding of their demographic history and useful …             Defined enzyme cocktail from the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain C1A effectively releases sugars from pretreated corn stover and switchgrass ▶     Jessica M. Morrison, Mostafa S. Elshahed, Noha H. Youssef     The anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces strain C1A is capable of growth on various types of lignocellulosic substrates, and harbors an impressive reservoir of carbohydrate active …             Curcumin ameliorates neuropathic pain by down-regulating spinal IL-1β via suppressing astroglial NALP1 inflammasome and JAK2-STAT3 signalling ▶     Shenbin Liu, Qian Li, Meng-Ting Zhang et al.     Curcumin has been shown to possess strong anti-inflammatory activity in many diseases. It has been demonstrated that the janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of …             Neural activity in the medial parietal area V6A while grasping with or without visual feedback ▶     Rossella Breveglieri, Annalisa Bosco, Claudio Galletti et al.     Recent works have reported that grasping movements are controlled not only by the dorsolateral visual stream, as generally thought, but also by the dorsomedial visual stream, and …             An emerging zoonotic clone in the Netherlands provides clues to virulence and zoonotic potential of Streptococcus suis ▶     N. Willemse, K. J. Howell, L. A. Weinert et al.     Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic swine pathogen and a major public health concern in Asia, where it emerged as an important cause of bacterial meningitis in adults. While …             K-Ras and cyclooxygenase-2 coactivation augments intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and Notch1 mimicking human pancreas lesions ▶     Sara Chiblak, Brigitte Steinbauer, Andrea Pohl-Arnold et al.     Mutational activation of K-Ras is an initiating event of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) that may develop either from pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) or …             Rev-erbα in the brain is essential for circadian food entrainment ▶     Julien Delezie, Stéphanie Dumont, Cristina Sandu et al.     Foraging is costly in terms of time and energy. An endogenous food-entrainable system allows anticipation of predictable changes of food resources in nature. Yet the molecular …             Multifaceted anti-amyloidogenic and pro-amyloidogenic effects of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P component in vitro ▶     Daisaku Ozawa, Ryo Nomura, P. Patrizia Mangione et al.     C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP), two major classical pentraxins in humans, are soluble pattern recognition molecules that regulate the innate immune …             Multicenter study on caries risk assessment in adults using survival Classification and Regression Trees ▶     Masumi Arino, Ataru Ito, Shozo Fujiki et al.     Dental caries is an important public health problem worldwide. This study aims to prove how preventive therapies reduce the onset of caries in adult patients, and to identify …             Comparison of large networks with sub-sampling strategies ▶     Waqar Ali, Anatol E. Wegner, Robert E. Gaunt et al.     Networks are routinely used to represent large data sets, making the comparison of networks a tantalizing research question in many areas. Techniques for such analysis vary from …             Conformational Heterogeneity of Bax Helix 9 Dimer for Apoptotic Pore Formation ▶     Chenyi Liao, Zhi Zhang, Justin Kale et al.     Helix α9 of Bax protein can dimerize in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) and lead to apoptotic pores. However, it remains unclear how different conformations of the dimer …             3D patterned stem cell differentiation using thermo-responsive methylcellulose hydrogel molds ▶     Wonjae Lee, Jon Park     Tissue-specific patterned stem cell differentiation serves as the basis for the development, remodeling, and regeneration of the multicellular structure of the native tissues. We …             High Level of Anaphylatoxin C5a Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma ▶     Wei Xi, Li Liu, Jiajun Wang et al.     Anaphylatoxin C5a, a potent pro-inflammatory peptide produced in the process of complement activation, was proved to have a vital role in tumor initiation and progession by …             Neural substrates predicting short-term improvement of tinnitus loudness and distress after modified tinnitus retraining therapy ▶     Shin Hye Kim, Ji Hye Jang, Sang-Yeon Lee et al.     Although tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) is efficacious in most patients, the exact mechanism is unclear and no predictor of improvement is available. We correlated the extent …             Destabilizing an interacting motif strengthens the association of a designed ankyrin repeat protein with tubulin ▶     Shoeb Ahmad, Ludovic Pecqueur, Birgit Dreier et al.     Affinity maturation by random mutagenesis and selection is an established technique to make binding molecules more suitable for applications in biomedical research, diagnostics …             Widespread detection of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses in wild birds from the Pacific Flyway of the United States ▶     S. N. Bevins, R. J. Dusek, C. L. White et al.     A novel highly pathogenic avian influenza virus belonging to the H5 clade 2.3.4.4 variant viruses was detected in North America in late 2014. Motivated by the identification of …             4-aminopyridine reverses ataxia and cerebellar firing deficiency in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 ▶     Sriram Jayabal, Hui Ho Vanessa Chang, Kathleen E. Cullen et al.     Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is a devastating midlife-onset autosomal dominant motor control disease with no known treatment. Using a hyper-expanded polyglutamine (84Q) …             Bilirubin is an Endogenous Antioxidant in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells ▶     Lovro Ziberna, Mitja Martelanc, Mladen Franko et al.     Bilirubin is a standard serum biomarker of liver function. Inexplicably, it is inversely correlated with cardiovascular disease risk. Given the role of endothelial dysfunction in …             Cationic lipid-nanoceria hybrids, a novel nonviral vector-mediated gene delivery into mammalian cells: investigation of the cellular uptake mechanism ▶     Joydeep Das, Jae Woong Han, Yun-Jung Choi et al.     Gene therapy is a promising technique for the treatment of various diseases. The development of minimally toxic and highly efficient non-viral gene delivery vectors is the most …             Numerical indices based on circulating tumor DNA for the evaluation of therapeutic response and disease progression in lung cancer patients ▶     Kikuya Kato, Junji Uchida, Yoji Kukita et al.     Monitoring of disease/therapeutic conditions is an important application of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). We devised numerical indices, based on ctDNA dynamics, for therapeutic …             Integrated hollow microneedle-optofluidic biosensor for therapeutic drug monitoring in sub-nanoliter volumes ▶     Sahan A. Ranamukhaarachchi, Celestino Padeste, Matthias Dübner et al.     Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) typically requires painful blood drawn from patients. We propose a painless and minimally-invasive alternative for TDM using hollow microneedles …             Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation during antagonism of DMOG to MnCl2-induced cytotoxicity in the mouse substantia nigra ▶     Nannan Yang, Yang Wei, Tan Wang et al.     Exposure to excessive manganese (Mn) causes manganism, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder similar to idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD). The detailed mechanisms of Mn …             Associations of self-reported height loss and kyphosis with vertebral fractures in Japanese women 60 years and older: a cross-sectional survey ▶     Mikio Kamimura, Yukio Nakamura, Noriyuki Sugino et al.     Some vertebral fractures come to clinical attention but most do not. This cross-sectional survey aimed to clarify the associations of self-reported height loss and kyphosis with …             Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) regulates tubular autophagy and mitophagy in diabetic nephropathy through the mTOR signaling pathway ▶     Chunling Huang, Yuan Zhang, Darren J. Kelly et al.     Hyperglycemia upregulates thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) expression, which in turn induces ROS production, inflammatory and fibrotic responses in the diabetic kidney. …             Quantitative Study of Elasticity of Rabbit VX2 Liver Tumor with Alternated Cooling and Heating Treatment based on ARFI Ultrasound Imaging Technique ▶     Di Sun, Cong Wei, E. Shen et al.     Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) ultrasound imaging technique is used to quantitatively evaluate the elasticity of rabbit VX2 liver tumor with alternated cooling and …             Navigation in bile acid chemical space: discovery of novel FXR and GPBAR1 ligands ▶     Claudia Finamore, Carmen Festa, Barbara Renga et al.     Bile acids are signaling molecules interacting with nuclear receptors and membrane G-protein-coupled receptors. Among these receptors, the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the …             Elevated Preoperative Serum Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase Predicts Poor Prognosis for Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Liver Transplantation ▶     Shun-Jun Fu, Qiang Zhao, Fei Ji et al.     Gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GGT) is a membrane-bound enzyme that is involved in biotransformation, nucleic acid metabolism, and tumourigenesis. Elevated serum γ-GGT levels are …             Changes in the plasma proteome at asymptomatic and symptomatic stages of autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease ▶     Julia Muenchhoff, Anne Poljak, Anbupalam Thalamuthu et al.     The autosomal dominant form of Alzheimer’s disease (ADAD) is far less prevalent than late onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD), but enables well-informed prospective studies, since …             Improved antifouling properties and selective biofunctionalization of stainless steel by employing heterobifunctional silane-polyethylene glycol overlayers and avidin-biotin technology ▶     Ville Hynninen, Leena Vuori, Markku Hannula et al.     A straightforward solution-based method to modify the biofunctionality of stainless steel (SS) using heterobifunctional silane-polyethylene glycol (silane-PEG) overlayers is …             Preserved antiviral adaptive immunity following polyclonal antibody immunotherapy for severe murine influenza infection ▶     Natalie E. Stevens, Antoinette Hatjopolous, Cara K. Fraser et al.     Passive immunotherapy may have particular benefits for the treatment of severe influenza infection in at-risk populations, however little is known of the impact of passive …             Microbial biotransformation of DON: molecular basis for reduced toxicity ▶     Alix Pierron, Sabria Mimoun, Leticia S. Murate et al.     Bacteria are able to de-epoxidize or epimerize deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin, to deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (deepoxy-DON or DOM-1) or 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON), …             Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Increases Vascular Leakage in Retina through VE-cadherin Phosphorylation ▶     Choon-Soo Lee, Yun Gi Kim, Hyun-Jai Cho et al.     The inhibitors of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4; DPP4) have been widely prescribed to control glucose level in diabetic patients. DPP4-inhibitors, however, accumulate stromal …             Rapid and label-free microfluidic neutrophil purification and phenotyping in diabetes mellitus ▶     Han Wei Hou, Chayakorn Petchakup, Hui Min Tay et al.     Advanced management of dysmetabolic syndromes such as diabetes will benefit from a timely mechanistic insight enabling personalized medicine approaches. Herein, we present a …             Glycogen synthase kinase 3β suppresses polyglutamine aggregation by inhibiting Vaccinia-related kinase 2 activity ▶     Eunju Lee, Hye Guk Ryu, Sangjune Kim et al.     Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an abnormal expansion of polyglutamine repeats in the N-terminal of huntingtin. The amount of aggregate-prone …             Mitotic genes are transcriptionally upregulated in the fibroblast irradiated with very low doses of UV-C ▶     Seiji Takeuchi, Toshiro Matsuda, Ryusuke Ono et al.     Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces a variety of biological effects, including DNA damage response and cell signaling pathways. We performed transcriptome analysis using …             From facultative to obligatory parental care: Interspecific variation in offspring dependency on post-hatching care in burying beetles ▶     Alexandra Capodeanu-Nägler, Eva M. Keppner, Heiko Vogel et al.     Studies on the evolution of parental care have focused primarily on the costs and benefits of parental care and the life-history attributes that favour it. However, once care …             A highly diverse, desert-like microbial biocenosis on solar panels in a Mediterranean city ▶     Pedro Dorado-Morales, Cristina Vilanova, Juli Peretó et al.     Microorganisms colonize a wide range of natural and artificial environments although there are hardly any data on the microbial ecology of one the most widespread man-made …             Chloroplast genome structure in Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) ▶     Xin Yao, Yun-Hong Tan, Ying-Ying Liu et al.     Aquifoliaceae is the largest family in the campanulid order Aquifoliales. It consists of a single genus, Ilex, the hollies, which is the largest woody dioecious genus in the …             No attentional capture from invisible flicker ▶     David Alais, Shannon M. Locke, Johahn Leung et al.     We tested whether fast flicker can capture attention using eight flicker frequencies from 20–96 Hz, including several too high to be perceived (>50 Hz). Using a 480 Hz visual …             The reemergence of long-term potentiation in aged Alzheimer’s disease mouse model ▶     Seonghoo Huh, Soo-Ji Baek, Kyung-Hwa Lee et al.     Mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been developed to study the pathophysiology of amyloid β protein (Aβ) toxicity, which is thought to cause severe clinical symptoms …             Micro-motors: A motile bacteria based system for liposome cargo transport ▶     Navneet Dogra, Hadi Izadi, T. Kyle Vanderlick     Biological micro-motors (microorganisms) have potential applications in energy utilization and nanotechnology. However, harnessing the power generated by such motors to execute …             Recombinant human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) produced in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris ▶     Alexander Rodríguez-López, Carlos J. Alméciga-Díaz, Jhonnathan Sánchez et al.     Mucopolysaccharidosis IV A (MPS IV A, Morquio A disease) is a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) produced by mutations on N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS). Recently …             Molecular chaperone accumulation as a function of stress evidences adaptation to high hydrostatic pressure in the piezophilic archaeon Thermococcus barophilus ▶     Anaïs Cario, Mohamed Jebbar, Axel Thiel et al.     The accumulation of mannosyl-glycerate (MG), the salinity stress response osmolyte of Thermococcales, was investigated as a function of hydrostatic pressure in Thermococcus …             Characterization of photosynthetic gas exchange in leaves under simulated adaxial and abaxial surfaces alternant irradiation ▶     Zi-Shan Zhang, Yu-Ting Li, Hui-Yuan Gao et al.     Previous investigations on photosynthesis have been performed on leaves irradiated from the adaxial surface. However, leaves usually sway because of wind. This action results in …             Conformational stability of digestion-resistant peptides of peanut conglutins reveals the molecular basis of their allergenicity ▶     Danijela Apostolovic, Dragana Stanic-Vucinic, Harmen H. J. de Jongh et al.     Conglutins represent the major peanut allergens and are renowned for their resistance to gastro-intestinal digestion. Our aim was to characterize the digestion-resistant peptides …             Genome-scale DNA variant analysis and functional validation of a SNP underlying yellow fruit color in wild strawberry ▶     Charles Hawkins, Julie Caruana, Erin Schiksnis et al.     Fragaria vesca is a species of diploid strawberry being developed as a model for the octoploid garden strawberry. This work sequenced and compared the genomes of three F. vesca …             Realization of tristability in a multiplicatively coupled dual-loop genetic network ▶     Bo Huang, Yun Xia, Feng Liu et al.     Multistability is a crucial recurring theme in cell signaling. Multistability is attributed to the presence of positive feedback loops, but the general condition and essential …             Comparative genomic analysis of novel Acinetobacter symbionts: A combined systems biology and genomics approach ▶     Vipin Gupta, Shazia Haider, Utkarsh Sood et al.     The increasing trend of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter drastically limits the range of therapeutic agents required to treat multidrug resistant (MDR) infections. This …             Evidence for social cooperation in rodents by automated maze ▶     Avi Avital, Shlomit Aga-Mizrachi, Salman Zubedat     Social cooperation is defined as a joint action for mutual benefit that depends on the individual and the counterparts’ behaviors. To gain valid evidence for social cooperation …             Conditional ablation of TGF-β signaling inhibits tumor progression and invasion in an induced mouse bladder cancer model ▶     Yu Liang, Fengyu Zhu, Haojie Zhang et al.     The role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in cancer progression is still under debate. To determine the function of TGF-β signaling in bladder cancer …             Knockdown of Pentraxin 3 suppresses tumorigenicity and metastasis of human cervical cancer cells ▶     Tsung-Ho Ying, Chien-Hsing Lee, Hui-Ling Chiou et al.     Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) as an inflammatory molecule has been shown to be involved in immune response, inflammation, and cancer. However, the effects of PTX3 on the biological features …             Novel multifunctional pH-sensitive nanoparticles loaded into microbubbles as drug delivery vehicles for enhanced tumor targeting ▶     Yongjiu Lv, Lan Hao, Wenjing Hu et al.     This study fabricated novel multifunctional pH-sensitive nanoparticles loaded into microbubbles (PNP-MB) with the combined advantages of two excellent drug delivery vehicles, …             HANDS2: accurate assignment of homoeallelic base-identity in allopolyploids despite missing data ▶     Amina Khan, Eric J. Belfield, Nicholas P. Harberd et al.     Characterization of homoeallelic base-identity in allopolyploids is difficult since homeologous subgenomes are closely related and becomes further challenging if …             Smyd5 plays pivotal roles in both primitive and definitive hematopoiesis during zebrafish embryogenesis ▶     Tomoaki Fujii, Shin-ichiro Tsunesumi, Hiroshi Sagara et al.     Methylation of histone tails plays a pivotal role in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. SET and MYND domain-containing protein (SMYD) is a methyltransferase, …             RIP3 induces ischemic neuronal DNA degradation and programmed necrosis in rat via AIF ▶     Yang Xu, Jingye Wang, Xinghui Song et al.     We have reported that nuclear translocation of Receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) involves in neuronal programmed necrosis after 20-min global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion …             Unraveling low-resolution structural data of large biomolecules by constructing atomic models with experiment-targeted parallel cascade selection simulations ▶     Junhui Peng, Zhiyong Zhang     Various low-resolution experimental techniques have gained more and more popularity in obtaining structural information of large biomolecules. In order to interpret the …             Mobility and subcellular localization of endogenous, gene-edited Tau differs from that of over-expressed human wild-type and P301L mutant Tau ▶     Di Xia, Julia M. Gutmann, Jürgen Götz     Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and a subset of frontotemporal dementia termed FTLD-Tau are characterized by a massive, yet incompletely characterized and understood redistribution of …             Zinc Resistance Mechanisms of P1B-type ATPases in Sinorhizobium meliloti CCNWSX0020 ▶     Mingmei Lu, Zhefei Li, Jianqiang Liang et al.     The Sinorhizobium meliloti (S. meliloti) strain CCNWSX0020 displayed tolerance to high levels exposures of multiple metals and growth promotion of legume plants grown in …             Transition of differential histone H3 methylation in photoreceptors and other retinal cells during retinal differentiation ▶     Kazuko Ueno, Toshiro Iwagawa, Hiroshi Kuribayashi et al.     To analyze cell lineage-specific transitions in global transcriptional and epigenetic changes during retinogenesis, we purified retinal cells from normal mice during postnatal …             Multivariate Neural Representations of Value during Reward Anticipation and Consummation in the Human Orbitofrontal Cortex ▶     Chao Yan, Li Su, Yi Wang et al.     The role of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in value processing is a focus of research. Conventional imaging analysis, where smoothing and averaging are employed, may not be …             Network Analysis Implicates Alpha-Synuclein (Snca) in the Regulation of Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss ▶     Gina Calabrese, Larry D. Mesner, Patricia L. Foley et al.     The postmenopausal period in women is associated with decreased circulating estrogen levels, which accelerate bone loss and increase the risk of fracture. Here, we gained novel …             The 14th Ile residue is essential for Leptin function in regulating energy homeostasis in rat ▶     Shuyang Xu, Xianmin Zhu, Hong Li et al.     LEPTIN (LEP) is a circulating hormone released primarily from white adipocytes and is crucial for regulating satiety and energy homeostasis in humans and animals. Using the …             Proteome-wide measurement of non-canonical bacterial mistranslation by quantitative mass spectrometry of protein modifications ▶     Nevena Cvetesic, Maja Semanjski, Boumediene Soufi et al.     The genetic code is virtually universal in biology and was likely established before the advent of cellular life. The extent to which mistranslation occurs is poorly understood …             Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 prompts potent inflammatory stimuli during Neospora caninum infection ▶     Marcela Davoli-Ferreira, Denise M. Fonseca, Caroline M. Mota et al.     Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite responsible for major economic losses due to abortions in cattle. Innate immune responses are crucial for host resistance against the …             Germline viral “fossils” guide in silico reconstruction of a mid-Cenozoic era marsupial adeno-associated virus ▶     Richard H. Smith, Claus V. Hallwirth, Michael Westerman et al.     Germline endogenous viral elements (EVEs) genetically preserve viral nucleotide sequences useful to the study of viral evolution, gene mutation, and the phylogenetic …             Identification, Characterization, and X-ray Crystallographic Analysis of a Novel Type of Mannose-Specific Lectin CGL1 from the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas ▶     Hideaki Unno, Kazuki Matsuyama, Yoshiteru Tsuji et al.     A novel mannose-specific lectin, named CGL1 (15.5 kDa), was isolated from the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Characterization of CGL1 involved isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), …             Climate threat on the Macaronesian endemic bryophyte flora ▶     Jairo Patiño, Rubén G. Mateo, Florian Zanatta et al.     Oceanic islands are of fundamental importance for the conservation of biodiversity because they exhibit high endemism rates coupled with fast extinction rates. Nowhere in Europe …             Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Dendrimers: The Role of Generation and Alkyl Chain Length in siRNA Interaction ▶     Valeria Márquez-Miranda, Ingrid Araya-Durán, María Belén Camarada et al.     An ideal nucleic-acid transfection system should combine the physical and chemical characteristics of cationic lipids and linear polymers to decrease cytotoxicity and uptake …             In vivo label-free measurement of lymph flow velocity and volumetric flow rates using Doppler optical coherence tomography ▶     Cedric Blatter, Eelco F. J. Meijer, Ahhyun S. Nam et al.     Direct in vivo imaging of lymph flow is key to understanding lymphatic system function in normal and disease states. Optical microscopy techniques provide the resolution required …             Novel stereoselective bufadienolides reveal new insights into the requirements for Na+, K+-ATPase inhibition by cardiotonic steroids ▶     Hong-Jin Tang, Li-Jun Ruan, Hai-Yan Tian et al.     Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) are clinically important drugs for the treatment of heart failure owing to their potent inhibition of cardiac Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA). Bufadienolides …             Clinical and neuroimaging differences between posterior cortical atrophy and typical amnestic Alzheimer’s disease patients at an early disease stage ▶     Guoping Peng, Jianqin Wang, Zhan Feng et al.     To identify clinical and neuroimaging characteristics between posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and typical amnestic Alzheimer’s disease (tAD) patients at an early disease stage, …             In-vivo absorption of pinocembrin-7-O-β-D-glucoside in rats and its in-vitro biotransformation ▶     Wei-Wei Guo, Feng Qiu, Xiao-Qing Chen et al.     Pinocembrin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (PCBG), a flavonoid isolated from Penthorum chinense Pursh., has significant liver-protecting effects. The pharmacokinetics of PCBG and its major …             IRS1 deficiency protects β-cells against ER stress-induced apoptosis by modulating sXBP-1 stability and protein translation ▶     Tomozumi Takatani, Jun Shirakawa, Michael W. Roe et al.     Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is among several pathological features that underlie β-cell failure in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Adaptor proteins in the …             A dinosaurian facial deformity and the first occurrence of ameloblastoma in the fossil record ▶     Mihai D. Dumbravă, Bruce M. Rothschild, David B. Weishampel et al.     Despite documentation of various types of neoplastic pathologies encountered in the vertebrate fossil record, no ameloblastic tumours have been recognised so far. Ameloblastoma …             Hyper-resting brain entropy within chronic smokers and its moderation by Sex ▶     Zhengjun Li, Zhuo Fang, Nathan Hager et al.     Cigarette smoking is a chronic relapsing brain disorder, and remains a premier cause of morbidity and mortality. Functional neuroimaging has been used to assess differences in …             The modification of the thrombin generation test for the clinical assessment of dabigatran etexilate efficiency ▶     Irina V. Gribkova, Elena N. Lipets, Irina G. Rekhtina et al.     A new oral anticoagulant, dabigatran etexilate (DE, a prodrug of direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) dabigatran), has been used clinically to prevent thrombosis. The assessment of …             Silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles impair proteasome activity and increase the formation of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in vitro ▶     Geetika Phukan, Tae Hwan Shin, Jeom Soon Shim et al.     The potential toxicity of nanoparticles, particularly to neurons, is a major concern. 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