Scientific Reports Earth Sciences Table of Contents e-alert: 26 July 2016

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26 July 2016      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports       Earth & Environmental Sciences               Effects of grazing on photosynthetic features and soil respiration of rangelands in the Tianshan Mountains of Northwest China ▶     Hua Liu, Runguo Zang, Han Y. H. Chen     Rangelands play a critical role in the global carbon cycle. However, the eco-physiological mechanisms associated with the effects of grazing on leaf photosynthesis and soil …             Drying soil in North China drove the outbreak range expansion of meadow moth by facilitating long-distance migration ▶     Xiao Chen, Yuying Jiang, Aiguo Kang et al.     Studies of the mechanism underlying the range expansion of organisms have mainly focused on environmental conditions at the edges of species’ distributions, potentially ignoring …             Novel chytrid lineages dominate fungal sequences in diverse marine and freshwater habitats ▶     André M. Comeau, Warwick F. Vincent, Louis Bernier et al.     In aquatic environments, fungal communities remain little studied despite their taxonomic and functional diversity. To extend the ecological coverage of this group, we conducted …             Nonlinear dynamics and instability of aqueous dissolution of silicate glasses and minerals ▶     Yifeng Wang, Carlos F. Jove-Colon, Kristopher L. Kuhlman     Aqueous dissolution of silicate glasses and minerals plays a critical role in global biogeochemical cycles and climate evolution. The reactivity of these materials is also …             Tracking the spatiotemporal variations of statistically independent components involving enrichment of rare-earth elements in deep-sea sediments ▶     Kazutaka Yasukawa, Kentaro Nakamura, Koichiro Fujinaga et al.     Deep-sea sediments have attracted much attention as a promising resource for rare-earth elements and yttrium (REY). In this study, we show statistically independent components …             Correlative multiple porosimetries for reservoir sandstones with adoption of a new reference-sample-guided computed-tomographic method ▶     Jae Hwa Jin, Junho Kim, Jeong-Yil Lee et al.     One of the main interests in petroleum geology and reservoir engineering is to quantify the porosity of reservoir beds as accurately as possible. A variety of direct …             No impact of transgenic cry1C rice on the rove beetle Paederus fuscipes, a generalist predator of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens ▶     Jiarong Meng, Juma Ibrahim Mabubu, Yu Han et al.     T1C-19 is newly developed transgenic rice active against lepidopteran pests, and expresses a synthesized cry1C gene driven by the maize ubiquitin promoter. The brown planthopper, …             Establishment of a γ-H2AX foci-based assay to determine biological dose of radon to red bone marrow in rats ▶     Jing Wang, Linfeng He, Dunhuang Fan et al.     The biodosimetric information is critical for assessment of cancer risk in populations exposed to high radon. However, no tools are available for biological dose estimation …             Reducing human nitrogen use for food production ▶     Junguo Liu, Kun Ma, Philippe Ciais et al.     Reactive nitrogen (N) is created in order to sustain food production, but only a small fraction of this N ends up being consumed as food, the rest being lost to the environment. …             SCUBA divers as oceanographic samplers: The potential of dive computers to augment aquatic temperature monitoring ▶     Serena Wright, Tom Hull, David B. Sivyer et al.     Monitoring temperature of aquatic waters is of great importance, with modelled, satellite and in-situ data providing invaluable insights into long-term environmental change. …             Mechanism and Effect of Temperature on Variations in Antibiotic Resistance Genes during Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Manure ▶     Wei Sun, Xun Qian, Jie Gu et al.     Animal manure comprises an important reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), but the variation in ARGs during anaerobic digestion at various temperatures and its …             How will Somali coastal upwelling evolve under future warming scenarios? ▶     M. deCastro, M. C. Sousa, F. Santos et al.     Somali upwelling system, the fifth in the world, presents some unique features compared with the other major upwelling systems: 1) it is a Western Boundary Upwelling System …             Underestimated risks of recurrent long-range ash dispersal from northern Pacific Arc volcanoes ▶     A. J. Bourne, P. M. Abbott, P. G. Albert et al.     Widespread ash dispersal poses a significant natural hazard to society, particularly in relation to disruption to aviation. Assessing the extent of the threat of far-travelled …             An extreme internal solitary wave event observed in the northern South China Sea ▶     Xiaodong Huang, Zhaohui Chen, Wei Zhao et al.     With characteristics of large amplitude and strong current, internal solitary wave (ISW) is a major hazard to marine engineering and submarine navigation; it also has significant …             Modeling the melting of multicomponent systems: the case of MgSiO3 perovskite under lower mantle conditions ▶     Cono Di Paola, John P. Brodholt     Knowledge of the melting properties of materials, especially at extreme pressure conditions, represents a long-standing scientific challenge. For instance, there is currently …             The Abiotic Chemistry of Thiolated Acetate Derivatives and the Origin of Life ▶     Kuhan Chandru, Alexis Gilbert, Christopher Butch et al.     Thioesters and thioacetic acid (TAA) have been invoked as key reagents for the origin of life as activated forms of acetate analogous to acetyl-CoA. These species could have …             Expression patterns, mutation detection and RNA interference of Rhopalosiphum padi voltage-gated sodium channel genes ▶     Yayun Zuo, Xiong Peng, Kang Wang et al.     The voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) is the target of sodium-channel-blocking insecticides. Traditionally, animals were thought to have only one VGSC gene comprising a …             Mapping the climatic suitable habitat of oriental arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis) for introduction and cultivation at a global scale ▶     Guoqing Li, Sheng Du, Zhongming Wen     Oriental arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis) is an important afforestation and ornamental tree species, which is native in eastern Asian. Therefore, a global suitable habitat map …             Facilitated biological reduction of nitroaromatic compounds by reduced graphene oxide and the role of its surface characteristics ▶     Lei Li, Qi Liu, Yi-Xuan Wang et al.     How reduced graphene oxide (RGO) mediates the reductive transformation of nitroaromatic pollutants by mixed cultures and the role of its surface characteristics were evaluated in …             Biopolymers form a gelatinous microlayer at the air-sea interface when Arctic sea ice melts ▶     Luisa Galgani, Judith Piontek, Anja Engel     The interface layer between ocean and atmosphere is only a couple of micrometers thick but plays a critical role in climate relevant processes, including the air-sea exchange of …             Seismic evidence for flow in the hydrated mantle wedge of the Ryukyu subduction zone ▶     Takayoshi Nagaya, Andrew M. Walker, James Wookey et al.     It is widely accepted that water-rich serpentinite domains are commonly present in the mantle above shallow subducting slabs and play key roles in controlling the geochemical …             Degraded tropical rain forests possess valuable carbon storage opportunities in a complex, forested landscape ▶     Mohammed Alamgir, Mason J. Campbell, Stephen M. Turton et al.     Tropical forests are major contributors to the terrestrial global carbon pool, but this pool is being reduced via deforestation and forest degradation. Relatively few studies …             Using stable isotopes to trace sources and formation processes of sulfate aerosols from Beijing, China ▶     Xiaokun Han, Qingjun Guo, Congqiang Liu et al.     Particulate pollution from anthropogenic and natural sources is a severe problem in China. Sulfur and oxygen isotopes of aerosol sulfate (δ34Ssulfate and δ18Osulfate) and …             Contributions of natural and anthropogenic radiative forcing to mass loss of Northern Hemisphere mountain glaciers and quantifying their uncertainties ▶     Yukiko Hirabayashi, Kazunari Nakano, Yong Zhang et al.     Observational evidence indicates that a number of glaciers have lost mass in the past. Given that glaciers are highly impacted by the surrounding climate, human-influenced global …             The abrupt onset of the modern South Asian Monsoon winds ▶     Christian Betzler, Gregor P. Eberli, Dick Kroon et al.     The South Asian Monson (SAM) is one of the most intense climatic elements yet its initiation and variations are not well established. Dating the deposits of SAM wind-driven …             Anomalous behaviors of Wyrtki Jets in the equatorial Indian Ocean during 2013 ▶     Yongliang Duan, Lin Liu, Guoqing Han et al.     In-situ measurement of the upper ocean velocity discloses significant abnormal behaviors of two Wyrtki Jets (WJs) respectively in boreal spring and fall, over the tropical Indian …             Corrigendum: The impact of working memory and the “process of process modelling” on model quality: Investigating experienced versus inexperienced modellers ▶     Markus Martini, Jakob Pinggera, Manuel Neurauter et al.                 Global Tree Cover and Biomass Carbon on Agricultural Land: The contribution of agroforestry to global and national carbon budgets ▶     Robert J. Zomer, Henry Neufeldt, Jianchu Xu et al.     Agroforestry systems and tree cover on agricultural land make an important contribution to climate change mitigation, but are not systematically accounted for in either global …             A metabolic profile in Ruditapes philippinarum associated with growth-promoting effects of alginate hydrolysates ▶     Yasuhiro Yamasaki, Shigeru Taga, Masanobu Kishioka et al.     The aim of this study is to demonstrate the growth-promoting effect of alginate hydrolysates (AHs) on the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, and to verify the physiological …             Chronic effects of temperature on mortality in the Southeastern USA using satellite-based exposure metrics ▶     Liuhua Shi, Pengfei Liu, Yan Wang et al.     Climate change may affect human health, particularly for elderly individuals who are vulnerable to temperature changes. While many studies have investigated the acute effects of …             Historical rise of waterpower initiated the collapse of salmon stocks ▶     H. J. R. Lenders, T. P. M. Chamuleau, A. J. Hendriks et al.     The collapse of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks throughout North-Western Europe is generally ascribed to large-scale river regulation, water pollution and over-fishing in …             Pollination and seed dispersal are the most threatened processes of plant regeneration ▶     Eike Lena Neuschulz, Thomas Mueller, Matthias Schleuning et al.     Plant regeneration is essential for maintaining forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, which are globally threatened by human disturbance. Here we present the first …             Coral reef degradation is not correlated with local human population density ▶     John F. Bruno, Abel Valdivia     The global decline of reef-building corals is understood to be due to a combination of local and global stressors. However, many reef scientists assume that local factors …             Biodegradation mechanism of 1H-1,2,4-triazole by a newly isolated strain Shinella sp. NJUST26 ▶     Haobo Wu, Jinyou Shen, Ruiqin Wu et al.     The highly recalcitrant 1H-1,2,4-triazole (TZ) is widely used in the synthesis of agricultural pesticide and considered to be an environmental pollutant. In this study, a novel …             Prevention of PVDF ultrafiltration membrane fouling by coating MnO2 nanoparticles with ozonation ▶     Wenzheng Yu, Matthew Brown, Nigel. J. D. Graham     Pre-treatment is normally required to reduce or control the fouling of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in drinking water treatment process. Current pre-treatment methods, such as …             Deciphering the transcriptomic response of Fusarium verticillioides in relation to nitrogen availability and the development of sugarcane pokkah boeng disease ▶     Zhenyue Lin, Jihua Wang, Yixue Bao et al.     Pokkah boeng, caused by Fusarium verticillioides, is a serious disease in sugarcane industry. The disease severity is related to the sugarcane genotype as well as environmental …             Rescue of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)-mediated Sertoli cell injury by overexpression of gap junction protein connexin 43 ▶     Nan Li, Dolores D. Mruk, Haiqi Chen et al.     Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is an environmental toxicant used in developing countries, including China, as a stain repellent for clothing, carpets and draperies, but it has …             Intraradical colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi triggers induction of a lipochitooligosaccharide receptor ▶     S. R. Rasmussen, W. Füchtbauer, M. Novero et al.     Functional divergence of paralogs following gene duplication is one of the mechanisms leading to evolution of novel pathways and traits. Here we show that divergence of Lys11 and …             Evidence of extensive reef development and high coral cover in nearshore environments: implications for understanding coral adaptation in turbid settings ▶     Kyle M. Morgan, Chris T. Perry, Scott G. Smithers et al.     Mean coral cover has reportedly declined by over 15% during the last 30 years across the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Here, we present new data that documents widespread …             Benthic fluxes of dissolved organic carbon from gas hydrate sediments in the northern South China Sea ▶     Chia-Wei Hung, Kuo-Hao Huang, Yung-Yen Shih et al.     Hydrocarbon vents have recently been reported to contribute considerable amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to the oceans. Many such hydrocarbon vents widely exist in the …             Climate Change and ENSO Effects on Southeastern US Climate Patterns and Maize Yield ▶     Spyridon Mourtzinis, Brenda V. Ortiz, Damianos Damianidis     Climate change has a strong influence on weather patterns and significantly affects crop yields globally. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a strong influence on the U.S. …             Direct accumulation pathway of radioactive cesium to fruit-bodies of edible mushroom from contaminated wood logs ▶     Toshihiko Ohnuki, Yukitoshi Aiba, Fuminori Sakamoto et al.     This paper presents the accumulation process of radioactive Cs in edible mushrooms. We here first report the direct accumulation pathway of radioactive Cs from contaminated wood …             Depth variations of P-wave azimuthal anisotropy beneath Mainland China ▶     Wei Wei, Dapeng Zhao, Jiandong Xu et al.     A high-resolution model of P-wave anisotropic tomography beneath Mainland China and surrounding regions is determined using a large number of arrival-time data recorded by the …             Designation of highly efficient catalysts for one pot conversion of glycerol to lactic acid ▶     Meilin Tao, Dan Zhang, Hongyu Guan et al.     Production of lactic acid from glycerol is a cascade catalytic procedure using multifunctional catalysts combined with oxidative and acidic catalytic sites. Therefore, a series …             Floating photocatalyst of B–N–TiO2/expanded perlite: a sol–gel synthesis with optimized mesoporous and high photocatalytic activity ▶     Hongbo Xue, Ya Jiang, Kechun Yuan et al.     Optimized mesoporous photocatalyst endowed with high specific surface area and large pore size was synthesized by sol–gel method. 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