Nature Structural & Molecular Biology Contents: 2016 Volume #23 pp 699-763

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Topics on the Community range from microbiology research, policy, society and day-to-day life.  join, post, share, discuss TABLE OF CONTENTS August 2016 Volume 23, Issue 8 News and Views Articles Brief Communications Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Launching in January 2017 - Nature Biomedical Engineering Discovery and technology for human health A new online journal for bench scientists, clinicians and medical engineers. Register for the journal's e-alert to receive content and news from the beginning.   News and Views Top More end resection is not merrier   pp699 - 701 Dali Zong, Arnab Ray Chaudhuri and Andre Nussenzweig doi:10.1038/nsmb.3274 Unrestrained 53BP1 activity causes fusions of dysfunctional telomeres and embryonic lethality associated with misrepair of DNA double-strand breaks in BRCA1-deficient mice. However, the physiological role of 53BP1 remains unclear, because it presumably did not evolve to carry out these pathological functions. A new report proposes that 53BP1 activity prevents hyper-resection and thereby promotes error-free DNA repair while suppressing alternative mutagenic pathways. See also: Article by Ochs et al. A route to new cancer therapies: the FA pathway is essential in BRCA1- or BRCA2-deficient cells   pp701 - 703 Christophe Lachaud and John Rouse doi:10.1038/nsmb.3276 Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes strongly predispose carriers to breast and ovarian cancers. Two new studies reveal that FANCD2, a key component of the Fanconi anemia pathway, is essential for the survival of cells with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. These findings pave the way for new 'synthetic lethal' strategies to kill BRCA-mutated cancers. See also: Brief Communication by Michl et al. Catch me if you can: trapping scanning ribosomes in their footsteps   pp703 - 704 Pavel V Baranov and Gary Loughran doi:10.1038/nsmb.3256 Ribosome profiling provides a snapshot of the mRNA positions of all elongating ribosomes in the cell. A new powerful enhancement of the technique, translation complex profile sequencing (TCP-seq), extends this mapping to scanning ribosomal complexes. In addition to its usefulness as a tool for studying the regulation of translation initiation, TCP-seq provides specific and powerful signatures of bona fide translation. Structural & Molecular Biology JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Fellow in Cancer Biology and Cancer Immunology Fox Chase Cancer Center (FCCC) Post-Doctoral Position H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute and the University of South Florida Professor of Physical Chemistry and Head of the Laboratory for Femtochemistry Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Exciting PhD Positions in Modern Biology VBC PhD Programme Postdoctoral positions at Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University More Science jobs from Articles Top The bicoid mRNA localization factor Exuperantia is an RNA-binding pseudonuclease   pp705 - 713 Daniela Lazzaretti, Katharina Veith, Katharina Kramer, Claire Basquin, Henning Urlaub et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3254 The crystal structure of the putative exonuclease Exuperantia, required for Drosophila anterior patterning, reveals an EXO-SAM-like domain architecture that is catalytically inactive but mediates dimerization and RNA binding, which are essential for bicoid localization. 53BP1 fosters fidelity of homology-directed DNA repair   pp714 - 721 Fena Ochs, Kumar Somyajit, Matthias Altmeyer, Maj-Britt Rask, Jiri Lukas et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3251 A new study reveals that 53BP1 influences high-fidelity homology-directed repair by showing that its depletion in the presence of increasing DNA-damage levels triggers a shift from RAD51-dependent gene conversion, an error-free process, to RAD52-mediated single-strand annealing, which is mutagenic. See also: News and Views by Zong et al. Structure of chromatin remodeler Swi2/Snf2 in the resting state   pp722 - 729 Xian Xia, Xiaoyu Liu, Tong Li, Xianyang Fang and Zhucheng Chen doi:10.1038/nsmb.3259 Structural and functional analysis of the Swi2/Snf2 remodeler demonstrates that the catalytic core of the protein is a competent remodeling machine, which rests in an inactive conformation poised for activation. Neddylation requires glycyl-tRNA synthetase to protect activated E2   pp730 - 737 Zhongying Mo, Qian Zhang, Ze Liu, Janelle Lauer, Yi Shi et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3250 Biochemical, structural and cell-based analyses reveal a chaperone-like function of glycyl-tRNA synthetase, which supports neddylation via direct interactions with NEDD8, E1 and E2. Free backbone carbonyls mediate rhodopsin activation   pp738 - 743 Naoki Kimata, Andreyah Pope, Omar B Sanchez-Reyes, Markus Eilers, Chikwado A Opefi et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3257 Solid-state NMR analyses reveal that the free backbone carbonyl groups associated with proline residues in the transmembrane helices play a key role in mediating rhodopsin activation. Lipids modulate the conformational dynamics of a secondary multidrug transporter   pp744 - 751 Chloe Martens, Richard A Stein, Matthieu Masureel, Aurelie Roth, Smriti Mishra et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3262 EPR spectroscopy analyses elucidate how lipids affect the conformational dynamics of a multidrug secondary transporter, LmrP, and indicate a key role of the lipid headgroups in shaping the conformational-energy landscape of the transporter. Brief Communications Top Structure of the NS3 helicase from Zika virus   pp752 - 754 Rinku Jain, Javier Coloma, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre and Aneel K Aggarwal doi:10.1038/nsmb.3258 A crystal structure of the Zika virus NS3 RNA helicase reveals similarities to the RNA helicase from Dengue virus, with variability in loops typically involved in binding ATP and RNA, and aids in identification of potentially druggable hotspots. FANCD2 limits replication stress and genome instability in cells lacking BRCA2   pp755 - 757 Johanna Michl, Jutta Zimmer, Francesca M Buffa, Ultan McDermott and Madalena Tarsounas doi:10.1038/nsmb.3252 Probing the synthetic lethal effect of FANCD2 deletion in BRCA2-deficient cells reveals independent roles of FANCD2 and BRCA2 in stabilizing stalled replication forks to maintain genome stability and promote cell survival. See also: News and Views by Lachaud & Rouse Molecular architecture of the complete COG tethering complex   pp758 - 760 Jun Yong Ha, Hui-Ting Chou, Daniel Ungar, Calvin K Yip, Thomas Walz et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3263 The complete architecture of the yeast COG tethering complex is revealed by negative-stain electron microscopy, showing an intricate shape with up to five flexible legs. CATCHR, HOPS and CORVET tethering complexes share a similar architecture   pp761 - 763 Hui-Ting Chou, Danijela Dukovski, Melissa G Chambers, Karin M Reinisch and Thomas Walz doi:10.1038/nsmb.3264 Electron microscopy analyses of tethering complexes from different families, GARP and HOPS, show that they share a similar architecture featuring long flexible legs. The findings suggest that multisubunit tethering complexes use related structural frameworks to accomplish their functions. Top Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. 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