Nature Geoscience contents: August 2016 Volume 9 Number 10 pp729-795

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TABLE OF CONTENTS October 2016 Volume 9, Issue 10 Editorial Correspondence News and Views Progress Article Letters Article Corrigendum Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Permafrost Focus As permafrost melts, it releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and methane, and also alters surface hydrology. In this focus, Nature Geoscience presents a collection of research and comment pieces that look at the current and potential future effects of melting permafrost. Find out more   Editorial Top The metals disconnect   p729 doi:10.1038/ngeo2823 Economic development in a sustainable fashion is metals-intensive. If we cannot afford to ban mining, regulation must be more effective. Correspondence Top Ocean planning in a changing climate   p730 Catarina Frãzao Santos, Tundi Agardy, Francisco Andrade, Manuel Barange, Larry B. Crowder et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2821 News and Views Top Tectonics: Changing of the plates   pp731 - 732 Alan Brandon doi:10.1038/ngeo2800 The composition of Earth's crust depends on the style of plate tectonics and of the melting regimes in the mantle. Analyses of the oldest identified rocks suggest that these styles and the resulting crust have changed over Earth's history. See also: Letter by Reimink et al. Hydrology: Indo-Gangetic groundwater threat   pp732 - 733 Scott Fendorf and Shawn G. Benner doi:10.1038/ngeo2804 Increasing groundwater extraction supports hundreds of millions of people across the Indo-Gangetic Basin. Data suggests that despite the increase in withdrawals, groundwater depletion is localized and the most widespread threat is contamination. See also: Letter by MacDonald et al. Core science: Stratified by a sunken impactor   pp734 - 735 Miki Nakajima doi:10.1038/ngeo2815 There is potential evidence for a stratified layer at the top of the Earth's core, but its origin is not well understood. Laboratory experiments suggest that the stratified layer could be a sunken remnant of the giant impact that formed the Moon. See also: Letter by Landeau et al. Geoscience JOBS of the week Assistant Professor - Freshwater Ecology and Conservation The Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management (ESPM) in the College of Natural Resources at the University of California, Berkeley Experimental Planetology University of Bayreuth (Germany) Faculty Positions in Environmental Science and Engineering South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC) Professor and Director, CalCOFI Program Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) at UC San Diego More Science jobs from Geoscience EVENT ICCGE 2017 6th International Conference on Clean and Green Energy_EI 08.02.17 Frankfurt, Germany More science events from Progress Article Top Substantial role of macroalgae in marine carbon sequestration   pp737 - 742 Dorte Krause-Jensen and Carlos M. Duarte doi:10.1038/ngeo2790 Marine macroalgae are dominant primary producers in coastal zones. A review of the published literature suggests that macroalgae may play an important role in carbon sequestration. Letters Top Recent tectonic activity on Mercury revealed by small thrust fault scarps   pp743 - 747 Thomas R. Watters, Katie Daud, Maria E. Banks, Michelle M. Selvans, Clark R. Chapman et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2814 The planet Mercury has contracted over its history. The identification of small thrust fault scarps suggests the occurrence of tectonic activity on Mercury within the past 50 million years and thus a slow-cooling planetary interior. Intensification of convective extremes driven by cloud-cloud interaction   pp748 - 752 Christopher Moseley, Cathy Hohenegger, Peter Berg and Jan O. Haerter doi:10.1038/ngeo2789 Convective precipitation may change in a changing climate. Large eddy simulations of convection with a realistic diurnal cycle suggest that interactions between convective systems and precipitation extremes are influenced by temperature. Intensification of landfalling typhoons over the northwest Pacific since the late 1970s   pp753 - 757 Wei Mei and Shang-Ping Xie doi:10.1038/ngeo2792 Landfalling typhoons can cause great damage in East and Southeast Asian countries. An analysis of bias-corrected data sets reveals that the proportion of the strongest landfalling typhoons has at least doubled over the past decades. Impact of warming on CO2 emissions from streams countered by aquatic photosynthesis   pp758 - 761 Benoît O. L. Demars, Gísli M. Gíslason, Jón S. Ólafsson, J. Russell Manson, Nikolai Friberg et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2807 Aquatic CO2 emissions are expected to increase if warming reduces photosynthesis relative to respiration. An analysis of streams across a 41 °C temperature gradient reveals that the thermal responses of respiration and photosynthesis are similar. Groundwater quality and depletion in the Indo-Gangetic Basin mapped from in situ observations   pp762 - 766 A. M. MacDonald, H. C. Bonsor, K. M. Ahmed, W. G. Burgess, M. Basharat et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2791 Increasing groundwater abstraction in the Indo-Gangetic Basin poses a threat to groundwater supplies. In situ observations reveal that sustainable groundwater in much of the region is limited more by contamination than depletion. See also: News and Views by Fendorf & Benner Coupling of turbulent and non-turbulent flow regimes within pyroclastic density currents   pp767 - 771 Eric C. P. Breard, Gert Lube, Jim R. Jones, Josef Dufek, Shane J. Cronin et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2794 The internal dynamics of pyroclastic density currents are not easily observed. Experiments reveal how the underflow and turbulent ash-cloud regimes within pyroclastic flows are dynamically coupled through a zone of intermediate turbulence. Parental arc magma compositions dominantly controlled by mantle-wedge thermal structure   pp772 - 776 Stephen J. Turner, Charles H. Langmuir, Richard F. Katz, Michael A. Dungan and Stéphane Escrig doi:10.1038/ngeo2788 The composition of subduction zone lavas varies systematically. Numerical simulations and geochemical analysis of lavas from the Chilean Southern Volcanic Zone suggest that the thermal structure of the mantle wedge controls lava composition. No evidence for Hadean continental crust within Earth's oldest evolved rock unit   pp777 - 780 J. R. Reimink, J. H. F. L. Davies, T. Chacko, R. A. Stern, L. M. Heaman et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2786 Little is known about the character of the Hadean crust. Geochemical analyses of the 4-billion-year-old Acasta Gneiss from Canada suggest Earth's earliest crust formed from a mafic reservoir, similar to the formation of oceanic crust today. See also: News and Views by Brandon Carbon and sulfur budget of the silicate Earth explained by accretion of differentiated planetary embryos   pp781 - 785 Yuan Li, Rajdeep Dasgupta, Kyusei Tsuno, Brian Monteleone and Nobumichi Shimizu doi:10.1038/ngeo2801 The carbon abundance in the Earth's mantle is enhanced relative to sulfur. Experiments suggest that the accretion of a differentiated planetary body to the growing Earth could explain the silicate Earth's carbon and sulfur budgets. Core merging and stratification following giant impact   pp786 - 789 Maylis Landeau, Peter Olson, Renaud Deguen and Benjamin H. Hirsh doi:10.1038/ngeo2808 The Earth's outermost core is thought to be stratified. Turbulent mixing experiments suggest that merging between the cores of projectile and planet following the Moon-forming giant impact could have produced the stratification. See also: News and Views by Nakajima Advertisement Permafrost Focus As permafrost melts, it releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and methane, and also alters surface hydrology. In this focus, Nature Geoscience presents a collection of research and comment pieces that look at the current and potential future effects of melting permafrost. Find out more   Article Top Global climate forcing of aerosols embodied in international trade   pp790 - 794 Jintai Lin, Dan Tong, Steven Davis, Ruijing Ni, Xiaoxiao Tan et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2798 International trade links regions of production and consumption. Analyses with a multiregional input-output model based on trade data reveal that much of East Asia's aerosol radiative forcing is tied to consumption in developed countries. Corrigendum Top Corrigendum: Permafrost carbon as a missing link to explain CO2 changes during the last deglaciation   p795 K. A. Crichton, N. Bouttes, D. M. Roche, J. Chappellaz and G. Krinner doi:10.1038/ngeo2816 Top Advertisement npj Pollution Control is a new open access journal that is now open for submissions. The journal is dedicated to publishing original and high quality research results in the broad area of environmental science and engineering as it relates to the prevention, control, monitoring and mitigation of environmental pollution.  Sign up for e-alerts >>    Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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