Seismologists: 9 quake possible in U.S.

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Seismologists: 9 quake possible in U.S. SEATTLE (UPI) -- Two areas in the United States are possible locations for a massive earthquake like the recent catastrophic seismic event in Japan, scientists say. Geophysicists say the Cascadia Subduction Zone, an intersection of tectonic plates just off the West Coast that reaches from the northern tip of California up to Canada, is capable of creating an earthquake with a magnitude as high as a 9, LiveScience.com reported Wednesday. An earthquake of that magnitude is believed to have occurred there 300 years ago, scientists say. "There were hardly any people living on the Pacific Northwest Coast in 1700," Heidi Houston, a seismologist at the University of Washington said. "But it generated a huge tsunami that traveled to Japan and destroyed coastal villages there. "The Japanese records show that the causative earthquake could only be our Cascadia Subduction Zone and it had to have been a magnitude-9." An earthquake that severe is also possible in Alaska, the most earthquake-prone state in the United States, researchers say. In 1964 the Aleutian fault separating the Pacific and North American plates ruptured near Anchorage, and the resulting 9.2-magnitude earthquake is the second-largest ever recorded on a seismograph, researchers say. California's San Andreas Fault, considered more dangerous than the Cascadia Fault because of its proximity to several major coastal cities, is not actually capable of generating a 9-magnitude earthquake, the scientists say. "The biggest one there would be just under 8," Houston said. Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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New method extracts oil from tar sands UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. (UPI) -- U.S. researchers say they've come up with an environmentally friendly way of extracting oil from tar sands, a method that can also help in cleaning oil spills. Scientists at Penn State say the method uses ionic liquids to separate heavy, viscous oil from sand, a university release reported Wednesday. Tar sands, also known as bituminous sands or oil sands, represent about two-thirds of the world's estimated oil reserves, but extracting the petroleum causes environmental damage. Part of that damage comes from contaminated wastewater used in current separation processes, which can seep into and pollute groundwater. The Penn State separation method uses very little energy and water, the researchers say, instead using ionic liquids -- salt in a liquid state -- that are recycled and reused. The separation takes place at room temperature without the generation of waste process water, they say. "Essentially, all of the bitumen is recovered in a very clean form, without any contamination from the ionic liquids," Paul Painter, Penn State professor of polymer said. "Because the bitumen, solvents and sand/clay mixture separate into three distinct phases, each can be removed separately and the solvent can be reused." The process can also be used to extract oil and tar from beach sand after oil spills such as the Deepwater Horizon disaster in the Gulf of Mexico last year. Unlike other methods of cleanup, the Penn State process completely removes the hydrocarbons, and the cleaned sand can be returned to the beach instead of being sent to landfills, the researchers said. Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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Rare Andean cat's range expanding NEW YORK (UPI) -- The rare Andean cat, a house cat-sized animal resembling a small snow leopard, has been found living outside its namesake mountain range, U.S. researchers said. Once thought to exclusively inhabit the South American Andes at high elevations, the cat has been discovered living on the Patagonian steppes in Argentina at much lower altitudes, a study by the Wildlife Conservation Society said Wednesday. The finding confirms a range extension of the threatened cat, which normally lives at altitudes above about 9,800 feet but has been seen living on the steppe at elevations as low as 2,100 feet. The Andean cat is listed as endangered on the World Conservation Union's Red List and may number only 2,500 individuals throughout its entire range, the society's release said. "These confirmed records show the lowest elevations ever reported for the Andean cat," society conservationist Andres Novaro said. "According to genetic studies underway … this new population appears to represent an evolutionary lineage distinct from the highland population." The research team surveyed about 12,000 square miles of Argentina's Mendoza and Neuquen provinces in 2007-2009 in search of the elusive cat. "Discovering a new population of Andean cats is an important finding for this elusive and rare species," said Mariana Varese, acting director of the society's Latin America and Caribbean program. "Determining the range of the Andean cat in the Patagonian steppe will provide conservationists with a foundation for later conservation plans." Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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Older pedestrians on cellphones at risk CHAMPAIGN, Ill. (UPI) -- Older adults may put themselves at risk by multitasking activities like talking on a cellphone while crossing a street, U.S. researchers say. Researchers at the University of Illinois found that adults ages 59 to 81 took significantly longer than college students to cross a simulated street while talking on a mobile phone and were more likely to fail to cross in the time allotted for the task, a university release reported Wednesday. Their heightened cautiousness in initiating crossing did nothing to improve their safety, the researchers said. In the study, 18 students ages 18 to 26 and 18 older adults crossed simulated streets of varying difficulty while either undistracted, listening to music or conversing on a hands-free cellphone. The older adults were significantly impaired on the most challenging street-crossing tasks while engaged in a second activity, the researchers found. "It should be noted that we have previously found that younger adults show similar performance decrements, but under much more challenging crossing conditions," lead study author Mark Neider said. "Combined with our previous work, the current findings suggest that while all pedestrians should exercise caution when attempting to cross a street while conversing on a cellphone, older adults should be particularly careful," Neider said. Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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