Aviation's climate impact studied

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Aviation's climate impact studied WESSLING, Germany (UPI) -- Aircraft contrails may be causing more warming now than all the aircraft emissions put into the atmosphere since the start of aviation, German researchers say. In a paper published this week in the journal Nature Climate Change, Ulrike Burkhardt and Bernd Karcher describe using a climate model to quantify the impact of thin cirrus clouds that form as the condensation trails -- or 'contrails' -- created by aircraft spread out in the atmosphere. Young line-shaped contrails and the clouds that form from them are the single largest climate-forcing agent associated with aviation, their study showed, presently causing more warming than all the previous carbon dioxide emitted by aircraft since they first took to the skies. The findings are important, researchers say, as a basis for developing strategies to reduce the climate impacts of aviation, such as routing planes to avoid areas where contrails are likely to form and spread into cirrus clouds and developing aircraft engines that emit less water vapor into the atmosphere. Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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Rare sea lion spotted in California SANTA CRUZ, Calif. (UPI) -- A threatened Steller sea lion made a rare appearance alongside his more common California cousins south of Santa Cruz, Calif., a local boat captain said. "He was huge, massive," Capt. Yohn Gideon, skipper of the Elkhorn Slough Safari, said of the blonde giant spotted at the mouth of Elkhorn Slough in Moss Landing. "There were bunches of sea otters, which are everybody's favorite, and California sea lions, and then this big boy popped up, unmistakable." The sighting was confirmed Monday by Marina Nichols of the Marine Mammal Center's Monterey Bay Operations, a rescue group. Only about 500 of the estimated 40,000 Steller sea lions live along California's coast, the center said, with the majority of the population being in Alaska. Gideon told the Santa Cruz Sentinel he was conducting a tour Sunday when he spotted the Steller, a first in his 17 years of boating in the harbor and slough. The typical California sea lion in the harbor weighs in at around 600 pounds. Gideon said, and the Steller was three times as large and lighter in color. Denise Greig, a marine biologist in the Marine Mammal Center's Sausalito headquarters, said they don't often go into Elkhorn Slough, and their size and rarity makes them a treat to see. "They are endangered in certain parts of their range so it's pretty exciting to have one down there," Greig said. Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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South Korea warns of contaminated water SEOUL (UPI) -- South Korean officials said Tuesday some underground water sources near burial sites of livestock culled for diseases are polluted with organic contaminants. The country's Environment Ministry said water quality at about 3,000 underground water sources within a 300-yard radius of animal burial sites across the nation was tested, Yonhap News Agency reported. Analysis found 143 sources showing high rates of bacteriological contamination beyond water quality standards, officials said. "The first round of analysis showed that a considerable number of underground water sources contained pollutants beyond the standard," a spokesman for the National Environmental Research Institute said. "We are analyzing details of whether the water sources were polluted by leachate from the burial sites or contaminated from waste water from nearby cattle sheds." The ministry said it would notify nearby residents not to use the contaminated water. Last week, South Korea eased a nationwide alert against foot-and-mouth disease, which has cost about $2.6 billion over the past four months and led to the slaughtering of 3.4 million livestock. Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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Carbon labels for consumer products urged NASHVILLE (UPI) -- U.S. scientists say a global carbon-labeling scheme for consumer products should be initiated as a sorely needed measure to mitigate climate change. Writing this week in the journal Nature Climate Change, Michael Vandenbergh of Vanderbilt University and Thomas Dietz of Michigan State University say such a scheme could influence consumers to choose low-carbon products. It could also improve the energy efficiency of firms, which would be concerned about brand reputation even if consumers only demonstrate limited willingness to pay for lower-carbon goods, they say. While several carbon label efforts exist, no one scheme that accurately informs consumers and can be adopted cross-culturally and across products is in place to provide clear and effective labels. Although labels by themselves will not solve the climate problem, the researchers say, the size of the consumer footprint suggests small changes in consumer purchasing behavior could bring significant emissions reductions. Copyright 2011 by United Press International
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