Scientific Reports Earth Sciences Table of Contents e-alert: 1 December 2015

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01 December 2015      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               Earth & Environmental Sciences               Long-period ocean-bottom motions in the source areas of large subduction earthquakes ▶     Takeshi Nakamura, Hiroshi Takenaka, Taro Okamoto et al.     Long-period ground motions in plain and basin areas on land can cause large-scale, severe damage to structures and buildings and have been widely investigated for disaster …             Acute and additive toxicity of ten photosystem-II herbicides to seagrass ▶     Adam D. Wilkinson, Catherine J. Collier, Florita Flores et al.     Photosystem II herbicides are transported to inshore marine waters, including those of the Great Barrier Reef, and are usually detected in complex mixtures. These herbicides …             Was millennial scale climate change during the Last Glacial triggered by explosive volcanism? ▶     James U.L. Baldini, Richard J. Brown, Jim N. McElwaine     The mechanisms responsible for millennial scale climate change within glacial time intervals are equivocal. Here we show that all eight known radiometrically-dated Tambora-sized …             Confirmation of co-denitrification in grazed grassland ▶     Diana R. Selbie, Gary J. Lanigan, Ronald J. Laughlin et al.     Pasture-based livestock systems are often associated with losses of reactive forms of nitrogen (N) to the environment. Research has focused on losses to air and water due to the …             Sample storage-induced changes in the quantity and quality of soil labile organic carbon ▶     Shou-Qin Sun, Hui-Ying Cai, Scott X. Chang et al.     Effects of sample storage methods on the quantity and quality of labile soil organic carbon are not fully understood even though their effects on basic soil properties have been …             Impacts of IOD, ENSO and ENSO Modoki on the Australian Winter Wheat Yields in Recent Decades ▶     Chaoxia Yuan, Toshio Yamagata     Impacts of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), two different types of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO): canonical ENSO and ENSO Modoki, on the year-to-year winter wheat yield …             Observed deep energetic eddies by seamount wake ▶     Gengxin Chen, Dongxiao Wang, Changming Dong et al.     Despite numerous surface eddies are observed in the ocean, deep eddies (a type of eddies which have no footprints at the sea surface) are much less reported in the literature due …             Mitigation of Corrosion on Magnesium Alloy by Predesigned Surface Corrosion ▶     Xuming Zhang, Guosong Wu, Xiang Peng et al.     Rapid corrosion of magnesium alloys is undesirable in structural and biomedical applications and a general way to control corrosion is to form a surface barrier layer isolating …             Industrial arsenic contamination causes catastrophic changes in freshwater ecosystems ▶     Guangjie Chen, Haibin Shi, Jianshuang Tao et al.     Heavy metal pollution is now widely recognized to pose severe health and environmental threats, yet much of what is known concerning its adverse impacts on ecosystem health is …             Contrasting diel hysteresis between soil autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in a desert ecosystem under different rainfall scenarios ▶     Weimin Song, Shiping Chen, Yadan Zhou et al.     Diel hysteresis occurs often between soil CO2 efflux (RS) and temperature, yet, little is known if diel hysteresis occurs in the two components of RS, i.e., autotrophic …             Lowering N2O emissions from soils using eucalypt biochar: the importance of redox reactions ▶     P Quin, S Joseph, O Husson et al.     Agricultural soils are the primary anthropogenic source of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O), contributing to global warming and depletion of stratospheric ozone. Biochar addition …             Petrologic Characteristics of the Lunar Surface ▶     Xianmin Wang, Witold Pedrycz     Petrologic analysis of the lunar surface is critical for determining lunar formation and evolution. Here, we report the first global petrologic map that includes the five most …             Constraints on natural global atmospheric CO2 fluxes from 1860 to 2010 using a simplified explicit forward model ▶     Helge Hellevang, Per Aagaard     Land-use changes until the beginning of the 20th century made the terrestrial biosphere a net source of atmospheric carbon. Later, burning of fossil fuel surpassed land use …             Ubiquitous anaerobic ammonium oxidation in inland waters of China: an overlooked nitrous oxide mitigation process ▶     Guibing Zhu, Shanyun Wang, Leiliu Zhou et al.     Denitrification has long been regarded as the only pathway for terrestrial nitrogen (N) loss to the atmosphere. Here we demonstrate that large-scale anaerobic ammonium oxidation …             Convergence of microbial assimilations of soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in terrestrial ecosystems ▶     Xiaofeng Xu, Dafeng Hui, Anthony W. King et al.     How soil microbes assimilate carbon-C, nitrogen-N, phosphorus-P, and sulfur-S is fundamental for understanding nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. We compiled a global …             Trends of pH decrease in the Mediterranean Sea through high frequency observational data: indication of ocean acidification in the basin ▶     Susana Flecha, Fiz F. Pérez, Jesús García-Lafuente et al.     A significant fraction of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) released to the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans, leading to a range of chemical changes and causing ocean …             Characterizing and Exploring the Formation Mechanism of Salt Deposition by Reusing Advanced-softened, Silica-rich, Oilfield-produced Water (ASOW) in Superheated Steam Pipeline ▶     Bin Dong, Ying Xu, Senmin Lin et al.     To dispose of large volumes of oilfield-produced water, an environmentally friendly method that reuses advanced-softened, silica-rich, oilfield-produced water (ASOW) as feedwater …             Enhanced or Weakened Western North Pacific Subtropical High under Global Warming? ▶     Chao He, Tianjun Zhou, Ailan Lin et al.     The Western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) regulates East Asian climate in summer. Anomalous WNPSH causes floods, droughts and heat waves in China, Japan and Korea. The …             Onset of frequent dust storms in northern China at ~AD 1100 ▶     Yuxin He, Cheng Zhao, Mu Song et al.     Dust storms in northern China strongly affect the living and health of people there and the dusts could travel a full circle of the globe in a short time. Historically, more …             Anomalous Near-Surface Low-Salinity Pulses off the Central Oregon Coast ▶     Piero L. F. Mazzini, Craig M. Risien, John A. Barth et al.     From mid-May to August 2011, extreme runoff in the Columbia River ranged from 14,000 to over 17,000 m3/s, more than two standard deviations above the mean for this period. The …             The effect of ultralow-dose antibiotics exposure on soil nitrate and N2O flux ▶     Stephanie L. DeVries, Madeline Loving, Xiqing Li et al.     Exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics has been shown to alter the metabolic activity of micro-organisms, but the impact on soil denitrification and N2O …             The impact of temperature on microbial diversity and AOA activity in the Tengchong Geothermal Field, China ▶     Haizhou Li, Qunhui Yang, Jian Li et al.     Using a culture-independent method that combines CARD-FISH, qPCR and 16S rDNA, we investigated the abundance, community structure and diversity of microbes along a steep thermal …             Impact of a wastewater treatment plant on microbial community composition and function in a hyporheic zone of a eutrophic river ▶     Siavash Atashgahi, Rozelin Aydin, Mauricio R. Dimitrov et al.     The impact of the installation of a technologically advanced wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on the benthic microbial community of a vinyl chloride (VC) impacted eutrophic …             Nucleoside phosphorylation by the mineral schreibersite ▶     Maheen Gull, Mike A. Mojica, Facundo M. Fernández et al.     Phosphorylation of the nucleosides adenosine and uridine by the simple mixing and mild heating of aqueous solutions of the organic compounds with synthetic analogs of the …             Peaches Preceded Humans: Fossil Evidence from SW China ▶     Tao Su, Peter Wilf, Yongjiang Huang et al.     Peach (Prunus persica, Rosaceae) is an extremely popular tree fruit worldwide, with an annual production near 20 million tons. Peach is widely thought to have origins in China, …             An unexpected role for mixotrophs in the response of peatland carbon cycling to climate warming ▶     Vincent E. J. Jassey, Constant Signarbieux, Stephan Hättenschwiler et al.     Mixotrophic protists are increasingly recognized for their significant contribution to carbon (C) cycling. As phototrophs they contribute to photosynthetic C fixation, whilst as …             Effect of conservation efforts and ecological variables on waterbird population sizes in wetlands of the Yangtze River ▶     Yong Zhang, Qiang Jia, Herbert H. T. Prins et al.     Forage quality and availability, climatic factors, and a wetland’s conservation status are expected to affect the densities of wetland birds. However, the conservation …             A new Approach to El Niño Prediction beyond the Spring Season ▶     Shuhei Masuda, John Philip Matthews, Yoichi Ishikawa et al.     The enormous societal importance of accurate El Niño forecasts has long been recognized. Nonetheless, our predictive capabilities were once more shown to be inadequate in 2014 …             Heavy metal removal from MSS fly ash by thermal and chlorination treatments ▶     Jingyong Liu, Jiacong Chen, Limao Huang     The thermal behavior of heavy metals in the co-incineration of municipal solid waste-sludge incinerator fly ash (MSS fly ash) was studied using a laboratory-scale tube furnace. …             Quantifying the Impact of Scenic Environments on Health ▶     Chanuki Illushka Seresinhe, Tobias Preis, Helen Susannah Moat     Few people would deny an intuitive sense of increased wellbeing when spending time in beautiful locations. Here, we ask: can we quantify the relationship between environmental …             Bacterial diversity is strongly associated with historical penguin activity in an Antarctic lake sediment profile ▶     Renbin Zhu, Yu Shi, Dawei Ma et al.     Current penguin activity in Antarctica affects the geochemistry of sediments and their microbial communities; the effects of historical penguin activity are less well understood. …             Mesoporous magnetic secondary nanostructures as versatile adsorbent for efficient scavenging of heavy metals ▶     Kakoli Bhattacharya, Devaborniny Parasar, Bholanath Mondal et al.     Porous magnetic secondary nanostructures exhibit high surface area because of the presence of plentiful interparticle spaces or pores. Mesoporous Fe3O4 secondary nanostructures …             Ediacaran Marine Redox Heterogeneity and Early Animal Ecosystems ▶     Chao Li, Noah J. Planavsky, Wei Shi et al.     Oxygenation has widely been viewed as a major factor driving the emergence and diversification of animals. However, links between early animal evolution and shifts in surface …             On the definition and identifiability of the alleged “hiatus” in global warming ▶     Stephan Lewandowsky, James S. Risbey, Naomi Oreskes     Recent public debate and the scientific literature have frequently cited a “pause” or “hiatus” in global warming. Yet, multiple sources of evidence show that climate change …             On the possible cause of distinct El Niño types in the recent decades ▶     Jyoti Jadhav, Swapna Panickal, Shamal Marathe et al.     Distinct El Niño types have been observed in the recent decades with warm anomalies in the eastern Pacific (Canonical El Niño, EL) and central Pacific (El Niño Modoki, EM). Among …             Modeling gene flow distribution within conventional fields and development of a simplified sampling method to quantify adventitious GM contents in maize ▶     Enric Melé, Anna Nadal, Joaquima Messeguer et al.     Genetically modified (GM) crops have been commercially grown for two decades. GM maize is one of 3 species with the highest acreage and specific events. Many countries …             Small Sample Sizes Yield Biased Allometric Equations in Temperate Forests ▶     L. Duncanson, O. Rourke, R. Dubayah     Accurate quantification of forest carbon stocks is required for constraining the global carbon cycle and its impacts on climate. 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