Nature contents: 11 August 2016

If you are unable to see the message below, click here to view.

Volume 536 Issue 7615   This Week       Editorials         A safe place for nuclear energy? Rewarding existing nuclear power plants for the value of their low-carbon power makes sense, but the nuclear industry has a lot of work to do if it is survive and thrive in the twenty-first century. Physicists need to make the case for high-energy experiments The disappearance of a tantalizing LHC signal is disappointing for those who want to build the next big accelerator.   World View         Steer driverless cars towards full automation For cars to be safe, full control must be allocated to the driver — be it human or computer, argues John Baruch.   Seven Days         The week in science: 5–11 August 2016 Iranian nuclear scientist executed; Turkey suspends research-agency staff; and private company granted permission to go to the Moon. Research Highlights         Astronomy: Gentle birth of a comet | Geochemistry: Minerals mimic synthetic structure | Urban ecology: Insect mix high in rich areas | Particle physics: No sign of new neutrino | Evolution: Ancient whales heard high notes | Physics: Crack patterns in freezing water

Are you worried about antibody specificity? You should be - because the NIH is. Free access to a new white paper on commercial antibody specificity testing using high-content proteome microarrays. Includes background, methods and data.

News in Focus   Hopes for revolutionary new LHC particle dashed But the hunt continues for elementary particles beyond the standard model of physics. Elizabeth Gibney   Glider aims to break world record — and boost climate science Perlan mission will surf stratospheric waves and conduct atmospheric research. Declan Butler US agency to lift ban on funding human–animal hybrids Researchers in the United States will soon be able to resume creating chimaera-based projects. Sara Reardon   Replications, ridicule and a recluse: the controversy over NgAgo gene-editing intensifies As failures to replicate results using the CRISPR alternative stack up, a quiet scientist stands by his claims. David Cyranoski Beyond CRISPR: A guide to the many other ways to edit a genome The popular technique has limitations that have sparked searches for alternatives. Heidi Ledford   Plant and animal DNA suggests first Americans took the coastal route Life came to ice-free Canadian corridor too late to sustain migrations of Clovis and pre-Clovis people. Ewen Callaway Features         The bandwidth bottleneck that is throttling the Internet Researchers are scrambling to repair and expand data pipes worldwide — and to keep the information revolution from grinding to a halt. Jeff Hecht Multimedia       Nature Podcast: 11 August 2016 This week, the migration route of the first Americans, the bandwidth crisis, clever conductors, and the next CRISPR.

nature.com webcasts Nature Publishing Group presents a custom webcast on: Holistic workflow solutions to target, purify and characterize glycoprotein profiles Date: Thursday August 25, 2016 Time: 8AM PDT, 11AM EDT, 4PM BST, 5PM CEST Register for the webcast and live Q&A session: Sponsored by: Thermo Fisher

Comment   Biodiversity: The ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers The threats of old are still the dominant drivers of current species loss, indicates an analysis of IUCN Red List data by Sean Maxwell and colleagues. Sean L. Maxwell, Richard A. Fuller, Thomas M. Brooks et al. Books and Arts         Microbiology: Mob rule Adrian Woolfson examines four books on the microbiological universe that churns within us. Adrian Woolfson Books in brief Barbara Kiser reviews five of the week's best science picks. Barbara Kiser Correspondence         Education: Reforms set to seep into India's schools Sanchit Misra   Profiles: Kudos for female Antarctic researchers Jan Strugnell Funding: would Mendel have won it? Daniel Hebenstreit   Funding: spot value in grant proposals Gabriele Bammer Weather communications: Satellite company clarifies proposal Doug Smith

Research   NEW ONLINE         Cancer metabolism: Friendly neighbours feed tumour cells In pancreatic cancer, neighbouring non-cancerous cells degrade their own proteins through a process called autophagy and release amino acids that are then taken up and used by the cancer cells. Ancient DNA: Muddy messages about American migration When and by which paths did early humans migrate into America? An analysis of ancient plant and animal remains revises the timeframe during which a route may have opened between ice sheets in northwest America. Structural biology: Catalytic spliceosome captured Spliceosome complexes remove non-coding sequences from RNA transcripts in two steps. A structure of a spliceosome after the first step reveals active-site interactions and evolutionary constraints on these non-coding regions. Cell division: Mitotic regulation comes into focus Structural studies provide insight into the mechanisms governing a checkpoint in cell division that prevents chromosomes from segregating before they are properly aligned on a structure called the mitotic spindle. Structural basis for the antifolding activity of a molecular chaperone The solution structure of SecB, a molecular chaperone that exhibits strong antifolding activity, in complex with alkaline phosphatase and maltose-binding protein captured in their unfolded states. Capturing a substrate in an activated RING E3/E2–SUMO complex A new method based on protein engineering to trap an intact complex between Siz1, SUMO-bound E2, and PCNA for structure determination. Molecular basis of APC/C regulation by the spindle assembly checkpoint A high-resolution structure of a complex between the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) and the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) reveals how MCC interacts with and represses APC/C by obstructing substrate recognition and suppressing E3 ligase activity. Postglacial viability and colonization in North America’s ice-free corridor During much of the last ice age, continental ice sheets prevented humans from migrating into North America from Siberia; an environmental reconstruction of the corridor that opened up between the Cordilleran and Laurentide ice sheets reveals that it would have been inhospitable to the initial colonizing humans, who therefore probably entered North America by a different route. Compression and ablation of the photo-irradiated molecular cloud the Orion Bar One-arcsecond-resolution millimetre-wave images enable the surface of the Orion Bar molecular cloud to be resolved, revealing a fragmented ridge of high-density substructures, photoablative gas flows and instabilities that suggest that the cloud edge has been compressed by a high-pressure wave expanding into the molecular cloud, in contrast to predictions from static equilibrium models. A progressively wetter climate in southern East Africa over the past 1.3 million years A 1.3-million-year-long climate history from the Lake Malawi basin in eastern Africa displays a trend towards progressively wetter conditions superimposed on strong 100,000-year eccentricity cycles of temperature and rainfall since the Mid-Pleistocene Transition around 900,000 years ago. A human neurodevelopmental model for Williams syndrome A human neurodevelopmental model fills the current knowledge gap in the cellular biology of Williams syndrome and could lead to further insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the disorder and the human social brain. Pancreatic stellate cells support tumour metabolism through autophagic alanine secretion Pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells drive autophagy in tumour microenvironment-associated stellate cells, which release alanine that is used by the cancer cells as a carbon source for a variety of metabolic processes in an otherwise nutrient-poor environment. Natural courtship song variation caused by an intronic retroelement in an ion channel gene Natural variation in the courtship song of Drosophila is mapped to the intronic insertion of a retroelement at the slowpoke locus, which encodes an ion channel. Structure of mammalian respiratory complex I Electron cryomicroscopy structures are provided for all core and supernumerary protein subunits of mammalian complex I, a 45-subunit enzyme that powers eukaryotic respiration. HIV-1 uses dynamic capsid pores to import nucleotides and fuel encapsidated DNA synthesis Size-selective pores in the HIV-1 capsid hexamer recruit nucleotides, thereby allowing reverse transcription to take place inside the capsid. The prion protein is an agonistic ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor Adgrg6 The cellular prion protein PrPC promotes peripheral myelin homeostasis by acting on a G protein-coupled receptor to increase levels of cyclic AMP in Schwann cells. Germinal centre hypoxia and regulation of antibody qualities by a hypoxia response system Proteasome inhibition for treatment of leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and sleeping sickness Molecular modifiers reveal a mechanism of pathological crystal growth inhibition Like citrate, the molecule hydroxycitrate is shown to inhibit growth of the crystal that is the principal component of kidney stones, suggesting that hydroxycitrate could be another treatment for kidney stone disease. News and Views         Neuroscience: Nanocolumns at the heart of the synapse Stephan J. Sigrist, Astrid G. Petzoldt Systems neuroscience: A modern map of the human cerebral cortex B. T. Thomas Yeo, Simon B. Eickhoff Energy science: Fast track for silver Tom Nilges   Ever see that cool science mug or shirt in the lab and wonder, "where do I get those?" Finally a place where you can pick up all these great nerdy and geeky gifts, labratgifts.com! It's the world's largest science-themed e-store and we're celebrating by giving you 20% off your order! Just use the code 'nature20' at checkout! Cancer: Endothelial-cell killing promotes metastasis Claudio R. Alarcón, Sohail F. Tavazoie   Cell biology: The TORC1 pathway to protein destruction Lynne Chantranupong, David M. Sabatini 50 & 100 Years Ago   Cancer: Fat and the fate of pancreatic tumours Melek Canan Arkan Articles         Synergistic, ultrafast mass storage and removal in artificial mixed conductors An artificial composite of the super-ionic conductor RbAg4I5 and the electronic conductor graphite exhibits extremely fast diffusion of silver ions at the interface between the two materials, generating both silver-excess and silver-deficient sites. Chia-Chin Chen, Lijun Fu, Joachim Maier An evolutionarily conserved pathway controls proteasome homeostasis Proteasome abundance is crucial for cell survival, but how cells maintain adequate amounts of proteasome is unclear; an analysis in yeast identifies TORC1 and Mpk1 as central components of a pathway regulating proteasome homeostasis through the coordinated regulation of regulatory particle assembly chaperones and proteasome subunits—this pathway is evolutionarily conserved with mTOR and ERK5 regulating proteasome abundance in mammals. Adrien Rousseau, Anne Bertolotti SAR11 bacteria linked to ocean anoxia and nitrogen loss Bacteria of the SAR11 clade constitute up to one half of all marine microbes and are thought to require oxygen for growth; here, a subgroup of SAR11 bacteria are shown to thrive in ocean oxygen minimum zones and to encode abundant respiratory nitrate reductases. Despina Tsementzi, Jieying Wu, Samuel Deutsch et al. Tempo and mode of genome evolution in a 50,000-generation experiment Whole-genome sequencing of 264 clones sampled from 12 Escherichia coli populations evolved over 50,000 generations under identical culture conditions is used to characterize the patterns and dynamics of genome evolution over time. Olivier Tenaillon, Jeffrey E. Barrick, Noah Ribeck et al. A multi-modal parcellation of human cerebral cortex A detailed parcellation (map) of the human cerebral cortex has been obtained by integrating multi-modal imaging data, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and the resulting freely available resources will enable detailed comparative studies of the human brain in health, ageing and disease. Matthew F. Glasser, Timothy S. Coalson, Emma C. Robinson et al. Letters         Abrupt plate accelerations shape rifted continental margins By applying a new geotectonic analysis technique to revised global plate reconstructions, rifted margins are shown to feature an initial slow rift phase followed by an abrupt increase of plate divergence prior to breakup. Sascha Brune, Simon E. Williams, Nathaniel P. Butterworth et al. Heating of Jupiter’s upper atmosphere above the Great Red Spot The upper atmosphere above Jupiter’s Great Red Spot—the largest storm in the Solar System—is hundreds of degrees hotter than anywhere else on the planet; the heating must come from below, suggesting coupling between Jupiter’s lower and upper atmospheres, probably the result of upwardly propagating acoustic or gravity waves. J. O’Donoghue, L. Moore, T. S. Stallard et al. A photon–photon quantum gate based on a single atom in an optical resonator To enable two photons to interact, a single atom in an optical resonator is used to build a universal photon–photon quantum gate; this could lead to applications in long-distance quantum communication and scalable quantum computing that require the processing of optical quantum information. Bastian Hacker, Stephan Welte, Gerhard Rempe et al. Emergence of a Homo sapiens-specific gene family and chromosome 16p11.2 CNV susceptibility Reconstruction of the evolutionary history of the chromosome 16p11.2 locus and identification of bolA family member 2 (BOLA2) as a gene duplicated exclusively in Homo sapiens. Xander Nuttle, Giuliana Giannuzzi, Michael H. Duyzend et al. A trans-synaptic nanocolumn aligns neurotransmitter release to receptors Synaptic vesicle fusion, as evoked by action potentials, is confined to presynaptic protein nanoclusters, which are closely aligned with concentrated postsynaptic receptors and their scaffolding proteins—an organization termed a ‘nanocolumn’. Ai-Hui Tang, Haiwen Chen, Tuo P. Li et al. Tumour-cell-induced endothelial cell necroptosis via death receptor 6 promotes metastasis Human and murine tumour cells induce programmed necrosis (necroptosis) of endothelial cells, which promotes tumour cell extravasation and metastasis. Boris Strilic, Lida Yang, Julián Albarrán-Juárez et al. Global profiling of SRP interaction with nascent polypeptides Here, the selection of substrates by the protein–RNA complex known as the signal recognition particle (SRP) is investigated in the bacterium Escherichia coli, revealing that the SRP has a strong preference for hydrophobic transmembrane domains of inner membrane proteins. Daniela Schibich, Felix Gloge, Ina Pöhner et al. Cotranslational signal-independent SRP preloading during membrane targeting The signal recognition particle (SRP) preferentially binds peptides destined for secretion before peptide-targeting signals are translated through recognition of elements in their mRNA, including non-coding sequences. Justin W. Chartron, Katherine C. L. Hunt, Judith Frydman Mechanism of arginine sensing by CASTOR1 upstream of mTORC1 Structural data on the protein CASTOR1 reveal how the mTORC1 pathway senses intracellular arginine, suggesting a repurposing of an evolutionarily pre-metazoan mechanism. Robert A. Saxton, Lynne Chantranupong, Kevin E. Knockenhauer et al. Reconstruction of bacterial transcription-coupled repair at single-molecule resolution Single-molecule assays show that the recruitment of UvrA and UvrAB to Mfd–RNA polymerase complex formed on a DNA lesion arrests the translocating complex and causes its dissolution. Jun Fan, Mathieu Leroux-Coyau, Nigel J. Savery et al. Single-layer MoS2 nanopores as nanopower generators Blue energy is a desirable renewable resource, involving the osmotic transport of ions through a membrane from seawater to fresh water; here, nanopores have been created in two-dimensional molybdenum-disulfide membranes, and shown to generate a substantial osmotic power output. Jiandong Feng, Michael Graf, Ke Liu et al. Corrigenda         Kidney organoids from human iPS cells contain multiple lineages and model human nephrogenesis Minoru Takasato, Pei X. Er, Han S. Chiu et al. Corrigendum: Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome Benoit Chassaing, Omry Koren, Julia K. Goodrich et al. Errata         Universal resilience patterns in complex networks Jianxi Gao, Baruch Barzel, Albert-László Barabási

Nature Medicine and the Volkswagen Foundation present: GENOME EDITING FOR GENE AND CELL THERAPY, A HERRENHAUSEN SYMPOSIUM November 3-4, 2016 | Herrenhausen Palace Conference Center, Hanover, Germany REGISTER NOW!

Careers & Jobs   Feature         Research protocols: A forest of hypotheses Julia Rosen Q&AS         Turning point: Planet navigator Smriti Mallapaty Correction Futures       Walls of Nigeria Family ties. Jeremy Szal

naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       Research Assistant     Brunel University London            Postdoctoral Fellow     University of Bergen            Postdoctoral Scientist (m / f)     Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine            Postdoctoral Research Scientist     Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute in Glasgow          No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. Keep up-to-date with the latest sector trends, vote in our reader poll and sign-up to receive the monthly Naturejobs newsletter.

natureevents directory featured events         Metastatic Breast Cancer Conference     21 October Houston, USA         Natureevents Directory is the premier resource for scientists looking for the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia. Featured across Nature Publishing Group journals and centrally at natureevents.com it is an essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide.

Your email address is in the Nature mailing list. You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/nams/svc/myaccount (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant).

For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department at registration@nature.com For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscription department at subscriptions@nature.com For other enquiries, please contact feedback@nature.com Nature Publishing Group | One New York Plaza, Suite 4500 | New York | NY 10004-1562 | USA Nature Publishing Group's offices: Principal offices: London - New York - Tokyo Worldwide offices: Basingstoke - Beijing - Boston - Buenos Aires - Delhi - Heidelberg - Hong Kong - Madrid - Melbourne - Munich - Paris - San Francisco - Seoul - Shanghai - Washington DC - Sydney Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.